Internalization and Endosomal Trafficking of Extracellular Tau in Microglia Improved by α-Linolenic Acid.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is distinguished by extracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of Tau. Pathogenic Tau species are also known to display "prion-like propagation," which explains their presence in extracellular spaces as well. Glial population, especially microglia, tend to proclaim neuroinflammatory condition, disrupted signaling mechanisms, and cytoskeleton deregulation in AD.

Microglial Uptake of Extracellular Tau by Actin-Mediated Phagocytosis.

Microglia are scavengers of the brain environment that clear dead cells, debris, and microbes. In Alzheimer's disease, microglia get activated to phagocytose damaged neurons, extracellular Amyoid-β, and Tau deposits. Several Tau internalization mechanisms of microglia have been studied which include phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia interactomes contain temporally distinct gene clusters underlying comorbid mechanisms and unique disease processes.

Genome-wide association studies suggest significant overlaps in Parkinson's disease (PD) and schizophrenia (SZ) risks, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The protein-protein interaction network ('interactome') plays a crucial role in PD and SZ and can incorporate their spatiotemporal specificities. Therefore, to study the linked biology of PD and SZ, we compiled PD- and SZ-associated genes from the DisGeNET database, and constructed their interactomes using BioGRID and HPRD.

Generation of induced pluripotent stem cell line NIMHi010-A from dermal fibroblast cells of a healthy individual.

In this study, we have established human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) line, NIMHi010-A of a 42-year-old healthy donor. The iPSC line was generated from human dermal fibroblasts using Sendai viruses carrying reprogramming factors c-MYC, SOX2, KLF4, and OCT4 under a feeder-free culture system. The generated hiPSC line expressed typical pluripotency markers, displayed a normal karyotype, and demonstrated the potential to differentiate into the three germ layers.

Diagnosing missed cases of spinal muscular atrophy in genome, exome, and panel sequencing datasets.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic disorder that causes progressive degeneration of lower motor neurons and the subsequent loss of muscle function throughout the body. It is the second most common recessive disorder in individuals of European descent and is present in all populations. Accurate tools exist for diagnosing SMA from genome sequencing data.

Priorities for research promoting mental health in the south and east of Asia.

Progress in promoting mental health, preventing mental illness, and improving care for people affected by mental illness is unlikely to occur if efforts remain separated from existing public health programs and the principles of public health action. Experts met recently to discuss integrating public health and mental health strategies in the south and east of Asia, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Areas of research identified as high priority were: 1) integrating mental health into perinatal care; 2) providing culturally-adjusted support for carers of people with mental and physical disorders; 3) using digital health technologies for mental health care in areas with limited resources and 4) building local research capacity.

Factors That Predict Recurrence Following Endoscopic Repair of Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea.

Background: The endoscopic approach has gained popularity in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea repair with high success rates, yet recurrence is frequent. We analyzed our cases to determine the outcomes of endoscopic repair of CSF rhinorrhea and the effect of several perioperative factors on the success of repair.

Methods: A retrospective review of 50 patients who underwent endoscopic repair of CSF rhinorrhea between January 2013 and July 2023 was performed, collecting details of presentation, surgery, and postoperative period.

Quality of life, social support, and pathways of care among persons with psychiatric disorders-A cross-sectional study.

Background: Patients with psychiatric disorders have varied psychosocial realities embedded in the community context. Help-seeking behavior is extremely crucial in determining the prognosis and outcome of interventions.

Objectives: (1) To assess the levels of quality of life, perceived social support, and decision to first seek help.

Deep Normative Tractometry for Identifying Joint White Matter Macro- and Micro-structural Abnormalities in Alzheimer's Disease.

This study introduces the Deep Normative Tractometry (DNT) framework, that encodes the joint distribution of both macrostructural and microstructural profiles of the brain white matter tracts through a variational autoencoder (VAE). By training on data from healthy controls, DNT learns the normative distribution of tract data, and can delineate along-tract micro-and macro-structural abnormalities. Leveraging a large sample size via generative pre-training, we assess DNT's generalizability using transfer learning on data from an independent cohort acquired in India.

Generation of induced pluripotent stem cell line, NIMHi009-A, from PBMCs of an adult healthy male.

Human induced pluripotent stem cells provide an exceptional platform for studying pathogenesis in vitro. We, therefore, have generated and characterized human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line NIMHi009-A derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy adult male control for an epileptic patient carrying voltage gated sodium channel mutation, using Sendai virus-based reprogramming. The generated iPSCs express pluripotency genes and can spontaneously differentiate into three germ layers.

Marriage in persons with severe mental illness: A narrative review-based framework for a supported relationship.

