Developmental patterns of intestinal group 3 innate lymphoid cells in piglets and their response to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection.

Diarrhoea and preweaning mortality in piglets are crucial factors impacting the economic sustainability of the swine industry. Pathogenic infections are among the main causes of diarrhea and mortality. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are crucial for safeguarding against pathogenic infections.

Fecal carriage of ESBL-producing E. coli and genetic characterization in rural children and livestock in the Somali region, Ethiopia: a one health approach.

Background: The emergence and spread of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli pose significant challenges for treatment of infections globally. This challenge is exacerbated in sub-Saharan African countries, where the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli is high.

Developing institution-specific admission competency criteria for prospective health sciences students.

Background: Given the critical role of health professionals in societal health, the development of robust and effective selection methods is of fundamental concern for educational institutions within the field of health sciences education. Conventionally, admission competencies have been determined by institutional authorities. Developing institution-specific competency criteria enables an admission process that is mission- and value-aware, evidence-based, and strategically adaptable.

A global product of 150-m urban building height based on spaceborne lidar.

Urban building height, as a fundamental 3D urban structural feature, has far-reaching applications. However, creating readily available datasets of recent urban building heights with fine spatial resolutions and global coverage remains a challenging task. Here, we provide a 150-m global urban building heights dataset around 2020 by combining the spaceborne lidar (Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation, GEDI), multi-sourced data (Landsat-8, Sentinel-2, and Sentinel-1), and topographic data.

Determining structures of RNA conformers using AFM and deep neural networks.

Much of the human genome is transcribed into RNAs, many of which contain structural elements that are important for their function. Such RNA molecules-including those that are structured and well-folded-are conformationally heterogeneous and flexible, which is a prerequisite for function, but this limits the applicability of methods such as NMR, crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy for structure elucidation. Moreover, owing to the lack of a large RNA structure database, and no clear correlation between sequence and structure, approaches such as AlphaFold for protein structure prediction do not apply to RNA.

The conformational space of RNase P RNA in solution.

RNA conformational diversity has fundamental biological roles, but direct visualization of its full conformational space in solution has not been possible using traditional biophysical techniques. Using solution atomic force microscopy, a deep neural network and statistical analyses, we show that the ribonuclease P (RNase P) RNA adopts heterogeneous conformations consisting of a conformationally invariant core and highly flexible peripheral structural elements that sample a broad conformational space, with amplitudes as large as 20-60 Å in a multitude of directions, with very low net energy cost. Increasing Mg drives compaction and enhances enzymatic activity, probably by narrowing the conformational space.

PGRN protects against serum deprivation-induced cell death by promoting the ROS scavenger system in cervical cancer.

Progranulin (PGRN), an autocrine growth factor with tumorigenic roles in a variety of tumors, is a putative survival factor for normal and cancer cells in vitro. However, the fundamental mechanism of PGRN-mediated survival of cancer cells suffering from various types of microenvironmental stresses, such as serum deprivation, remains unknown. We show here that serum deprivation decreases intracellular PGRN protein levels in cervical cancer cells.

Stranded heavy fuel oil exposure causes deformities, cardiac dysfunction, and oxidative stress in marine medaka Oryzias melastigma using an oiled-gravel-column system.

Heavy fuel oil (HFO) stranded on the coastline poses a potential threat to the health of marine fish after an oil spill. In this study, an oiled-gravel-column (OGC) system was established to investigate the toxic effects of stranded HFO on marine medaka Oryzias melastigma. HFO 380# (sulfur content 2.

Plasma extracellular vesicles carry immune system-related peptides that predict human longevity.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play crucial roles in aging. In this National Institutes on Aging-funded study, we sought to identify circulating extracellular vesicle (EV) biomarkers indicative of longevity. The plasma EV proteome of 48 older adults (mean age 77.

The epithelial era of asthma research: knowledge gaps and future direction for patient care.

The Epithelial Science Expert Group convened on 18-19 October 2023, in Naples, Italy, to discuss the current understanding of the fundamental role of the airway epithelium in asthma and other respiratory diseases and to explore the future direction of patient care. This review summarises the key concepts and research questions that were raised. As an introduction to the epithelial era of research, the evolution of asthma management throughout the ages was discussed and the role of the epithelium as an immune-functioning organ was elucidated.

Non-image-forming photoreceptors improve visual orientation selectivity and image perception.

It has long been a decades-old dogma that image perception is mediated solely by rods and cones, while intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are responsible only for non-image-forming vision, such as circadian photoentrainment and pupillary light reflexes. Surprisingly, we discovered that ipRGC activation enhances the orientation selectivity of layer 2/3 neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) of mice by both increasing preferred-orientation responses and narrowing tuning bandwidth. Mechanistically, we found that the tuning properties of V1 excitatory and inhibitory neurons are differentially influenced by ipRGC activation, leading to a reshaping of the excitatory/inhibitory balance that enhances visual cortical orientation selectivity.

Heme promotes venetoclax resistance in multiple myeloma through MEK-ERK signaling and purine biosynthesis.

We previously demonstrated that reduced intrinsic electron transport chain (ETC) activity predicts and promotes sensitivity to the BCL-2 antagonist, venetoclax (Ven) in multiple myeloma (MM). Heme, an iron-containing prosthetic group, and metabolite is fundamental to maintaining ETC activity. Interrogation of the CD2 subgroup of MM from the CoMMpass trial (NCT01454297), which can be used as a proxy for Ven-sensitive MM (VS MM), shows reduced expression of the conserved heme biosynthesis pathway gene signature.

