Polylactic Acid Micro/Nanoplastic Exposure Induces Male Reproductive Toxicity by Disrupting Spermatogenesis and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Mice.

Although considered an "eco-friendly" biodegradable plastic, polylactic acid (PLA) microplastic (PLA-MP) poses a growing concern for human health, yet its effects on male reproductive function remain underexplored. This study investigated the reproductive toxicity of PLA in male mice and its potential mechanisms. To this end, our in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that after degradation in the digestive system, a significant number of PLA-MP-derived nanoparticles could penetrate the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and localize within the spermatogenic microenvironment.

Health Expenditures of Patients With Diabetes After Bariatric Surgery: Comparing Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) differ in their effects on body weight and risk for reoperation. However, it is unclear whether long-term health expenditures differ by procedure type in patients with diabetes.

Objective: To compare health expenditures 3 years before and 5.

The Association of Epstein-Barr Virus Donor and Recipient Serostatus With Outcomes After Kidney Transplantation : A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Prior studies indicate that 1% to 4% of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-seronegative recipients of EBV-seropositive donor (EBV D+/R-) kidneys develop posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). However, these estimates are based on limited data that lack granularity.

Objective: To determine the associations between pretransplant EBV D+/R- and recipient EBV-seropositive status (R+) and the outcomes of PTLD and graft and patient survival among adult kidney transplant recipients.

Methods to Adjust for Confounding in Test-Negative Design COVID-19 Effectiveness Studies: Simulation Study.

Background: Real-world COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies are investigating exposures of increasing complexity accounting for time since vaccination. These studies require methods that adjust for the confounding that arises when morbidities and demographics are associated with vaccination and the risk of outcome events. Methods based on propensity scores (PS) are well-suited to this when the exposure is dichotomous, but present challenges when the exposure is multinomial.

Accuracy and Safety of AI-Enabled Scribe Technology: Instrument Validation Study.

Artificial intelligence-enabled ambient digital scribes may have many potential benefits, yet results from our study indicate that there are errors that must be evaluated to mitigate safety risks.

LoVE4MUM Mobile App to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Postpartum depression remains a significant concern, posing substantial challenges to maternal well-being, infant health, and the mother-infant bond, particularly in the face of barriers to traditional support and interventions. Previous studies have shown that mobile health (mHealth) interventions offer an accessible means to facilitate early detection and management of mental health issues while at the same time promoting preventive care.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Leveraging on Virtual Engagement for Maternal Understanding & Mood-enhancement (LoVE4MUM) mobile app, which was developed based on the principles of cognitive behavioral therapy and psychoeducation and serves as an intervention to prevent postpartum depression.

Prevalence of Pathogenic Variants and Eligibility Criteria for Genetic Testing in Patients Who Visit a Memory Clinic.

Background And Objectives: Identifying genetic causes of dementia in patients visiting memory clinics is important for patient care and family planning. Traditional clinical selection criteria for genetic testing may miss carriers of pathogenic variants in dementia-related genes. This study aimed identify how many carriers we are missing and to optimize criteria for selecting patients for genetic counseling in memory clinics.

How can we make sound replication decisions?

Replication and the reported crises impacting many fields of research have become a focal point for the sciences. This has led to reforms in publishing, methodological design and reporting, and increased numbers of experimental replications coordinated across many laboratories. While replication is rightly considered an indispensable tool of science, financial resources and researchers' time are quite limited.

Discourse on measurement.

Measurement literacy is required for strong scientific reasoning, effective experimental design, conceptual and empirical validation of measurement quantities, and the intelligible interpretation of error in theory construction. This discourse examines how issues in measurement are posed and resolved and addresses potential misunderstandings. Examples drawn from across the sciences are used to show that measurement literacy promotes the goals of scientific discourse and provides the necessary foundation for carving out perspectives and carrying out interventions in science.

Establishing measurement equivalence of a youth-reported parental monitoring measure across sex, race/ethnicity, and intersectional identity.

Parental monitoring is a robust family-level predictor of youth well-being. Identification of variations by gender and/or race/ethnicity in parental monitoring has important implications for tailoring parenting practices. However, valid comparisons can only be conducted if cross-subpopulation measurement equivalence is established.

Poor Olfaction and Risk of Stroke in Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

Background: Poor olfaction may be associated with adverse cerebrovascular events, but empirical evidence is limited. We aimed to investigate the association of olfaction with the risk of stroke in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

Methods: We included 5799 older adults with no history of stroke at baseline from 2011 to 2013 (75.

Adverse childhood experiences and psychological, sexual, and physical forms of intimate partner violence in Nepal.

Objective: To examine the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and intimate partner violence (IPV) among married couples in Nepal as well as the relationships among ACEs, IPV (psychological, sexual, physical), and psychological distress.