Background: Studies in the past have shown the effect of mental illness on marriage in persons with severe mental illnesses (SMIs). Primary care and family physicians have a major role in addressing marriage-associated dilemmas in their life.

Methods: The literature search was conducted from databases such as PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCO, Scopus, and Google Scholar for understanding the context and the problem in-depth for bringing out the narrative-review based framework for addressing the dilemmas.

Global Perceptions and Utilization of Clinical Neurophysiology in Movement Disorders.

Background: Clinical neurophysiology (CNP) involves the use of neurophysiological techniques to make an accurate clinical diagnosis, to quantify the severity, and to measure the treatment response. Despite several studies showing CNP to be a useful diagnostic tool in Movement Disorders (MD), its more widespread utilization in clinical practice has been limited.

Objectives: To better understand the current availability, global perceptions, and challenges for implementation of diagnostic CNP in the clinical practice of MD.

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders in India: A population-based study.

Introduction: Schizophrenia spectrum disorders represent a significant global health concern, contributing significantly to the global burden of disease. The National Mental Health Survey (NMHS) of India, conducted between 2015 and 2016, investigated the prevalence and epidemiological correlates of schizophrenia spectrum disorders in India.

Materials And Methods: The NMHS conducted a population-based cross-sectional study in 12 Indian states from 2015 to 2016, encompassing 34,802 adults.

Treatment gap for mental and behavioral disorders in Punjab.

Background And Aims: There is no data on the treatment gap and health care utilization for mental disorders from Punjab. The present study reports on the same by using the data collected during the National Mental Health Survey.

Settings And Design: Multisite, multistage, stratified, random cluster sampling study conducted in four districts, namely Faridkot, Moga, Patiala, and Ludhiana (for urban metro areas).

A bird's eye view of the mental health systems in India.

Background: A staggering 85% of the global population resides in low- and middle-income countries (LAMICs). India stands as an exemplary pioneer in the realm of mental health initiatives among LAMICs, having launched its National Mental Health Program in 1982. It is imperative to effectively evaluate mental health systems periodically to cultivate a dynamic learning model sustained through continuous feedback from mental healthcare structures and processes.

Profiling Kinase Activities for Precision Oncology in Diffuse Gastric Cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. This is due to the fact that majority of the cases of GC are diagnosed at an advanced stage when the treatment options are limited and prognosis is poor. The diffuse subtype of gastric cancer (DGC) under Lauren's classification is more aggressive and usually occurs in younger patients than the intestinal subtype.

Free water imaging in Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonian disorders.

Background: Free water (FW)-corrected diffusion measures are more precise compared to standard diffusion measures. This study comprehensively evaluates FW and corrected diffusion metrics for whole brain white and deep gray matter (WM, GM) structures in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) and attempts to ascertain the probable patterns of WM abnormalities.

Method: Diffusion MRI was acquired for subjects with PD (n = 133), MSA (n = 25), PSP (n = 30) and matched healthy controls (HC) (n = 99, n = 24, n = 12).

Valproate-induced hyperammonemia, neuroleptic sensitivity, and cerebellar atrophy-A clinical conundrum in the management of bipolar disorder.

Objective: Treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) involves complexities especially when patients come with significant sensitivity to various psychotropic medications and comorbidities. The following cases aim to recapitulate and discuss some of such situations.

Cases: Case 1: A 36-year-old man with intellectual development disorder and BD experienced catatonia, seizures, and hyperammonemia following valproate administration.

Health and Lifestyle Issues among Youth: A Record Analysis of Contributing Factors among Beneficiaries Attending Youth Mental Health Promotion Clinics (Yuva Spandana Kendras) in Karnataka, India.

Background: Youth are consideren to be most vulnerable to health and lifestyle issues (HLS) in India. The current study aims to investigate the factors that contribute to health and lifestyle issues among youth attending mental health promotion clinics (YMHP) in Karnataka.

Method: Three-year first-visit data from beneficiaries (aged 15-35 years) attending YMHP clinics in Karnataka between 2017 and 2020 were analyzed.

Profiles of Victimized Outpatients with Severe Mental Illness in India.

Persons with severe mental illness (PwSMI) are at risk of being victimized due to persistent cognitive, emotional, and behavioral symptoms, which can become potential threats for effective reintegration into the community. A total of 217 PwSMI, receiving outpatient psychiatric treatment from a tertiary hospital, were screened for abuse, and if they were identified as abuse, then information about contextual factors contributing to abuse, sociodemographic, family, and clinical and legal profiles was created. Overall, 150 PwSMI were victimized, of which 56% were females, 50.