Cognitive and Behavioral Profile of Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Spectrum in the Indian Context.

Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by motor, cognitive, and behavioral impairment. There is a paucity of evidence about the cognitive/behavioral features of ALS patients from India. We aimed to investigate the cognitive/behavioral profile of ALS spectrum disorders in the Indian context.

Clinical and Genetic Heterogeneity of Nuclear Envelopathy Related Muscular Dystrophies in an Indian Cohort.

Introduction: Nuclear envelopathies occur due to structural and/or functional defects in various nuclear envelope proteins such as lamin A/C and lamin related proteins. This study is the first report on the phenotype-genotype patterns of nuclear envelopathy-related muscular dystrophies from India.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we have described patients with genetically confirmed muscular dystrophy associated with nuclear envelopathy.

Large-scale analysis of structural brain asymmetries during neurodevelopment: Associations with age and sex in 4265 children and adolescents.

Only a small number of studies have assessed structural differences between the two hemispheres during childhood and adolescence. However, the existing findings lack consistency or are restricted to a particular brain region, a specific brain feature, or a relatively narrow age range. Here, we investigated associations between brain asymmetry and age as well as sex in one of the largest pediatric samples to date (n = 4265), aged 1-18 years, scanned at 69 sites participating in the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) consortium.

Perspectives of smokers, smokeless tobacco users and cessation practitioners in India: A qualitative study.

Introduction: India is the second largest consumer of tobacco in the world and accounts for 70% of global deaths due to smokeless tobacco (SLT) use.

Aim: The aim of this study is to understand the perspectives of tobacco users (smokers and SLT users) and practitioners in India to inform cessation interventions.

Method: Semi-structured in-depth interviews with tobacco users (smoked and smokeless; n=23), and healthcare practitioners (n=13).

Nurture clinic: Promoting mental health of children and adolescents.

Background: Nurses play an important role in multidisciplinary teams while treating children and adolescents with mental health issues. Nurses should recognize and capitalize on the client's and family's strengths as they develop interventions, provide education, and refer to resources as appropriate.

Materials And Methods: It is a mixed-method research, with an initial qualitative phase of obtaining data by in-depth interviews of parents on caring for children and adolescents with mental illness followed by quantitative assessment of the level of care dependency and implementation of need-based nursing interventions to the children and adolescents with mental illness.

Restoration of sleep-wake behavior following short photoperiod exposure in ventral subicular lesioned male Wistar rats: A 24-h sleep-wake electroencephalographical study.

The ventral subiculum regulates emotion, stress responses, and spatial and social cognition. In our previous studies, we have demonstrated anxiety- and depression-like symptoms, deficits in spatial and social cognition in ventral subicular lesioned (VSL) rats, and restoration of affective and cognitive behaviors following photoperiod manipulation (short photoperiod regime, SPR; 6:18 LD cycle). In the present study, we have studied the impact of VSL on sleep-wake behavioral patterns and the effect of SPR on sleep-wakefulness behavior.

α-Linolenic Acid Vesicles-Mediated Tau Internalization in Microglia.

In Alzheimer's disease, the synaptic loss is prominent due to the accumulation of Amyloid βeta (Aβ) protein in synapses, which affect neurotransmission, and thus ultimately causes neuronal loss. Tau, a microtubule-associated protein, is a vital protein of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in AD. Along with the accumulation of aberrant proteins, glial cells, mainly astrocytes and microglia, play a major role in impairing neuronal network.

Extracranial pressure (ECP) monitoring in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI): A prospective study validating intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) measurement for predicting intracranial pressure (ICP).

Background: Intracranial pressure (ICP)--guided therapy is the standard of care in the management of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Ideal ICP monitoring technique is not yet available, based on its risks associated with bleeding, infection, or its unavailability at major centers. Authors propose that ICP can be gauged based on measuring pressures of other anatomical cavities, for example, the abdominal cavity.

Phenotype-Genotype Correlation of a Cohort of Patients with Congenital Myopathy: A Single Centre Experience from India.

Background: Congenital myopathies (CMs) are a diverse group of inherited muscle disorders with broad genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity. While the literature on CM is available from European countries, comprehensive data from the Indian subcontinent is lacking.

