Consensus review and considerations on TMS to treat depression: A comprehensive update endorsed by the National Network of Depression Centers, the Clinical TMS Society, and the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology.

This article updates the prior 2018 consensus statement by the National Network of Depression Centers (NNDC) on the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the treatment of depression, incorporating recent research and clinical developments. Publications on TMS and depression between September 2016 and April 2024 were identified using methods informed by PRISMA guidelines. The NNDC Neuromodulation Work Group met monthly between October 2022 and April 2024 to define important clinical topics and review pertinent literature.

Magnetic resonance imaging in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: deciphering the pattern of muscle involvement.

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) constitute a group of immune-mediated disorders, affecting muscles. Our study aims to investigate the specific patterns of muscle involvement in subgroups of IIM. An ambispective and observational study was conducted.

C19orf12 gene variants causing mitochondrial membrane protein-associated neurodegeneration (MPAN).

Mitochondrial membrane protein-associated neurodegeneration (MPAN) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by spastic paraplegia, parkinsonism and psychiatric and/or behavioral symptoms caused by variants in gene encoding chromosome-19 open reading frame-12 (C19orf12). We present here seven patients from six unrelated families with detailed clinical, radiological, and genetic investigations. Childhood-onset patients predominantly had a spastic ataxic phenotype with optic atrophy, while adult-onset patients were presented with cognitive, behavioral, and parkinsonian symptoms.

Temporal dynamics of affective scene processing in the healthy adult human brain.

Understanding how the brain distinguishes emotional from neutral scenes is crucial for advancing brain-computer interfaces, enabling real-time emotion detection for faster, more effective responses, and improving treatments for emotional disorders like depression and anxiety. However, inconsistent research findings have arisen from differences in study settings, such as variations in the time windows, brain regions, and emotion categories examined across studies. This review sought to compile the existing literature on the timing at which the adult brain differentiates basic affective from neutral scenes in less than one second, as previous studies have consistently shown that the brain can begin recognizing emotions within just a few milliseconds.

Face pareidolia minimally engages macaque face selective neurons.

The macaque cerebral cortex contains concentrations of neurons that prefer faces over inanimate objects. Although these so-called face patches are thought to be specialized for the analysis of facial signals, their exact tuning properties remain unclear. For example, what happens when an object by chance resembles a face? Everyday objects can sometimes, through the accidental positioning of their internal components, appear as faces.

Enhancing Access to Mental Health Services for Antepartum and Postpartum Women Through Telemental Health Services at Wellbeing Centers in Selected Health Facilities in Bangladesh: Implementation Research.

Background: Globally, 10% of pregnant women and 13% of postpartum women experience mental disorders. In Bangladesh, nearly 50% of mothers face common mental disorders, but mental health services and trained professionals to serve their needs are scarce. To address this, the government of Bangladesh's Non-Communicable Disease Control program initiated "Wellbeing Centers," telemental health services in selected public hospitals.

Molecular basis of proton sensing by G protein-coupled receptors.

Three proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)-GPR4, GPR65, and GPR68-respond to extracellular pH to regulate diverse physiology. How protons activate these receptors is poorly understood. We determined cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of each receptor to understand the spatial arrangement of proton-sensing residues.

Learnings From an Audit of Anesthesia Information Management System for Neurosurgery Operating Room Utilization.

Background: An anesthesia information management system (AIMS) can be used to assess operating room utilization. The aim of this study was to assess neurosurgery OR utilization patterns using an AIMS.

Methods: This retrospective audit was performed at a tertiary neurosciences university hospital over a 1-year period.

P300 Event-Related Potential: A Surrogate Marker of Cognitive Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease Patients with Psychosis.

Background And Objectives: Psychosis is one of the major neuropsychiatric non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Prolonged latency and decreased amplitude of the P300 event-related potential (ERP) is a potential neurophysiologic biomarker of deeper neurocognitive deficits in PD. We aimed to characterize electroencephalogram (EEG)/ERP parameters in PD patients with and without psychosis (PDP and PDNP, respectively), and to determine if such measures could act as endophenotypes for PD-associated psychosis (PDP).

Distributed Cortical Regions for the Recall of People, Places, and Objects.

