Alpha-adrenergic receptor activation reinstates motor deficits in rats recovering from cortical injury.

Norepinephrine plays an important role in motor functional recovery after a brain injury caused by ferrous chloride. Inhibition of norepinephrine release by clonidine is correlated with motor deficits after motor cortex injury. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of α-adrenergic receptors in the restoration of motor deficits in recovering rats after brain damage.

Insights into Potential Targets for Therapeutic Intervention in Epilepsy.

Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease that affects approximately 65 million people worldwide. However, despite the continuous development of antiepileptic drugs, over 30% patients with epilepsy progress to drug-resistant epilepsy. For this reason, it is a high priority objective in preclinical research to find novel therapeutic targets and to develop effective drugs that prevent or reverse the molecular mechanisms underlying epilepsy progression.

Source localization of high-frequency activity in tripolar electroencephalography of patients with epilepsy.

Objective: The objective of the study was to localize sources of interictal high-frequency activity (HFA), from tripolar electroencephalography (tEEG), in patient-specific, realistic head models.

Methods: Concurrent electroencephalogram (EEG) and tEEG were recorded from nine patients undergoing video-EEG, of which eight had seizures during the recordings and the other had epileptic activity. Patient-specific, realistic boundary element head models were generated from the patient's magnetic resonance images (MRIs).

Quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis and its association with depressive symptoms and physical disability.

Objective: The aim of this work was to evaluate the quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis and its association with depressive symptoms and physical health.

Method: A total of 117 patients clinically diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) were studied. The MSQOL-54 scale was applied.

Catecholamine levels and gene expression of their receptors in tissues of adults with osteosarcoma.

Aim: The purpose of this work was to identify and measure catecholamines, their metabolites, and the gene expression of catecholamine receptors in osteosarcoma tissue.

Materials And Methods: The levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, norepinephrine, serotonin, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in cancer tissue and in adjacent and non-oncological bone tissue were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the gene expression of catecholamine receptors and of dopamine β-hydroxylase, monoaminoxidase, ki67, and Runx2 in the osteosarcoma tissue, tissue adjacent to the tumour, non-oncological bone, and human brain tissue was analysed by RT-PCR.

Results: We found significantly higher levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and norepinephrine in the cancer sample than in adjacent and non-oncological bone.

Concentration Endurance Test (d2): Normative data for Spanish-speaking pediatric population.

Objective: To generate normative data for the Concentration Endurance Test (d2) in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations.

Method: The sample consisted of 4,373 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the d2 test as part of a larger neuropsychological battery.

Trail Making Test: Normative data for the Latin American Spanish-speaking pediatric population.

Objective: To generate normative data for the Trail Making Test (TMT) in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations.

Method: The sample consisted of 3,337 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the TMT as part of a larger neuropsychological battery.

Stroop Color-Word Interference Test: Normative data for Spanish-speaking pediatric population.

Objective: To generate normative data for the Stroop Word-Color Interference test in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations.

Method: The sample consisted of 4,373 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the Stroop Word-Color Interference test as part of a larger neuropsychological battery.

Symbol Digit Modalities Test: Normative data for Spanish-speaking pediatric population.

Objective: To generate normative data for the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations.

Method: The sample consisted of 4,373 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the SDMT as part of a larger neuropsychological battery.

Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST): Normative data for Spanish-speaking pediatric population.

Objective: To generate normative data for the Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST) in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations.

Method: The sample consisted of 4,373 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the M-WCST as part of a larger neuropsychological battery.

Verbal fluency tests: Normative data for Spanish-speaking pediatric population.

Objective: To generate normative data for the phonological and semantic verbal fluency tests (VFT) in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations.

Method: The sample consisted of 4,373 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the VFT as part of a larger neuropsychological battery.

Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-III: Normative data for Spanish-speaking pediatric population.

Objective: To generate normative data for the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-III (PPVT-III) in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations.

Method: The sample consisted of 4,373 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Honduras, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the PPVT-III as part of a larger neuropsychological battery.

Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure - copy and immediate recall (3 minutes): Normative data for Spanish-speaking pediatric populations.

Objective: To generate normative data for the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations.

Method: The sample consisted of 4,373 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the ROCF as part of a larger neuropsychological battery.

Overview of Nrf2 as Therapeutic Target in Epilepsy.

Oxidative stress is a biochemical state of imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and antioxidant defenses. It is involved in the physiopathology of degenerative and chronic neuronal disorders, such as epilepsy. Experimental evidence in humans and animals support the involvement of oxidative stress before and after seizures.

Assessment of the nutrition status of patients with Huntington's disease.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare the nutrition status of patients with Huntington's disease (HD) with that of control subjects by analyzing anthropometric and biochemical indicators, energy, and macronutrient intake and to determine which indicators are most altered in HD patients.

Methods: We assessed the nutrition status of 25 HD patients and 25 age- and sex-matched controls by measuring anthropometric and biochemical indicators. Food intake data were obtained by the 3-d record method to assess mean daily energy and macronutrient intake.

Multiple sclerosis in Mexico: hospital cases at the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City.

The frequency and clinical features of multiple sclerosis (MS) at the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery in Mexico City for the period spanning 1984-1993 is presented. Hospital records of patients with clinically diagnosed MS were selected, the frequency and cumulative frequency of this diagnosis were determined and demographic information and clinical features were recorded. It was found that 70% of the patients were women, 25% were professionals, and 95% were of mixed race.