Method: The sample comprised the control group ( = 720) of a cluster randomized intervention trial among married women in Nepal. Interviewers assessed ACEs, IPV, quality of life, self-efficacy, and depressive symptoms among participants.

Cyber abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder among racially diverse women who have resided in domestic violence shelters: A longitudinal approach.

Objective: The present study presents a longitudinal examination of the impact of cyber abuse (CA) on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity among a racially diverse sample of women with intimate partner violence (IPV).

Method: Using data collected from a completed randomized control trial with women who sought safety in a domestic violence shelter (W-DVS; = 172), we conducted a secondary data analysis. Participants completed measures of CA, PTSD severity, and other types of IPV at each time point.

Integrating the Confluence Model and I³ Model to predict sexual assault perpetration intentions.

Objective: Sexual assault perpetration is widespread among young men. According to the Confluence Model, hostile masculinity and impersonal sex are trait-level factors associated with sexual assault perpetration likelihood. Additionally, state-level factors, including alcohol intoxication, current emotions, and ability to modulate one's emotions, have been tied to sexual assault perpetration via the I3 Model.

Preliminary investigation of an artificial intelligence-based cognitive behavioral therapy training tool.

We developed an asynchronous online cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) training tool that provides artificial intelligence- (AI-) enabled feedback to learners across eight CBT skills. We sought to evaluate the technical reliability and to ascertain how practitioners would use the tool to inform product iteration and future deployment. We conducted a single-arm 2-week field trial among behavioral health practitioners who treat outpatients with psychosis.

Norman B. Anderson (1955-2024).

Memorializes Norman B. Anderson (1924-2024). Norman B.

Repression of CADM1 transcription by HPV type 18 is mediated by three-dimensional rearrangement of promoter-enhancer interactions.

Upon infection, human papillomavirus (HPV) manipulates host cell gene expression to create an environment that is supportive of a productive and persistent infection. The virus-induced changes to the host cell's transcriptome are thought to contribute to carcinogenesis. Here, we show by RNA-sequencing that oncogenic HPV18 episome replication in primary human foreskin keratinocytes (HFKs) drives host transcriptional changes that are consistent between multiple HFK donors.

Patterns of self-harm presentations at a Tertiary Urban Hospital in Kenya: A retrospective 5-year study (2018-2022).

Introduction: Self-harm represents a complex and multifaceted public health issue of global significance, exerting profound effects on individuals and communities alike. It involves intentional self-poisoning or self-injury with or without the motivation to die. Although self-harm is highly prevalent, limited research has focused on the patterns and trends of self-harm among hospital populations in low- and middle-income countries, particularly within Africa.

Antiretroviral therapies and status of people living with HIV in Japan: An update from hospital survey and national database.

No updated data on people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Japan have been available since 2015, leaving a critical gap in understanding the current status of care and treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a nationwide evaluation of the second and third goals of the "90-90-90 target" defined by UNAIDS between 2016 and 2020. The study utilized data from approximately 360 core hospitals through structured questionnaires and the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups (NDB).

Perceived stress and coping strategies used by undergraduate dental students: An observational study.

Studies around the world have reported that dental students experience higher stress compared to medical students. Prolonged and high perceived stress can be of a significant concern as it affects the personal, psychological, and professional well-being of the student, affecting quality of life. The aim of the study was to describe the perceived stress and coping strategies that undergraduate students at dental schools of Lahore, Pakistan employ.

Oral health-related conditions in Ecuador: A temporal trend analysis of hospital discharges from 2000-2023.

Background: Monitoring hospitalization rates associated with oral health conditions is an important part of epidemiological surveillance, especially when these conditions have increased significantly in low-and middle-income countries. This study aimed to evaluate the temporal trends in hospital discharges associated with oral health-related conditions in Ecuador from 2000 to 2023 and identify the leading diagnoses groups.

Methods: An ecological time-series study was conducted based on annual data from the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses of Ecuador.

The Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales-21: Principal component analysis and evaluation of abbreviated versions in young adults with temporomandibular disorders.

Background: The Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) contain three subscales measuring depression, anxiety, and stress. Several abbreviated DASS-21 versions have been developed, demonstrating better clinical utility and measurement properties than the original instrument. This study explored the factor structure of various abbreviated DASS-21 versions and identified/validated the optimal one for assessing young adults with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs).

Development of a service blueprint for blockchain services.

As blockchain has been actively applied in various services, a tool for visualizing the complex service processes reflecting the characteristics of blockchain has been required. A service blueprint is a tool to visualize all key systems and encounters in service delivery. Although several blueprints already exist, they have limitations to systematically visualize and analyze blockchain service processes.