The human medial parietal cortex (MPC) is recruited during multiple cognitive processes. Previously, we demonstrated regions specific to recall of people or places and proposed that the functional organization of MPC mirrors the category selectivity defining the medial-lateral axis of the ventral-temporal cortex (VTC). However, prior work considered recall of people and places only, and VTC also shows object selectivity sandwiched between face- and scene-selective regions.

Development and Evaluation in Rat and Monkey of a Candidate Homochiral Radioligand for PET Studies of Brain Receptor Interacting Protein Kinase 1: [F]()-1-(5-(3-Fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1-pyrazol-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropan-1-one.

Receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) crucially upregulates necroptosis and is a key driver of inflammation. An effective PET radioligand for imaging brain RIPK1 would be useful for further exploring the role of this enzyme in neuroinflammation and for assisting drug discovery. Here, we report our progress on developing a PET radioligand for RIPK1 based on the phenyl-1-dihydropyrazole skeleton of a lead RIPK1 inhibitor, GSK'963.

Quadrigeminal arachnoid cyst: Factors affecting outcomes and complications in a large series of cases.

Purpose: Arachnoid cysts constitute approximately 1 % of intracranial mass lesions, with quadrigeminal cistern arachnoid cysts being 5-18 % of those. This study presents a series of 31 cases of quadrigeminal cistern arachnoid cysts, constituting the most extensive series reported to date.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 31 patients diagnosed with quadrigeminal cistern arachnoid cysts, focusing on clinical presentation, demographics, treatment approaches, and outcomes.

Response to clozapine and its predictors in treatment-resistant schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A retrospective chart review.

The response rate to clozapine in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia spectrum disorders (TRSS) is around 40 %. But, in general, a better prognosis is noted for schizophrenia in developing countries, including India. Given the scarcity of related literature from India, this study aimed to evaluate the response rates to clozapine in TRSS and explore predictors of response.

Reorganization of central auditory pathways in vestibular schwannoma: a diffusion tensor imaging study.

Purpose: Objective information about the central auditory pathways in vestibular schwannoma can guide strategies for hearing rehabilitation and prognostication. This study aims to generate this information using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Methods: This is a prospective observational single center study including 35 patients with vestibular schwannoma and 40 controls.

Relative effectiveness of antidepressant treatments in treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

This systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) sought to compare different antidepressant treatments for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in order to facilitate evidence-based choices. A literature search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase from inception until April 13th, 2023 identified randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) of adults with depression who had not responded to at least two antidepressant trials; all RCTs had ≥10 participants per study arm, and participants with bipolar or psychotic depression were excluded. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool-2 was used to assess study quality.

Revealing connectivity patterns of deep brain stimulation efficacy in Parkinson's disease.

The aim of this work was to study the effect of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) on the subnetwork of subcortical and cortical motor regions and on the whole brain connectivity using the functional connectivity analysis in Parkinson's disease (PD). The high-density source space EEG was acquired and analyzed in 43 PD subjects in DBS on and DBS off stimulation states (off medication) during a cognitive-motor task. Increased high gamma band (50-100 Hz) connectivity within subcortical regions and between subcortical and cortical motor regions was significantly associated with the Movement Disorders Society - Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) III improvement after DBS.

Microstructural mapping of neural pathways in Alzheimer's disease using macrostructure-informed normative tractometry.

Introduction: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is sensitive to the microstructural properties of brain tissues and shows great promise in detecting the effects of degenerative diseases. However, many approaches analyze single measures averaged over regions of interest without considering the underlying fiber geometry.

Methods: We propose a novel macrostructure-informed normative tractometry (MINT) framework to investigate how white matter (WM) microstructure and macrostructure are jointly altered in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.

Caregivers' experiences, challenges, and needs in caring for people with dementia in India: a scoping review.

Background: As the world's most populous country, India faces a growing challenge in addressing dementia, in which advancing age remains the strongest risk factor. Approximately 8.8 million Indians over the age of 60 are currently affected by this condition.

Pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas- a prospective observational study from a tertiary care neurosurgical center.

Introduction: Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) in children comprises 80% of brainstem gliomas. In 2021, 5th edition of WHO CNS tumor classification defined H3K27M altered diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) which replaced this entity. Lesion location precludes resection and the only current option available is radiotherapy.