Improving nutritional status of children using artificial intelligence-based mobile application postsurgery: randomised controlled trial.

Background: Malnutrition is a common problem in children postsurgery especially in low-middle-income countries. Health-based mobile apps play an important role for better nutritional status.

Methods: This is a two-arm randomised controlled trial, which was conducted at a tertiary care hospital, Rawalpindi.

2024 Statement from Asia expert operators on transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement.

Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR), also known as percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation, refers to a minimally invasive technique that replaces the pulmonary valve by delivering an artificial pulmonary prosthesis through a catheter into the diseased pulmonary valve under the guidance of X-ray and/or echocardiogram while the heart is still beating not arrested. In recent years, TPVR has achieved remarkable progress in device development, evidence-based medicine proof and clinical experience. To update the knowledge of TPVR in a timely fashion, and according to the latest research and further facilitate the standardized and healthy development of TPVR in Asia, we have updated this consensus statement.

Left atrial appendage thrombus with severe mitral stenosis: Responders and non-responders to anticoagulation.

Introduction And Objective: Mitral stenosis (MS) is one of the most frequently observed valvular heart lesions in developing countries and is due to different etiologies. The effects of anticoagulation in different types of left atrial appendage (LAA) are unknown. The current study aimed to determine the resolution of LAA thrombus on transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) after three months of optimal anticoagulation in patients with different types of LAA at baseline cardiac computed tomography of patients with severe MS.

A case of stuck mechanical Tricuspid Valve.

A 34-year-old non hypertensive, non-diabetic and ill looking weak woman came to our emergency department with shortness of breath NYHA III-IV, severe bilateral pedal edema extending up to the thighs and gross ascites. Physical examination revealed 3mm pitting ankle and leg edema and hemodynamically was stable with raised jugular venous pressure. There was a closing and opening mechanical click on Cardiac auscultation.

Exploring alternative approaches to precision medicine through genomics and artificial intelligence - a systematic review.

The core idea behind precision medicine is to pinpoint the subpopulations that differ from one another in terms of disease risk, drug responsiveness, and treatment outcomes due to differences in biology and other traits. Biomarkers are found through genomic sequencing. Multi-dimensional clinical and biological data are created using these biomarkers.

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Blood Pressure Reduction Based on Disease Control Priorities 3 in Pakistan to Manage and Control Hypertension.

Introduction: According to American Heart Association standards, hypertension is classified into three stages based on blood pressure measurements: essential hypertension, stage 1 hypertension, and stage 2 hypertension. The global target is to reduce the prevalence of high blood pressure by 25% by the year 2025. Worldwide, the prevalence of high blood pressure among men and women aged 18 and above reported to be 24% and 20%, respectively.

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Objective: To find out the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Northwest General Hospital and Research center Hayatabad, Peshawar over a duration of 15 months (December 2020 - March 2022). Every patient was tested through regular laboratory investigations.

Respiratory sequelae of dengue fever.

Dengue viral illness is endemic in many tropical countries with temperate climates. The haematological and cardiovascular sequelae of dengue are well known; however, respiratory manifestations are still an area of active medical research. We conducted a literature search on PubMed, Medline CINAHIL, EMBASE and found 64 articles on respiratory sequelae of dengue.

Early Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease by Inflammatory Biomarkers of Atherosclerosis in Patients with Angina.

Early diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with chest pain is a challenge. Currently diagnosis of CAD is confirmed by coronary angiography, which is invasive and not easily available in developing countries. Therefore, it is imperative to establish noninvasive biomarker for early diagnosis of CAD in patients with angina and determine the diagnostic accuracy of inflammatory biomarkers of atherosclerosis in comparison to angiography and correlate with severity of CAD in patients with angina.

Initial Experience in Ablation of Non-coronary Cusp PVCs by using High-density Mapping System (Rhythmia).

Idiopathic premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) most often occur under or above the semi-lunar valves from the right ventricular outflow tract and less often from the left ventricular outflow tract. Radio-frequency ablation is mostly used for patients who develop left ventricular dysfunction or intolerable symptoms. Since most of the patients are in the young age group and ablation has a high success rate with recurrence being relatively low, it can be offered to those symptomatic patients who want a definitive cure.

Effectiveness of Mobile Health Augmented Cardiac Rehabilitation (MCard) on health-related quality of life among post-acute coronary syndrome patients: A randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of Mobile health augmented Cardiac rehabilitation (MCard) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among post-acute coronary syndrome (post-ACS) patients.

