A survey of the prevalence and patterns of neuropsychological assessment practices across epilepsy surgery centers in India: Toward establishing a national guideline.

Neuropsychology plays an important role in optimizing epilepsy management, but there are no practice guidelines for low- and middle-income countries with emerging services. The National Epilepsy Surgery Support Activity Network (NESSAN), a national working group that supports and optimizes epilepsy surgery programs in India, explored the present status of pre- and post epilepsy surgery neuropsychological assessment practices across India as an initial step in developing national evidence-based test guidelines. An online survey was conducted using two questionnaires, one for neurologists and the second for neuropsychologists and speech-language pathologists working in epilepsy surgery centers.

Benign epileptiform variants in EEG: A comprehensive study of 3000 patients.

Background: The analysis of EEG demands expertise and keen observation to distinguish epileptiform discharges from benign epileptiform variants (BEVs), a frequent source of erroneous interpretation. The prevalence of BEVs varies based on geographical, racial, and ethnic characteristics. However, most data on BEVs originates from Western populations, and additional studies on different cohorts would enrich the existing literature.

Quantification and Clinical Correlation of Posterior Cranial Fossa Cerebrospinal Fluid Volume in Primary Hemifacial Spasm Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Background And Objective: Primary hemifacial spasm (HFS) is caused by neurovascular conflict (NVC) at the root entry zone of the facial nerve. Whether reduction of posterior cranial fossa (PCF) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume is a risk factor for HFS is not clear. The study aims at the radiologic assessment of PCF CSF volume and its clinical correlation.

Neuro-Behçet's presentation as cerebral venous thrombosis - A report of two cases and review of the literature.

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare stroke with multiple risk factors. One rare risk factor is Behçet's disease (BD). Out of around 3000 cases at our center in the past 10 years, two cases of BD with CVT were seen.

Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Study on Safety, Efficacy, and Complication Profile.

Background And Objectives: Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is a safe and effective treatment option for hypothalamic hamartomas (HH), but there is no consensus opinion on its timing, dosage, and follow-up. The aim of this study was to define the safety, efficacy, outcome, and complication profile of GKRS in this patient population.

Methods: This retrospective multicentric study involved 39 patients with the mean age of 16 ± 14.

Prospective Study to Evaluate the Role of Dual Point Contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Differentiation of Brain Tumoral from Nontumoral Tissue: A Magnetic Resonance/PET Study.

Background And Purpose: Follow-up imaging of gliomas is crucial to look for residual or recurrence and to differentiate them from nontumoral tissue. Positron emission tomography (PET)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the problem-solving tool in such cases. We investigated the role of dual point contrast (DPC)-enhanced MRI to discriminate tumoral from the nontumoral tissue compared to PET-MRI taken as the gold standard.

Neuropathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in human neuronal, microglial and glial cells.

Neurological complications, both acute and chronic, are reported commonly in COVID-19 affected individuals. In this context, the understanding of pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in specific cells of central nervous system (CNS) origin is relevant. The present study explores infection biology of a clinical isolate of SARS-CoV-2 in human cell lines of neural origin such as the glioblastoma (U87-MG), neuroblastoma (SHSY5Y) and microglia (C20).

Epilepsy, Antiepileptic Drugs, and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes, 2: Major Congenital Malformations With Antiepileptic Drug Monotherapy.

Women with epilepsy (WWE) are usually advised antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment even during pregnancy. It is therefore important to know what the major congenital malformation (MCM) risks might be with untreated epilepsy, and with first-trimester exposure to different AEDs in monotherapy. This article reviews recent findings from a large multinational registry, a large multinational population based study, and a large meta-analysis.

Culture-Free Whole Genome Sequencing of Using Ligand-Mediated Bead Enrichment Method.

Background: Direct whole genome sequencing (WGS) of () can be used as a tool to study drug resistance, mixed infections, and within-host diversity. However, WGS is challenging to obtain from clinical samples due to low number of bacilli against a high background.

Methods: We prospectively collected 34 samples (sputum, n = 17; bronchoalveolar lavage, n = 13; and pus, n = 4) from patients with active tuberculosis (TB).

