Daily rhythm in DNA methylation and the effect of total sleep deprivation.

Numerous hormones and genes exhibit diurnal 24-hr rhythms that can also be affected by sleep deprivation. Here we studied diurnal rhythms in DNA methylation under a 24-hr sleep/wake cycle and a subsequent 29 hr of continual wakefulness (1 night of sleep deprivation). Fifteen healthy men (19-35 years) spent 3 days/nights in a sleep laboratory: (1) adaptation; (2) baseline; (3) total sleep deprivation day/night.

Prevalence of psychotic-like experiences and their association with depression symptoms among patients entering adolescent psychiatric care.

Background: Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are common in clinical adolescent samples and form a continuum based on their frequency and intensity. PLEs can have harmful effects on both behaviour and affect.

Methods: Prevalence and subjective distress due to PLEs were assessed with the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief (PQ-B) and depressive symptoms with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-21A) among adolescents ( = 399; 71.

Licensed Practical Nurses' Perceptions of the Benefits of Information Systems in Social and Healthcare Services.

Licensed practical nurses (LPNs) are the second largest occupational group and the largest group in the social and healthcare sector in Finland, and they have an extensive working environment. Like other health and social care professionals, LPNs also use health information systems (HIS) and client information systems (CIS) in their daily work. The aim of this study was to describe LPNs' perceptions of the benefits of information systems in daily patient care.

Childhood family environment predicting psychotic disorders over a 37-year follow-up - A general population cohort study.

Background: Childhood adverse effects and traumatic experiences increase the risk for several psychiatric disorders. We now investigated whether prospectively assessed childhood family environment per se contributes to increased risk for psychotic disorders in adulthood, and whether these family patterns are also relevant in the development of affective disorders.

Methods: We used the Young Finns Data (n = 3502).

Potential for prediction of psychosis and bipolar disorder in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services: a longitudinal register study of all people born in Finland in 1987.

Current strategies to predict psychosis identify only a small proportion of individuals at risk. Additional strategies are needed to increase capacity for pre-diction and prevention of serious mental illness, ideally during childhood and adolescence. One possible approach would be to investigate systems in which psychosis risk factors are concentrated during childhood.

Improving Primary Health Care Data With : From a Medical to a Person-Centered Perspective.

The World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA) developed the third edition of the () to support the shift from a medical perspective to a person-centered perspective in primary health care. The previous editions ( and ) allowed description of 3 important elements of health care encounters: the reason for the encounter, the diagnosis and/or health problem, and the process of care. The adds function-related information as a fourth element, thereby capturing most parts of the encounter in a single practical and concise classification.

Magical thinking in individuals with high polygenic risk for schizophrenia but no non-affective psychoses-a general population study.

A strong genetic background for psychoses is well-established. Most individuals with a high genetic risk for schizophrenia, however, do not develop the disorder. We investigated whether individuals, who have a high genetic risk for schizophrenia but no non-affective psychotic disorders, are predisposed to develop milder forms of deviant thinking in terms of magical thinking.

Time trends in treated incidence, sociodemographic risk factors and comorbidities: a Finnish nationwide study on anxiety disorders.

Background: There has been a lack of research about the time trends and socio-demographic risk factors for children and adolescents who receive treatment for anxiety disorders. This study aimed to fill these gaps in our knowledge by examining a nationwide sample of Finnish children and adolescents diagnosed in specialized healthcare settings.

Methods: This study comprised national register data of all singleton children born in Finland from 1992-2006 who were diagnosed with anxiety disorders from 1998-2012.

European Council of Legal Medicine (ECLM) on-site inspection forms for forensic pathology, anthropology, odontology, genetics, entomology and toxicology for forensic and medico-legal scene and corpse investigation: the Parma form.

Further to a previous publication by the European Council of Legal Medicine (ECLM) concerning on-site forensic and medico-legal scene and corpse investigation, this publication provides guidance for forensic medical specialists, pathologists and, where present, coroners' activity at a scene of death inspection and to harmonize the procedures for a correct search, detection, collection, sampling and storage of all elements which may be useful as evidence, and ensure documentation of all these steps. This ECLM's inspection form provides a checklist to be used on-site for the investigation of a corpse present at a crime or suspicious death scene. It permits the collection of all relevant data not only for the pathologist, but also for forensic anthropologists, odontologists, geneticists, entomologists and toxicologists, thus supporting a collaborative work approach.

Association of Bariatric Surgery With Cancer Incidence in Patients With Obesity and Diabetes: Long-term Results From the Swedish Obese Subjects Study.

Objective: Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with serious adverse health effects, including cancer. Although bariatric surgery has been shown to reduce cancer risk in patients with obesity, the effect of bariatric surgery on cancer risk in patients with obesity and diabetes is less studied. We therefore examined the long-term incidence of cancer after bariatric surgery and usual care in patients with obesity and diabetes in the matched prospective Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study.

Optimism in adults born preterm: Systematic review and individual-participant-data meta-analysis.

Aim: Preterm birth(<37 gestational weeks) is associated with numerous adversities, however, data on positive developmental outcomes remain limited. We examined if preterm and term born(≥37 gestational weeks) adults differ in dispositional optimism/pessimism, a personality trait associated with health and wellbeing. We assessed if birth weight z-score, neurosensory impairments and parental education modified the outcome.