Objectives: This study aims to describe the clinical and histopathological characteristics of a cohort of genetically confirmed CMs from India and attempts to do phenotype-genotype correlation.

Surgical outcomes of trigonal intraventricular meningiomas: a single-centre study.

Trigonal meningiomas are rare intraventricular tumours that present a surgical challenge. There is no consensus on the optimal surgical approach to these lesions, though the transtemporal and transparietal approaches are most frequently employed. We aimed to examine the approach-related morbidity and surgical nuances in treating trigonal meningiomas.

G-protein coupled receptors regulates Tauopathy in neurodegeneration.

In Alzheimer's disease, the microtubule-associated protein, Tau misfolds to form aggregates and filaments in the intra- and extracellular region of neuronal cells. Microglial cells are the resident brain macrophage cells involved in constant surveillance and activated by the extracellular deposits. Purinergic receptors are involved in the chemotactic migration of microglial cells towards the site of inflammation.

The crosstalk between extracellular matrix proteins and Tau.

Alzheimer's disease is progressive neurodegenerative disease characterize by the presence of extracellular accumulation of amyloid-β plaques and intracellular deposits of neurofibrillary tangles of Tau. Apart from axonal depositions pathological aggregated Tau protein is known to secrete into extracellular spaces and propagate through seeding mechanism. Microglia, the immune cells of the brain display modest ability to internalize the extracellular Tau and degrade it through endolysosomal pathway.

evaluation of antifungal combinations against neurotropic dematiaceous fungi associated with primary cerebral phaeohyphomycosis.

Primary cerebral phaeohyphomycosis is a life-threatening disease caused by neurotropic dematiaceous fungi. At present, there are no consensus guidelines regarding optimal antifungal therapy in such cases. Generally, a combination of antifungal agents is recommended for treatment.

The Pregnancy Tele-yoga Module to Combat Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Associated with Pregnancy: An Exploratory Open-label Multicentric Study.

Purpose: Untreated stress, anxiety, and depression during the perinatal period can lead to adverse maternal and infant outcomes. Yoga, the practice of body-mind-spirit techniques has been shown to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression.

Aims: The aim of the study was to examine the feasibility and limited efficacy of the 4-week practice of pregnancy tele-yoga module (PTYM) delivered and monitored through an online platform.

Huge hydrocephalus: a rare case series with insights into management and outcomes of this neglected cohort.

Purpose: This study aims to discuss the management challenges of huge hydrocephalus (HH), a severe subset of hydrocephalus, presenting predominantly in underprivileged backgrounds. Insights into the condition's characteristics, factors affecting outcomes, and associated morbidity are discussed.

Methods: A retrospective review of all operated cases of hydrocephalus with head circumference greater than body length (HC>L) was conducted (January 2019-January 2023).

Work environment adversity and non-communicable Disease risk among drivers working for application-based-cab-aggregators in an Indian metropolis : Assessment of work environment adversity and its association with ncd risk factors among application based cab aggregators in Bengaluru, India: a cross sectional study.

Background: Bengaluru, a metropolis in Southern India, is one of the largest markets for cab aggregator companies. Drivers working for these companies play a vital role in urban transportation but unlike other drivers, their work pattern is stressful, which could increase their proneness to NCD risk factors. Understanding associations between work environment adversity and NCD risk factors among these drivers will help to plan specific health promotion and NCD prevention programs including provision of basic occupational health services.

Association between impulsivity and depressive symptoms in recently detoxified patients with alcohol dependence.

Background: Depression and impulsivity are etiologically linked to alcohol dependence (AD) and are known to affect course and outcomes. The relationship between impulsivity and depressive symptoms has been investigated only in a few studies of individuals with AD.

Aim: This study aimed to explore the association between impulsivity and depressive symptoms in patients with AD.

Proxy consultations for severe mental illnesses: An exploratory cross-sectional study from a tertiary care hospital.

Background: Non-adherence to medication leading to a break in continuity of care poses significant challenges in severe mental illness (SMI), leading to poor outcomes. In India, proxy consultation, wherein caregivers consult on behalf of patients, is a commonly adopted but insufficiently researched area to address these challenges.

Aims: To explore the extent of proxy consultation in outpatient care of persons with SMI and investigate its sociodemographic and clinical correlates.