Validation of the Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) Automated Speech Processing Algorithm Labels for Adult and Child Segments in a Sample of Families From India.

Purpose: The Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) technology uses automated speech processing (ASP) algorithms to estimate counts such as total adult words and child vocalizations, which helps understand children's early language environment. This ASP has been validated in North American English and other languages in predominantly monolingual contexts but not in a multilingual context like India. Thus, the current study aims to validate the classification accuracy of the LENA algorithm specifically focusing on speaker recognition of adult segments (AdS) and child segments (ChS) in a sample of bi/multilingual families from India.

Indian Trial of Tranexamic acid in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage study protocol.

Rationale: Early mortality in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is due to hematoma volume (HV) expansion, and there are no effective treatments available other than reduction in blood pressure. Tranexamic acid (TXA) a hemostatic drug that is widely available and safe can be a cost-effective treatment for ICH, if proven efficacious.

Hypothesis: Administration of TXA in ICH patients when given within 4.

Randomized Controlled Trials of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: There is growing interest in the use of psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) for major depressive disorder (MDD), including treatment-resistant depression. We used randomized controlled trial (RCT) data to compare summary estimates of change in depression ratings with PAT versus comparator treatments in MDD. We also compared response and remission rates, and adverse effects.

Clinicopathological study of a rare neuroectodermal neoplasm of the cranium.

Purpose: Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is a rare, rapidly growing pigmented neoplasm originating from the neural crest. Predominantly affecting infants, it commonly occurs in the head and neck region. MNTI is often locally aggressive with a high recurrence rate.

Caregivers' Perspectives on Reasonable Accommodation for Persons with Severe Mental Disorders at the Workplace.

Background: Reasonable accommodation (RA) refers to adjustments or modifications that an employer makes to the workplace to enable an employee with a mental illness to perform the essential functions of their job. Employer and employee should work together to determine the most beneficial accommodations that would not impose an undue hardship on the employer.

Materials And Methods: An exploratory study design with a purposive sampling technique was used in the current study.

Spectrum of Intracranial Hemorrhages in Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Pictorial Case Series and Review of Pathophysiology and Management.

Objective: We aim to provide a pictorial representation of the broad spectrum of intracranial hemorrhages associated with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), emphasizing atypical locations and rare intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) types. We also hypothesize the pathophysiology leading to atypical locations of the ICH in CVT and the outcomes with anticoagulation therapy.

Background: ICH complicates about 40% of cases with CVT and is known to cause various types of ICH, including subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and subdural hemorrhage (SDH).

Dysregulation of protein degradation and alteration of secretome in α-synuclein-exposed astrocytes: implications for dopaminergic neuronal dysfunction.

Background: A key factor in the propagation of α-synuclein pathology is the compromised protein quality control system. Variations in membrane association and astrocytic uptake between different α-synuclein forms suggest differences in exocytosis or membrane cleavage, potentially impacting the secretome's influence on dopaminergic neurons. We aimed to understand differences in protein degradation mechanisms of astrocytes for both wild-type (WT) and mutant forms of α-synuclein, specifically during periods of reduced degradation efficiency.

A non-autochthonous human rabies case in the historically rabies-free Andaman And Nicobar Islands, India.

Rabies, a fatal zoonotic viral disease claims numerous lives annually worldwide, particularly in Asia and Africa. Despite the high prevalence of rabies in India, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands have historically maintained a rabies-free status. This report documents the first non-indigenous case of human rabies in these islands, emphasizing the imperative for heightened surveillance measures.

Distribution and association of road traffic accident with depression among Indian population aged 45 years and above: nested multilevel modelling analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional survey.

Introduction: The prevalence of important public health problems like road traffic accidents (RTA) and depression are surging. This study was aimed to estimate distribution and determine the association between RTA and depression among Indian population aged 45 years and above: overall and stratified into age group, gender and across states/union territories as aspirants, achievers, and front runners.

Methods: Using Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) dataset (April 2017-December 2018), we have conducted this study among middle aged (45-59 years) and older adults and elderly (≥ 60 years) Indians.

Emergency Surgical Management of Meningiomas: Factors Affecting Early Outcomes and Complications.

 Intracranial meningiomas constitute a third of all brain tumors and are among the most common indications for neurosurgical procedures performed worldwide. Most meningiomas present with an indolent, longstanding history. However, the data on outcomes of emergency surgeries for meningioma is limited.

Strategies in Parkinson's Disease Therapeutics - A Need for Synergy of Ayurveda, Small Molecules and Nanoparticles aided Approaches.

