Deciphering the Sulfur-Involved Bonding Interactions in Sulfurized Polyacrylonitrile: The Formation Thermodynamics and the Roles in Electrochemical Characteristics.

Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) exhibits a very high cycle stability by overcoming the shuttle effect of conventional Li-S batteries. However, there are still controversies in SPAN about the bonding types of sulfur with the matrix, their critical synthesis temperature regions, and their roles in the electrochemical lithium storage reaction, seriously hindering the economical synthesis of SPAN, the optimization of performances, and the exploration of other SPAN-like alternatives. The key to solving the above problems lies in accurate measurements of the thermodynamic evolution of bonding interactions in the synthesis process as well as in the electrochemical process.

Methane emissions from the Nord Stream subsea pipeline leaks.

The amount of methane released to the atmosphere from the Nord Stream subsea pipeline leaks remains uncertain, as reflected in a wide range of estimates. A lack of information regarding the temporal variation in atmospheric emissions has made it challenging to reconcile pipeline volumetric (bottom-up) estimates with measurement-based (top-down) estimates. Here we simulate pipeline rupture emission rates and integrate these with methane dissolution and sea-surface outgassing estimates to model the evolution of atmospheric emissions from the leaks.

Illuminating the multidimensional contributions of small-scale fisheries.

Sustainable development aspires to "leave no one behind". Even so, limited attention has been paid to small-scale fisheries (SSF) and their importance in eradicating poverty, hunger and malnutrition. Through a collaborative and multidimensional data-driven approach, we have estimated that SSF provide at least 40% (37.

Delayed onset of ocean acidification in the Gulf of Maine.

The Gulf of Maine holds significant ecological and economic value for fisheries and communities in north-eastern North America. However, there is apprehension regarding its vulnerability to the effects of increasing atmospheric CO. Substantial recent warming and the inflow of low alkalinity waters into the Gulf of Maine have raised concerns about the impact of ocean acidification on resident marine calcifiers (e.

Continuous monitoring and comparative genetic analysis of attached outbreak species of Ulva prolifera in the Southern Yellow Sea.

With years of green tide outbreaks in the Southern Yellow Sea (SYS) and climate change, early findings over multiple years suggest that the green tide may originate from various pathways. Previous studies have identified attached outbreak species of U. prolifera in the intertidal zone along the SYS coast.

Dissimilatory nitrate reduction pathways drive high nitrous oxide emissions and nitrogen retention under the flash drought in the largest freshwater lake in China.

Flash drought (FD) events induced by climate change may disrupt the normal hydrological regimes of floodplain lakes and affect the plant-microbe mediated dissimilatory nitrate reduction (DNR), i.e., denitrification, anammox and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), thus having important consequences for nitrous oxide (NO) emissions and nitrogen (N) retention.

Direct lysine dimethylation of IRF3 by the methyltransferase SMYD3 attenuates antiviral innate immunity.

Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is the key transcription factor in the type I IFN signaling pathway, whose activation is regulated by multiple posttranslational modifications. Here, we identify SMYD3, a lysine methyltransferase, as a negative regulator of IRF3. SMYD3 interacts with IRF3 and catalyzes the dimethylation of IRF3 at lysine 39.

Identifying Predictors of Extended Intensive Care Unit Stay Following Posterior Spinal Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: An Analysis of 101 ACS NSQIP Pediatric Participating Centers.

Background: While prolonged operative time and increased levels fused have been shown to increase the risk of prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) length-of-stay (LOS), studies are limited in guiding decision-making regarding the need for intensive care postoperatively. This is especially the case among the cohort of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion (PSF); associations between comorbidities and ICU LOS are not well-delineated.

Methods: AIS patients who underwent PSF from January 1st, 2016 to December 1st, 2016 at 101 participating centers were identified using the American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Im-provement Project (NSQIP) Pediatric database.

Modeling bacterial interactions uncovers the importance of outliers in the coastal lignin-degrading consortium.

Lignin, as the abundant carbon polymer, is essential for carbon cycle and biorefinery. Microorganisms interact to form communities for lignin biodegradation, yet it is a challenge to understand such complex interactions. Here, we develop a coastal lignin-degrading bacterial consortium (LD), through "top-down" enrichment.

Chromosome-level reference genome and annotation of the Arctic fish Anisarchus medius.

Anisarchus medius (Reinhardt, 1837) is a widely distributed Arctic fish, serving as an indicator of climate change impacts on coastal Arctic ecosystems. This study presents a chromosome-level genome assembly for A. medius using PacBio sequencing and Hi-C technology.

Emergence of the North Pacific heat storage pattern delayed by decadal wind-driven redistribution.

Storage of anthropogenic heat in the oceans is spatially inhomogeneous, impacting regional climates and human societies. Climate models project enhanced heat storage in the mid-latitude North Pacific (MNP) and much weaker storage in the tropical Pacific. However, the observed heat storage during the past half-century shows a more complex pattern, with limited warming in the MNP and enhanced warming in the northwest tropical Pacific.

Degenerated vision, altered lipid metabolism, and expanded chemoreceptor repertoires enable Lindaspio polybranchiata to thrive in deep-sea cold seeps.

Background: Lindaspio polybranchiata, a member of the Spionidae family, has been reported at the Lingshui Cold Seep, where it formed a dense population around this nascent methane vent. We sequenced and assembled the genome of L. polybranchiata and performed comparative genomic analyses to investigate the genetic basis of adaptation to the deep sea.

Shallow-water mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) adapt to deep-sea environment through transcriptomic and metagenomic insights.