Methods: At the Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology (AFIC), a tertiary care hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, a two-arm randomised controlled trial was conducted in which mobile health augmented cardiac rehabilitation (MCard) was developed and implemented on post-ACS patients from January 2019 until March 2021. The trial conforms to the CONSORT statement 2010.

Role of Vitamin D Supplementation in Improving Cytokine Profile in Patients of Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Sub endothelial infarcts leads to non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. Proinflammatory cytokines are raised in serum, the severity of which is a poor prognostic sign. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among patients of ACS.

Effectiveness of Mobile Health Augmented Cardiac Rehabilitation on Behavioural Outcomes among Post-acute Coronary Syndrome Patients: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of mobile health augmented cardiac rehabilitation (MCard) on behavioural factors among post-acute coronary syndrome (post-ACS) patients.

Study Design: Randomised controlled trial.

Place And Duration Of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology (AFIC), from January 2019 till March 2021.

Delayed admissions and efficacy of steroid use in patients with critical and severe COVID-19: an apprehensive approach.

Background: Inadvertent delays in access to appropriate therapeutic interventions in high-risk group coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients contribute to mortality in patients with severe/critical disease presentation.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of timely admission to the hospital on mortality of patients with severe/critical COVID-19. Another secondary aspect of this study was to observe the efficacy of time-dependent use of corticosteroids on mortality of critical/severe COVID-19 patients.

Assessment of utility values and QALYs after primary PCI with DP-Xience and BP-Biomatrix stents.

Background: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is the recommended treatment in ST elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI). The determination of Quality of life (QoL) for various options of coronary revascularization is important for establishment of a comprehensive care plan. Studies of QoL in interventional cardiology are scarce.

Assessment of risk factor profile in young patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting surgery in Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/National Institute of Heart Disease, a tertiary care cardiac facility.

Objective: To identify modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors among young patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Adult Cardiac Surgery of the Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology and National Institute of Heart Disease, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from January 1, 2015, to April 24, 2018, and comprised patients who underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting. Data was collected using a predesigned questionnaire, and the risk factors studied were hypertension, diabetes, smoking, serum cholesterol, family history and body mass index.

Safety of Early Discharge after Primary Angioplasty.

Objective: To assess the safety of early discharge (less than 48 hours) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients treated with primary angioplasty (PA).

Study Design: Observational study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology & National Institute of Heart Diseases (AFIC-NIHD) From January 2017 to December 2017.

A Spotlight on the Underlying Activation Mechanisms of the NLRP3 Inflammasome and its Role in Atherosclerosis: A Review.

The world's number one cause of death is cardiovascular diseases. The pathogenesis of different disease entities in the cardiovascular disease spectrum is complicated and multifactorial. Inflammation in these complicated etiologies serves as a key position and is a significant cause of atherosclerosis, which contributes to the underlying pathology.

Effect of Quinolones Versus Cefixime on International Normalized Ratio Levels After Valve Replacement Surgery with Warfarin Therapy.

Background and Objectives A dispute over interaction of warfarin with two quinolones-i.e., moxifloxacin and levofloxacin-leading to significant increase in international normalized ratio (INR) levels and coagulopathies is currently in debate.

Bidirectional Glenn for residual outflow obstruction in Tetralogy of Fallot.

Background: Residual right ventricular outflow obstruction during Tetralogy of Fallot repair necessitates peri-operative revision often requiring trans-annular patch with its negative sequels. Bidirectional Glenn shunt in this setting reduces trans-pulmonary gradient to avoid revision.

Methods: Bidirectional Glenn shunt was added during Tetralogy repair in patients with significant residual obstruction.

Skeletonization of Left Internal Mammary Artery in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

Objective: To compare mean per-operative flow capacity between skeletonized and pedicled left internal mammary artery (LIMA) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery.

Study Design: Randomized control trial.

Place And Duration Of Study: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology and National Institute of Heart Diseases (AFIC-NIHD), Rawalpindi, Pakistan from February to August, 2013.

Clinical Safety and Parameters of Maximum Oxygen Uptake (VO₂Max) Testing in Pakistani Patients With Heart Failure.

Objective: To determine the parameters of maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) in a Pakistani systolic heart failure cohort and its safety in a clinical setting.

Study Design: Descriptive study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology, National Institute of Heart Diseases, Rawalpindi, from June 2011 to January 2013.

Transcatheter device closure of patent ductus arteriosus.

Objective: To determine the efficacy, safety and immediate complications encountered during percutaneous device closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).

Study Design: Case series.

Place And Duration Of Study: Department of Paediatric Cardiology, AFIC/NIHD, Rawalpindi, from January 2005 to December 2010.