Crosstalks between translation and metabolism in cancer.

Albeit cancer patients' heterogeneity, all tumor cells have alterations of both metabolism and translation. The simplest explanation for this common feature is that several oncogenes coordinate a translational and metabolic reprogramming that is necessary for tumor cells to thrive. Overall, at least three oncogenic pathways, namely c-Myc, RAS and PI3K-mTOR, are known to affect both translation and metabolism by stimulating glycolysis and protein synthesis.

Data on the effects of eIF6 downmodulation on the proportions of innate and adaptive immune system cell subpopulations and on thymocyte maturation.

The data described in this article are related to "High levels of eukaryotic Initiation Factor 6 (eIF6) are required for immune system homeostasis and for steering the glycolytic flux of TCR-stimulated CD4 T cells in both mice and humans" (Manfrini et al., in press) [1]. eIF6 is a translation initiation factor required for ribosomal biogenesis (Sanvito et al.

High levels of eukaryotic Initiation Factor 6 (eIF6) are required for immune system homeostasis and for steering the glycolytic flux of TCR-stimulated CD4 T cells in both mice and humans.

Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 6 (eIF6) is required for 60S ribosomal subunit biogenesis and efficient initiation of translation. Intriguingly, in both mice and humans, endogenous levels of eIF6 are detrimental as they act as tumor and obesity facilitators, raising the question on the evolutionary pressure that maintains high eIF6 levels. Here we show that, in mice and humans, high levels of eIF6 are required for proper immune functions.

Differences in serum and synovial CD4+ T cells and cytokine profiles to stratify patients with inflammatory osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Background: The aim was to investigate CD4T-cell subsets, immune cells and their cytokine profiles in blood and synovial compartments in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory osteoarthritis (OA) to define specific immune signatures.

Methods: Peripheral blood, synovial fluid (SF) and synovial membranes (SM) of RA and OA patients were analyzed. CD4T-cell subset frequencies were determined by flow cytometry, and cytokine concentrations in serum and SF were measured by ELISA.

Role of microRNAs in translation regulation and cancer.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are pervasively expressed and regulate most biological functions. They function by modulating transcriptional and translational programs and therefore they orchestrate both physiological and pathological processes, such as development, cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and tumor growth. miRNAs work as small guide molecules in RNA silencing, by negatively regulating the expression of several genes both at mRNA and protein level, by degrading their mRNA target and/or by silencing translation.

Translational control by mTOR-independent routes: how eIF6 organizes metabolism.

Over the past few years, there has been a growing interest in the interconnection between translation and metabolism. Important oncogenic pathways, like those elicited by c-Myc transcription factor and mTOR kinase, couple the activation of the translational machinery with glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis. Eukaryotic initiation factor 6 (eIF6) is a factor necessary for 60S ribosome maturation.

The light and the dark sides of Interleukin-10 in immune-mediated diseases and cancer.

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is known to be a tolerogenic cytokine since it inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine production and T cell stimulatory capacities of myeloid cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells. In particular, it has a non-redundant tolerogenic role in intestinal immune homeostasis, since mice and patients with genetic defects in the IL-10/IL-10R pathway develop spontaneously colitis in the presence of a normal intestinal flora. However, IL-10 is also a growth and differentiation factor for B-cells, can promote autoantibody production and has consequently a pathogenic role in systemic lupus erythematosus.