Synaptic Gα12/13 signaling establishes hippocampal PV inhibitory circuits.

Combinatorial networks of cell adhesion molecules and cell surface receptors drive fundamental aspects of neural circuit establishment and function. However, the intracellular signals orchestrated by these cell surface complexes remain less understood. Here, we report that the Gα12/13 pathway lies downstream of several GPCRs with critical synaptic functions.

A frameshift mutation in resolves the growth versus defense dilemma in rice.

CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing systems have revolutionized plant gene functional studies by enabling the targeted introduction of insertion-deletions (INDELs) via the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway. Frameshift-inducing INDELs can introduce a premature termination codon and, in other instances, can lead to the appearance of new proteins. Here, we found that mutations in the rice jasmonate (JA) signaling gene by CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing did not affect canonical JA signaling.

Unraveling the causal relationship and potential mechanisms between osteoarthritis and breast cancer: insights from mendelian randomization and bioinformatics analysis.

Objective: To investigate the effect of osteoarthritis (OA) on the development of breast cancer (BC), and reveal the potential mechanisms underlying the association between them.

Methods: A two-step, multivariable Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis was performed, using statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), to determine the effect of OA on BC and explore the role of major depressive disorder (MDD) in mediating it. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were utilized to establish a prognostic model and explore the underlying mechanisms.

Sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Transmembrane Domain Encodes Conformational Dynamics.

The homotrimeric SARS-CoV-2 spike protein enables viral infection by undergoing a large conformational transition, which facilitates the fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane. The spike protein is anchored to the SARS-CoV-2 envelope by its transmembrane domain (TMD), composed of three TM helices, each contributed by one of the protomers of spike. Although the TMD is known to be important for viral fusion, whether it is a passive anchor of the spike or actively promotes fusion remains unknown.

New insights into the mechanisms of red blood cell enucleation: From basics to clinical applications.

Background: Red blood cell (RBC) enucleation is a crucial step in the process of erythropoiesis. By removing the nucleus, RBCs gain greater flexibility, enabling them to traverse narrow capillaries with ease, thereby enhancing the efficiency of oxygen and carbon dioxide transport. This transformation underscores the intricate balance between cellular structure and function essential for maintaining homeostasis.

Interplay of geometry and mechanics in epithelial wound healing.

Wound healing is a complex biological process critical for maintaining an organism's structural integrity and tissue repair following an infection or injury. Recent studies have unveiled the mechanisms involving the coordination of biochemical and mechanical responses in the tissue in wound healing. In this article, we focus on the healing property of an epithelial tissue as a material while the effects of biological mechanisms such as cell proliferation, tissue intercalation, cellular migration, cell crawling, and filopodia protrusion is minimal.

Updates implemented in version 4 of the GlyCosmos Glycoscience Portal.

Glycosylation, characterized by its complexity and diversity, is a common system across all domains of life. The glycosylation of proteins or lipids imparts them with structural and functional roles, ranging from development to infectious or Mendelian disease. The high-throughput-based omics data has revealed that glycans are involved in important cellular processes.

"Sadness smile" curve: Processing emotional information from social network for evaluating thermal comfort perception.

Thermal comfort is a subjective perception, hence conventional evaluation using meteorological factors faces a technical challenge in precise assessment. Human beings have the nature to differentiate expressions of facial emotions when varied thermal environments are perceived. Facial expression scores can be taken as a predictor of perceived thermal comfort which can be precisely assessed using deep learning against physical factors.

An improved bacterial single-cell RNA-seq reveals biofilm heterogeneity.

In contrast to mammalian cells, bacterial cells lack mRNA polyadenylated tails, presenting a hurdle in isolating mRNA amidst the prevalent rRNA during single-cell RNA-seq. This study introduces a novel method, ribosomal RNA-derived cDNA depletion (RiboD), seamlessly integrated into the PETRI-seq technique, yielding RiboD-PETRI. This innovative approach offers a cost-effective, equipment-free, and high-throughput solution for bacterial single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq).

Transcriptomic analysis reveals pathways underlying the multi-antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Klebsiella pneumoniae, an opportunistic pathogen, is pervasively distributed across the world. Its escalating antibiotic resistance poses a serious threat to global public health. The mechanisms behind this resistance remain largely elusive.

Lu Radiolabeled Polydopamine Decorated with Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitor for Locoregional Treatment of Glioma.

Radionuclide therapy is expected to be a powerful tool for glioma treatment. Here, we introduced a novel nuclear nanomedicine based on polydopamine (PDA), incorporating fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) and macrocyclic chelator (DOTA) for specific cancer targeting and Lu labeling. The synthesized nanoradiopharmaceutical, Lu-DOTA-PEG-PDA-FAPI, exhibits good stability in serum, saline and PBS over 5 days.

Mitochondrial genetic diversity of pest and vector species, Frankliniella schultzei (Thripidae: Thripinae).

Background: Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom) is a serious pest and a carrier of tospoviruses in major agricultural crops. This species is a historical and unresolved species complex that contains genetically different cryptic species across the globe.

Methods And Results: DNA barcodes were generated from freshly collected specimens of F.

Autophagy promotes p72 degradation and capsid disassembly during the early phase of African swine fever virus infection.

During viral infections, autophagy functions as a cell-intrinsic defense mechanism by facilitating the delivery of virions or viral components to the endosomal/lysosomal pathway for degradation. In this study, we report that internalized African swine fever virus (ASFV) virions enter autolysosomes during the early phase of viral infection. Autophagy selectively targets the major capsid protein p72 within the ASFV virion.