A comprehensive model for measuring real-life cost-effectiveness in eyecare: automation in care and evaluation of system (aces-rwm™).

This paper describes a holistic, yet simple and comprehensible, ecosystem model to deal with multiple and complex challenges in eyecare. It aims at producing the best possible wellbeing and eyesight with the available resources. When targeting to improve the real-world cost-effectiveness, what gets done in everyday practice needs be measured routinely, efficiently and unselectively.

Effects of Staff Training on Nursing Home Residents' End-Of-Life Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: This trial examines the effects of end-of-life training on long-term care facility (LTCF) residents' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and use and costs of hospital services.

Design: A single-blind, cluster randomized (at facility level) controlled trial (RCT). Our training intervention included 4 small-group 4-hour educational sessions on the principles of palliative and end-of-life care (advance care planning, adverse effects of hospitalizations, symptom management, communication, supporting proxies, challenging situations).

Training Staff in Long-Term Care Facilities-Effects on Residents' Symptoms, Psychological Well-Being, and Proxy Satisfaction.

Context: Long-term care facility (LTCF) residents have unmet needs in end-of-life and symptom care.

Objectives: This study examines the effects of an end-of-life care staff training intervention on LTCF residents' pain, symptoms, and psychological well-being and their proxies' satisfaction with care.

Methods: We report findings from a single-blind, cluster randomized controlled trial featuring 324 residents with end-of-life care needs in 20 LTCF wards in Helsinki.

Exercise, diet, and cognition in a 4-year randomized controlled trial: Dose-Responses to Exercise Training (DR's EXTRA).

Background: Evidence for the effects of exercise and dietary interventions on cognition from long-term randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in large general populations remains insufficient.

Objective: The objective of our study was to investigate the independent and combined effects of resistance and aerobic exercise and dietary interventions on cognition in a population sample of middle-aged and older individuals.

Methods: We conducted a 4-y RCT in 1401 men and women aged 57-78 y at baseline.

Physical Activity, Mental Health, and Well-Being in Very Pre-Term and Term Born Adolescents: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of Two Accelerometry Studies.

This study examined whether physical activity is associated with better mental health and well-being among very preterm (≤32 weeks) and term born (≥37 weeks) adolescents alike or whether the associations are stronger in either of the groups. Physical activity was measured with accelerometry in children born very preterm and at term in two cohorts, the Basel Study of Preterm Children (BSPC; 40 adolescents born ≤32 weeks of gestation and 59 term born controls aged 12.3 years) and the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS; 45 adolescents born ≤32 weeks of gestation and 3137 term born controls aged 14.

Exposure to persistent organic pollutants and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a case-cohort study.

Aims: To explore exposure to 22 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and incident type 2 diabetes in a population-based, prospective cohort.

Methods: This case-cohort study on 753 participants without type 2 diabetes at baseline, was followed-up over nine years, as part of the French D.E.

Risk for Premature Mortality and Intentional Self-harm in Autism Spectrum Disorders.

To examine the risk for premature mortality and intentional self-harm in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Based on a national birth cohort. Children born in 1987-2005, diagnosed with ASD by 2007 (n = 4695) were matched with four non-ASD subjects (n = 18,450) and followed until 2015 for mortality and intentional self-harm.

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Associated with Improved Breast Cancer Survival-A Nationwide Cohort Study from Finland.

Background: Breast cancer incidence has been associated with hypertension, which might worsen disease prognosis, but few nationwide studies have investigated the association between antihypertensive drug use and breast cancer prognosis.

Methods: A cohort of 73,170 women diagnosed with breast cancer during 1995-2013 identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry was combined with information on antihypertensive drug use during the same time period from a national prescription database. Antihypertensive drugs were analyzed in groups categorized by mechanism of action.

Long-term incidence of gallstone disease after bariatric surgery: results from the nonrandomized controlled Swedish Obese Subjects study.

Background: Gallstone disease is a known short-term complication of bariatric surgery; little is known of the long-term incidence.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between bariatric surgery and long-term incidence of gallstone disease.

Settings: A total of 25 surgery departments and 480 primary healthcare centers in Sweden.

Mental health outcomes of adults born very preterm or with very low birth weight: A systematic review.

Preterm birth research is poised to explore the mental health of adults born very preterm(VP; <32 weeks gestational age) and/or very low birth weight(VLBW; <1500g) through individual participant data meta-analyses, but first the previous evidence needs to be understood. We systematically reviewed and assessed the quality of the evidence from VP/VLBW studies with mental health symptoms or disorders appearing in adulthood, excluding childhood onset disorders. Participants (≥18 years, born >1970) included VP/VLBW individuals with controls born at term(≥37 weeks) or with normal birth weight(NBW; ≥2500g).

Assessing data protection and governance in health information systems: a novel methodology of Privacy and Ethics Impact and Performance Assessment (PEIPA).

Background: Data processing of health research databases often requires a Data Protection Impact Assessment to evaluate the severity of the risk and the appropriateness of measures taken to comply with the European Union (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). We aimed to define and apply a comprehensive method for the evaluation of privacy, data governance and ethics among research networks involved in the EU Project Bridge Health.

Methods: Computerised survey among associated partners of main EU Consortia, using a targeted instrument designed by the principal investigator and progressively refined in collaboration with an international advisory panel.