Northern Scandinavian mountains supported by a low-grade eclogitic crustal keel.

Plate tectonics predicts that mountain ranges form by tectono-magmatic processes at plate boundaries, but high topography is often observed along passive margins far from any plate boundary. The high topography of the Scandes range at the Atlantic coast of Fennoscandia is traditionally assumed isostatically supported by variation in crustal density and thickness. Here we demonstrate, by our Silverroad seismic profile, that the constantly ~44 km thick crust instead is homogenous above the Moho, and Pn-velocity abruptly change from 7.

Discovery of potent antiosteoporotic cyclic depsipeptides with an unusual nitrile hydroxy acid from Microascus croci.

Two cyclic octadepsipeptides, microascusins A and B (1 and 2), were identified from the marine sponge-associated Microascus croci IMB19-064 co-cultivated with Escherichia coli. Their structures and conformations in solution were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis. The absolute configurations of amino and hydroxy acids were determined by the advanced Marfey's and O-Marfey's methods, respectively, as well as chiral-phase HPLC analysis.

First evidence of molecular response of the shrimp Hippolyte inermis to biodegradable microplastics.

The increasing demand for sustainable alternatives to conventional plastics has propelled the interest in bioplastics. A few papers reported on the effects of plastics on crustaceans, but no indication about biodegradable polymers is available. Hippolyte inermis Leach, 1816 is a protandric shrimp commonly living on leaves of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica, in the Mediterranean Sea.

Didemnins as marine-derived anticancer agents: mechanistic insights and clinical potential.

Didemnins, a class of cyclic depsipeptides derived from marine organisms exhibit notable anticancer properties. Among them, Didemnin B has been extensively researched for its strong antitumor activity and progression to clinical trials. Nonetheless, its clinical application has been impeded by challenges like poor bioavailability and dose-limiting toxicity.

Examining Truth Regimes Reveals How Local Communities View Flooding and River Management in the Lower Missouri River Basin, USA.

Riverine flooding is increasing in frequency and intensity, requiring river management agencies to consider new approaches to working with communities on flood mitigation planning. Communication and information sharing between agencies and communities is complex, and mistrust and misinformation arise quickly when communities perceive that they are excluded from planning. Subsequently, riverfront community members create narratives that can be examined as truth regimes-truths created and repeated that indicate how flooding and its causes are understood, represented, and discussed within their communities-to explain why flooding occurs in their area.

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Human Health: A Key to Modern Nutritional Balance in Association with Polyphenolic Compounds from Food Sources.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are vital dietary elements that play a significant role in human nutrition. They are highly regarded for their positive contributions to overall health and well-being. Beyond the fact that they provide a substantial supply of energy to the body (a role that saturated fats can also perform), these unsaturated fatty acids and, especially, the essential ones are involved in cell membrane structure, blood pressure regulation, and coagulation; participate in the proper functioning of the immune system and assimilation of fat-soluble vitamins; influence the synthesis of pro- and anti-inflammatory substances; and protect the cardiovascular system.

The Influence of Process Parameters on Hydrogen-Terminated Diamond and the Enhancement of Carrier Mobility.

With the development of diamond technology, its application in the field of electronics has become a new research hotspot. Hydrogen-terminated diamond has the electrical properties of P-type conduction due to the formation of two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) on its surface. However, due to various scattering mechanisms on the surface, its carrier mobility is limited to 50-200 cm/(Vs).

Formation of Adaptive Trophic Niches of Euryphagous Fish Species in Response to Off-Seasonal Water Level Regulation in Hongze Lake.

Off-seasonal water level regulations disrupt the biological traits and phenological rhythms of native fish species, yet their impacts on interspecific trophic interactions remain understudied. This study employed stable isotope analysis to assess the trophic dynamics of three fish species (, , and ) across different water periods in Hongze Lake. The findings revealed that all three species occupied similar mid-level trophic positions, with no significant difference among water periods ( > 0.

Evolutionary dynamics of mitochondrial genomes and intracellular transfers among diploid and allopolyploid cotton species.