Digital phenotyping correlates of mobile cognitive measures in schizophrenia: A multisite global mental health feasibility trial.

Traditional cognitive assessments in schizophrenia are time-consuming and necessitate specialized training, making routine evaluation challenging. To overcome these limitations, this study investigates the feasibility and advantages of utilizing smartphone-based assessments to capture both cognitive functioning and digital phenotyping data and compare these results to gold standard measures. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from 76 individuals with schizophrenia, who were recruited across three sites (one in Boston, two in India) was conducted.

Prevalence and risk factors of intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from the population-based study DREAMCORONA.

Objectives: This study examines the 12-month prevalence rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization, including psychological, physical, and sexual forms, in women and men. It also aims to identify changes in IPV victimization during the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore factors associated with the occurrence of any IPV victimization during this period.

Methods: Data from the DREAMCORONA study in Germany collected from May 2020 to February 2021 included 737 participants, i.

Rehabilitation Services for Young-Onset Dementia: Examples from High- and Low-Middle-Income Countries.

The WHO Dementia Global Action Plan states that rehabilitation services for dementia are required to promote health, reduce disability, and maintain quality of life for those living with dementia. Current services, however, are scarce, particularly for people with young-onset dementia (YOD). This article, written by an international group of multidisciplinary dementia specialists, offers a three-part overview to promote the development of rehabilitation services for YOD.

Primary outcomes, secondary outcomes, and their relevance to how many papers are published from a study: A primer for authors, reviewers, and editors.

In research, outcomes are often categorized as primary and secondary. The primary outcome is the most important one; it determines whether the study is considered 'successful' or not. Secondary outcomes are chosen because they provide supporting evidence for the results of the primary outcome or additional information about the subject being studied.

Effect of local mud application in patients with knee osteoarthritis - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Mud therapy is a safe, cost-effective approach for Knee Osteoarthritis (OA), promoting healing through warmth and minerals, providing pain relief, and improving function. The main objective of the current review is to assess the effectiveness of local mud application for pain management in patients with Knee OA. The published papers were obtained from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrails.

Mental Health Issues Among School Children and Adolescents in India: A Systematic Review.

Childhood and adolescence are critical developmental stages for mental health, and the environment in which they grow has an impact on their well-being and growth. This study aims to assess mental health issues among school children and adolescents in India. A systematic search was conducted on the literature published between January 2013 and August 2023 in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Eric database.

Yoga as an Adjuvant with Multimodal Psychological Interventions for Excessive Use of Technology: A Randomized Controlled Trial from India.

Background: Multimodal approach of psychotherapy has been found to be effective for managing the excessive use of technology. Yoga, a holistic mind-body therapy, has been observed to be a useful adjuvant in managing substance use disorders. Yoga is also known to reduce stress and enhance overall well-being.

Patient Perceptions of Illness Causes and Treatment Preferences for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a condition with high patient morbidity and mortality. Research shows that eliciting patient explanations about illness causes and treatment preferences promotes cross-cultural work and engagement in health services. These topics are in the Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI), a semi-structured interview first published in DSM-5 that applies anthropological approaches within mental health services to promote person-centered care.

Child developmental outcomes associated with postpartum depression and anxiety in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review.

Aims: This systematic review aims to summarize the findings of empirical studies conducted in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) examining the relationship between postpartum depression and anxiety, and child developmental outcomes measured at 24 months of child's age.

Methods: The study was performed as per PRISMA guidelines for a systematic review. EBESCO, ProQuest, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and BMJ databases were examined, along with a forward and backward examination of the citations published.

Probabilistic Tractography-Based Tremor Network Connectivity in Tremor Dominant Parkinson's Disease and Essential Tremor plus.

The basal ganglia-thalamocortical (BGTC) and cerebello-thalamocortical (CTC) networks are implicated in tremor genesis; however, exact contributions across disorders have not been studied. Evaluate the structural connectivity of BGTC and CTC in tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease (TDPD) and essential tremor plus (ETP) with the aid of probabilistic tractography and graph theory analysis. Structural connectomes of the BGTC and CTC were generated by probabilistic tractography for TDPD ( = 25), ETP (ET with rest tremor, = 25), and healthy control (HC, = 22).