Recent studies have unveiled the deep sea as a rich biosphere, populated by species descended from shallow-water ancestors post-mass extinctions. Research on genomic evolution and microbial symbiosis has shed light on how these species thrive in extreme deep-sea conditions. However, early adaptation stages, particularly the roles of conserved genes and symbiotic microbes, remain inadequately understood.

Oncogenic role of RARG rearrangements in acute myeloid leukemia resembling acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) featuring retinoic acid receptor-gamma (RARG) rearrangements exhibits morphological features resembling those of acute promyelocytic leukemia but is associated with drug resistance and poor clinical outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of RARG fusions in leukemogenesis remain elusive. Here, we show that RARG fusions disrupt myeloid differentiation and promote proliferation and self-renewal of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) by upregulating BCL2 and ATF3.

Interactions between contaminants and the trophic ecology of two seabirds in a coastal lagoon of the Gulf of California.

Monitoring the dynamics of contaminants in ecosystems helps understand their potential effects. Seabirds have been used as biomonitors of marine ecosystems for this purpose. However, exposure and vulnerability to pollutants are understudied in tropical species, and the relationships between various pollutants and the trophic ecology of seabirds are poorly understood.

Mercury exposure in an endangered songbird: influence of marsh hydrology and evidence for early breeding impairment.

Songbird reproductive success can decline from consuming mercury-contaminated aquatic insects, but assessments of hydrologic conditions influencing songbird mercury exposure are lacking. We monitored breast feather total mercury (THg) concentrations and reproductive success in the U.S.

Safe Production of Rice ( L.) in Arsenic-Contaminated Soil: a Remedial Strategy using Micro-Nanostructured Bone Biochar.

This study investigated the effects of fine-sized pork bone biochar particles on remediating As-contaminated soil and alleviating associated phytotoxicity to rice in 50-day short-term and 120-day full-life-cycle pot experiments. The addition of micro-nanostructured pork bone biochar (BC) pyrolyzed at 400 and 600 °C (BC400 and BC600) significantly increased the As-treated shoot and root fresh weight by 24.4-77.

Remotely-Sensed Game Trails Are a Behavioral Footprint That Explains Patterns of Herbivore Habitat Use.

Trade-offs between food acquisition and predator avoidance shape the landscape-scale movements of herbivores. These movements create landscape features, such as game trails, which are paths that animals use repeatedly to traverse the landscape. As such, these trails integrate behavioral trade-offs over space and time.

Post-testicular spermatozoa of a marine teleost can conduct cytoplasmic and mitochondrial translation.

Translational silence of spermatozoa has long been considered the norm in animals. However, studies in mammals have shown that the mitochondrial ribosomal machinery is selectively activated during capacitation in the female reproductive tract, while cytosolic ribosomes remain inactive. Here, using quantitative proteomics in a piscine model species, we show that proteins involved in mRNA processing and cytoplasmic translation are predominantly accumulated in immature spermatozoa within the extratesticular excurrent ducts, while those related to flagellar motility are enriched in ejaculated (mature) sperm.

Changes in Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Cancer Survivors: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background: Cancer survivors face an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease, with physical inactivity after cancer treatment potentially worsening this risk.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between physical activity before and after a cancer diagnosis and the risk for heart disease.

Methods: A nationwide cohort of 269,943 cancer survivors (mean age 56.

Chronic enrichment affects nitrogen removal in tidal freshwater river and estuarine creek sediments.

Population growth in coastal areas increases nitrogen inputs to receiving waterways and degrades water quality. Wetland habitats, including floodplain forests and marshes, can be effective nitrogen sinks; however, little is known about the effects of chronic point source nutrient enrichment on sediment nitrogen removal in tidally influenced coastal systems. This study characterizes enrichment patterns in two tidal systems affected by wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) effluent and assesses the impact on habitat nitrogen removal via denitrification.

Assessment and application of tropical cyclone clustering in the South China Sea.

Accurate classification of tropical cyclone (TC) tracks is essential for evaluating and mitigating the potential disaster risks associated with TCs. In this study, three commonly used methods (K-means, Fuzzy C-Means, and Self-Organizing Maps) are assessed for clustering historical TC tracks that originated in the South China Sea from 1949 to 2023. The results show that the K-means method performs the best, while the Fuzzy C-Means and Self-Organizing Maps methods are also viable alternatives.

Tracking hydrothermal infiltration within light oil reservoirs using organic geochemical proxies in the Shunbei area of Tarim Basin in China.

Deep oil reservoirs are becoming increasingly significant fields of hydrocarbon exploration in recent decades. Hydrothermal fluid flow is deemed as a potentially crucial factor affecting the occurrence of deep oil reservoirs, such as enhancing porosity/permeability of reservoirs, accelerating oil generation and thermal cracking, and modifying organic properties of crude oils. Understanding the interplay between hydrothermal fluids and crude oils would provide useful constraints for reconstructing hydrocarbon accumulation processes and predicting the distribution patterns of crude oils.

Nutritional consistency of macroalgae across a sea ice cover gradient along the Western Antarctic Peninsula.

Sea ice can profoundly influence photosynthetic organisms by altering subsurface irradiance, but it is susceptible to changes in the climate. The patterns and timing of sea ice cover can vary on a monthly to annual timescale in small sub-regions of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). During the latter part of the 20th century, sea ice coverage significantly decreased in the WAP, a trend that aligns with warming in this area.

Low impact of Zostera marina meadows on sediment and water microbiota under brackish conditions.

Background: Zostera marina is an important ecosystem engineer influencing shallow water environments and possibly shaping the microbiota in surrounding sediments and water. Z. marina is typically found in marine systems, but it can also proliferate under brackish conditions.