Background: Plant mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) exhibit extensive structural variation yet extremely low nucleotide mutation rates, phenomena that remain only partially understood. The genus Gossypium, a globally important source of cotton, offers a wealth of long-read sequencing resources to explore mitogenome and plastome variation and dynamics accompanying the evolutionary divergence of its approximately 50 diploid and allopolyploid species.

Results: Here, we assembled 19 mitogenomes from Gossypium species, representing all genome groups (diploids A through G, K, and the allopolyploids AD) based on a uniformly applied strategy.

Suboxic waters of the eastern Arabian Sea shelter secondary chlorophyll maximum dominated by heterotrophic dinoflagellate Pronoctiluca spp. (order Noctilucales).

In the present study, we investigated the dinoflagellate assemblages in the upper water column (< 150-m depth), focusing on the suboxic waters of the eastern Arabian Sea (EAS) along 68°E from 8°N to 21°N during the southwest monsoon 2020 (SWM-2020). Dinoflagellate abundance was higher in the upper water column (0-80-m depth, mean ± SD = 411 ± 903 cells L) compared to deeper waters (80-150-m depth, mean ± SD = 128 ± 216 cells L). Among 11 identified taxonomic dinoflagellate orders, Peridinales were predominant in the upper waters column (71%, mean ± SD = 285 ± 858 cells L).

Assessing cropping system dynamics over three decades: remote sensing and GIS insights in Murshidabad-Jiaganj Block.

Agriculture is a significant contributor to the country's economic development. We used multiple Landsat images from 1990 to 2021 in the Murshidabad-Jiaganj Block to assess changes in the agricultural system and their underlying causes. The Rabi season saw a 10.

Will climate warming amplify the effects of a range-expanding marine predator?

The effects of climate warming on the distribution of range-expanding species are well documented, but the interactive effects of climate warming and range-expanding species on recipient communities remain understudied. With climate warming, range-expanding species may threaten local biodiversity due to their relatively stronger competitive or predatory effects on potentially weakened, or less well-adapted recipient communities. Acanthinucella spirata is a predatory marine gastropod that has expanded its distribution north along the California coast since the Pleistocene via a poleward range shift, tracking climatic warming.

Co-infection of nervous necrosis virus and Vibrio harveyi increased mortality and worsened the disease severity in the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides).

Co-infections of different pathogenic microorganisms usually cause complex effects, and receive more attention. Red-grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) and Vibrio are the common viral and bacterial pathogens of fish, and are often detected simultaneously in diseased fish. However, the understanding of co-infection of RGNNV and Vibrio is still unclear.

Microplastic pollution in the marine environment: Distribution factors and mitigation strategies in different oceans.

As the COVID-19 pandemic began in 2020, plastic usage spiked, and microplastic (MP) generation has increased dramatically. It is documented that MP can transfer from the source to the ocean environment where they accumulate as the destination. Therefore, it is essential to understand their transferring pathways and effective environmental factors to determine the distribution of MPs in the marine environment.

Influence of temperature on growth and reproduction of keystone species, Crangon hakodatei (Caridea, Crangonidae) in the East Sea of Korea.

The rapid rise in temperature due to climate change has raised concerns about its impact on the keystone species Crangon hakodatei in the East Sea of Korea. However, no studies have examined the population characteristics of C. hakodatei or its response to temperature change along the coast.

Determining chlorophyll-a thresholds for characterizing algal bloom conditions: An ocean colour remote sensing approach.

The Indian coast has been experiencing an increase in algal bloom events over the decades. Owing to the regional and seasonal dynamics of algal biomass (proxy: chlorophyll-a, hereafter chl-a), a multitude of thresholds of chl-a has been defined for different parts of the global seas to determine algal bloom conditions. However, no such clear definition is given for the Indian coastal waters.

Tetrameric PilZ protein stabilizes stator ring in complex flagellar motor and is required for motility in .

Rotation of the bacterial flagellum, the first identified biological rotary machine, is driven by its stator units. Knowledge gained about the function of stator units has increasingly led to studies of rotary complexes in different cellular pathways. Here, we report that a tetrameric PilZ family protein, FlgX, is a structural component underneath the stator units in the flagellar motor of .