Despite extensive research, there is an unmet need for developing disease-modifying therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD). Failure of certain landmark clinical trials has highlighted the need for a better understanding of the disease pathogenesis as well as identifying the hurdles in developing drug candidates and designing clinical trials. While adhering to these needs, several promising trials are currently underway with the hope of developing reliable targets.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on People with Dementia and their Caregivers: A Multiphase Observational Study from India.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had multifaceted and enduring impacts on people with dementia and their caregivers; however, our understanding of the long-term outcomes remains limited. We aimed to explore the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on cognitive symptoms and vaccination rates in people living with dementia.

Methods: This study was conducted as a part of a longitudinal study design in two specialized hospitals in South India.

Autoantibody-Based Clinicoradiopathologic Phenotyping of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies: An Indian Cohort.

Objectives: We aim to characterize the clinical, pathological, laboratory and imaging features of various antibody defined IIM subgroups in Indian population.

Methodology: 103 patients who satisfied 2017 ACR/ EULAR Classification criteria for IIM, and tested seropositive for myositis antibodies using Immunoblot technique were retrospectively identified. Patients were classified into following subgroups - Mi2B group, SRP group, Anti RNA Synthetase antibody group (Jo 1, PL 7, PL 12, OJ), multiple MSA, only MAA group (U1RNP, Ro 52, SS-A, SS-B, PM Scl 75, PM Scl 100).

Purely Endoscopic Subtemporal Keyhole Approach for Trigeminal Schwannomas: Surgical Techniques and Early Results.

Background And Objectives: In the past, microscopic transcranial approach was the mainstay of treatment of trigeminal schwannomas. In recent years, several endoscopic procedures have been reported for trigeminal schwannomas. For trigeminal schwannomas arising around the Meckel cave, we introduced a fully endoscopic procedure with a small temporal craniotomy in June 2020 and have performed radical tumor removal as in the conventional approach.

Poorly Recognized and Uncommonly Acknowledged Limitations of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are a gold standard in evidence-based research. However, RCTs have limitations, among which the most commonly acknowledged is that narrow study selection criteria compromise the external validity of the findings. This article briefly touches upon this and other well-recognized limitations and presents, in greater detail, less commonly acknowledged limitations with examples from contemporary literature.

Intermittent episodes of acute severe encephalomyopathy and early death in two siblings caused by biallelic likely pathogenic variants in FASTKD2: Expanding phenotype and literature review.

Introduction: Combined oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) deficiency 44 (COXPD44; MIM# 618855) is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in FAS-activated serine-threonine kinase domain 2 (FASTKD2) (MIM# 612322). COXPD44 is characterized by variable clinical features-developmental delay, chronic epileptic encephalopathy, seizure disorder/status epilepticus and cerebellar ataxia. We ascertained one sib with episodic acute encephalomyopathy triggered by acute gastroenteritis and associated with haematological abnormalities, rhabdomyolysis leading to acute kidney injury, hypotensive shock leading to early death and a similarly affected sib with early death.

Complications Following Decompressive Craniectomy.

Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is performed to treat refractory intracranial hypertension following traumatic brain injury and stroke. Though technically not demanding, DC is still associated with several early and delayed complications. Early complications can be fatal, whereas delayed complications may result in regression of recovery.

Validation and efficacy of a tele-yoga intervention for improving psychological stress, mental health and sleep difficulties of stressed adults diagnosed with long COVID: a prospective, multi-center, open-label single-arm study.

The objective of this study was to validate and test the efficacy of a 16-week tele-yoga intervention for perceived stress, anxiety, depression, and insomnia in individuals who had had COVID-19 infection in the previous year, and had reported moderately high levels of psychological stress (PSS ≥14). 25 and 50-min versions of the program were developed. They were then validated using Lawshe's content validity ratio after obtaining feedback from 20 yoga therapy experts.

Towards a Further Understanding of Meta-Analysis Using Gestational Exposure to Cannabis and Birth Defects as a Case in Point.

About 5%-10% of pregnancies in the US are exposed to cannabis with highest use reported during the first trimester. Two recent meta-analyses presented estimates of the risk of birth defects associated with prenatal exposure to cannabis; the larger and more recent meta-analysis pooled data from 18 cohort and 18 case-control studies with a total sample size of >19 million subjects. The meta-analyses found that prenatal exposure to cannabis was associated with a small but statistically significant increased risk of any birth defect (pooled odds ratios [ORs], 1.

NAMAH-An Innovative Tele-ECHO Mentoring Program to Foster Well-being Among Physicians.

Background: The current study aimed to develop and implement the National Assistance in Mental Health for Health Care Providers (NAMAH) module, which focused on wellness and building resilience for a cohort of physicians.

Methods: The NAMAH module is a 12-week tele-mentoring program leveraging videoconference technology that uses the ECHO (Extension of Community Healthcare Outcome) HUB and SPOKE and consists of real-life case discussions and a brief didactic. The module's content was developed after iterative feedback from experts and incorporated suggestions from healthcare providers (HCPs) following a needs assessment.