Groundwater releases CO to diverse global coastal ecosystems.

Coastal ecosystems play a major role in marine carbon budgets, but substantial uncertainties remain in the sources and fluxes of coastal carbon dioxide (CO). Here, we assess when, where, and how submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) releases CO to shallow coastal ecosystems. Time-series observations of dissolved CO and radon (Rn, a natural groundwater tracer) across 40 coastal systems from 14 countries revealed large SGD-derived CO fluxes.

The impact of air pollution control measures and the COVID-19 pandemic on photosynthesis in urban trees.

Phytotoxic air pollutants such as atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO) are among the major stresses affecting tree photosynthesis in urban areas. We clarified the relationship between NO concentrations and photosynthetic function for three major urban trees, Prunus × yedoensis, Rhododendron pulchrum, and Ginkgo biloba, planted in Kyoto and surrounding cities, combining our published data and new data collected from 2020 to 2023. High NO increased long-term water use efficiency for all species.

Comparative study of the variability of the phytoplankton biomass in two upwelling zones of the western Arabian Sea from 2003 to 2020.

This study investigates the monthly and interannual variations in chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations in the Oman and Somalia upwelling zones using satellite data from 2003 to 2020. Bivariate Wavelet Coherence (BWC) and Multiple Wavelet Coherence (MWC) analyses were applied to identify the key factors influencing Chl-a concentration changes. The results show that Ekman pumping and Ekman transport induced by the southwest monsoon are crucial for phytoplankton blooms along the coast and offshore in both upwelling zones.

The Dynamics of Symbiodiniaceae and Photosynthetic Bacteria Under High-Temperature Conditions.

Coral thermal tolerance is intimately linked to their symbiotic relationships with photosynthetic microorganisms. However, the potential compensatory role of symbiotic photosynthetic bacteria in supporting Symbiodiniaceae photosynthesis under extreme summer temperatures remains largely unexplored. Here, we examined the seasonal variations in Symbiodiniaceae and photosynthetic bacterial community structures in Pavona decussata corals from Weizhou Island, Beibu Gulf, China, with particular emphasis on the role of photosynthetic bacteria under elevated temperature conditions.

Predictive Methods and Probabilistic Mapping of Subcortical Brain Components in Fossil Carnivora.

Paleoneurology reconstructs the evolutionary history of nervous systems through direct observations from the fossil record and comparative data from extant species. Although this approach can provide direct evidence of phylogenetic links among species, it is constrained by the availability and quality of data that can be gleaned from the fossil record. Here, we sought to translate brain component relationships in a sample of extant Carnivora to make inferences about brain structure in fossil species.

Conservation benefits of a large marine protected area network that spans multiple ecosystems.

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are widely implemented tools for long-term ocean conservation and resource management. Assessments of MPA performance have largely focused on specific ecosystems individually and have rarely evaluated performance across multiple ecosystems either in an individual MPA or across an MPA network. We evaluated the conservation performance of 59 MPAs in California's large MPA network, which encompasses 4 primary ecosystems (surf zone, kelp forest, shallow reef, deep reef) and 4 bioregions, and identified MPA attributes that best explain performance.

Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) as a tool to uncover neglected marine biodiversity: two new Solenogastres (Mollusca, Aplacophora) from the Gulf of Mexico.

Solenogastres is a group of mollusks with evolutionary and ecological importance. Nevertheless, their diversity is underestimated and knowledge about the distribution of the approximately 300 formally described species is limited. Factors that contribute to this include their small size and frequent misidentification by non-specialists.

Migration of primordial germ cells and their relationship of PGCs with sex development in transgenic germline-specific fluorescent freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare).

Primordial germ cells (PGCs), the progenitors of gametes, are essential for teleost reproduction. While their formation is conserved across teleosts, the activation, migration routes, and localization periods vary among species. In this study, we developed a novel transgenic line, Tg(ddx4:TcCFP13-nanos3), based on the Nile tilapia genome, to label PGCs with clear fluorescent signals in the freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare).