The Distribution of Respiratory Viral Pathogens Among the Symptomatic Respiratory Tract Infection Patients From Dhaka City in the Pre-COVID-19 Pandemic Era.

Rapid and accurate diagnosis is crucial for determining the etiology and, perhaps, effectively treating and preventing viral respiratory infections. A multiplex quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ was utilized to determine the prevalence of viral etiology in cases of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). Outpatient department (OPD) and intensive care unit (ICU) patients with fever and respiratory symptoms were enrolled from December 2018 to April 2020.

Estimation of country-specific tuberculosis resistance antibiograms using pathogen genomics and machine learning.

Background: Global tuberculosis (TB) drug resistance (DR) surveillance focuses on rifampicin. We examined the potential of public and surveillance () whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data, to generate expanded country-level resistance prevalence estimates (antibiograms) using in silico resistance prediction.

Methods: We curated and quality-controlled WGS data.

Clinical, Laboratory Characteristics, and Treatment Outcomes of Histoplasmosis Among Patients Admitted to a Referral Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh.

Background: Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis caused by  (). Systemic involvement of histoplasmosis usually occurs in immune-compromised patients, patients with AIDS, or those taking immunosuppressive therapy. The present study aims to describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics and treatment outcome of histoplasmosis as the diagnosis is challenging and management protocol differs.

Pleural fluid adenosine deaminase to serum C-reactive protein ratio for diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion.

Background: Tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) and malignant pleural effusion (MPE) may occasionally show similar cytological and biochemical picture including ADA. In such cases, differentiating TPE and MPE is challenging and needs histopathology of pleural tissue which may involve invasive procedures. The present study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of pleural fluid ADA to serum CRP (ADA/CRP) ratio to discriminate between tuberculous and malignant pleural effusion.

Unusual cause of mediastinal tumor: A case of calcified pericardial cyst.

Pericardial cysts are rare benign intrathoracic lesions, and calcified pericardial cysts are even more uncommon. Most pericardial cysts are asymptomatic, but patients may present with chest pain, dyspnea and any complications of pericardial effusion. We present a case of a left-sided calcified pericardial cyst, highlighting its rarity and symptoms in relation to its location.

Rhinitis associated with asthma is distinct from rhinitis alone: The ARIA-MeDALL hypothesis.

Asthma, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis (AD) are interrelated clinical phenotypes that partly overlap in the human interactome. The concept of "one-airway-one-disease," coined over 20 years ago, is a simplistic approach of the links between upper- and lower-airway allergic diseases. With new data, it is time to reassess the concept.

The World Organization of Family Doctors Air Health Train the Trainer Program: lessons learned and implications for planetary health education.

The World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA) Air Health Train the Trainer Program was a pilot educational programme that focused on a key aspect of planetary health: the intersection of air pollution, human health, and climate change. In this Viewpoint, we-the coordinators of the training programme and some of the most active trainers-briefly describe the programme and discuss implementation successes, challenges, and lessons learned, which relate to the creation and use of training materials appropriate for health professionals in low-income and middle-income countries, strategies to improve the retention of trainers to deliver activities in their communities, and the development of stronger networks and further tools to support trainers. These findings could be applied to future education and training programmes.

Clinical Presentation of COVID-19 and Antibody Responses in Bangladeshi Patients Infected with the Delta or Omicron Variants of SARS-CoV-2.

The clinical presentation of COVID-19 and the specific antibody responses associated with SARS-CoV-2 variants have not been investigated during the emergence of Omicron variants in Bangladesh. The Delta and Omicron variants were identified by post-PCR melting curve analysis of the spike (S) protein receptor binding domain amplicons. Anti-S-protein immunoglobulin-G anti-nucleocapsid (N)-protein immunoglobulin-G and immunoglobulin-A levels were measured by ELISA.

Prevalence of hypogonadism in transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia patients of Bangladesh: investigating the role of serum ferritin level as a diagnostic tool.

Introduction: Hypogonadism is one of the most frequent complications in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients and early recognition and treatment is the core element in restoring impaired gonadal function. Despite the high burden of disease, relevant studies are scarcely addressing the gonadal function of such patients in Bangladesh. The pattern of gonadal function in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients must be characterized before planning a generalized management plan.

Successful removal of the largest reported intrathoracic lipoma with bilateral extension: a case report.

Background: Unlike subcutaneous lipomas, thoracic cavity lipomas are extremely rare and can develop to be quite large without causing any symptoms. However, managing massive lipoma that involves both chest cavities is usually challenging, especially when considering the approach for excision.

Case: We report our experience of surgical management of a case of a 46-year-old male with huge intrathoracic lipoma that extends bilaterally and is known to be the largest of such kind.

Population structure, biogeography and transmissibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a clonal pathogen proposed to have co-evolved with its human host for millennia, yet our understanding of its genomic diversity and biogeography remains incomplete. Here we use a combination of phylogenetics and dimensionality reduction to reevaluate the population structure of M. tuberculosis, providing an in-depth analysis of the ancient Indo-Oceanic Lineage 1 and the modern Central Asian Lineage 3, and expanding our understanding of Lineages 2 and 4.

Management of anaphylaxis due to COVID-19 vaccines in the elderly.

Older adults, especially men and/or those with diabetes, hypertension, and/or obesity, are prone to severe COVID-19. In some countries, older adults, particularly those residing in nursing homes, have been prioritized to receive COVID-19 vaccines due to high risk of death. In very rare instances, the COVID-19 vaccines can induce anaphylaxis, and the management of anaphylaxis in older people should be considered carefully.

Differentiation of COVID-19 signs and symptoms from allergic rhinitis and common cold: An ARIA-EAACI-GA LEN consensus.

Background: Although there are many asymptomatic patients, one of the problems of COVID-19 is early recognition of the disease. COVID-19 symptoms are polymorphic and may include upper respiratory symptoms. However, COVID-19 symptoms may be mistaken with the common cold or allergic rhinitis.

Outcome of lymph node tuberculosis management with conventional treatment with and without prednisolone.

The outcome of lymph node tuberculosis (LNTB) management with conventional anti-tubercular treatment alone is unsatisfactory. We conducted a randomised open-label controlled clinical trial in the Department of Respiratory Medicine in Government Institute of Dhaka, Bangladesh from April 2017 to March 2019. Compared with controls, 54 patients of LNTB received category 1 anti-tubercular treatment with additional prednisolone after randomisation.

Characterization of Genomic Variants Associated with Resistance to Bedaquiline and Delamanid in Naive Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Strains.

The role of mutations in genes associated with phenotypic resistance to bedaquiline (BDQ) and delamanid (DLM) in complex (MTBc) strains is poorly characterized. A clear understanding of the genetic variants' role is crucial to guide the development of molecular-based drug susceptibility testing (DST). In this work, we analyzed all mutations in candidate genomic regions associated with BDQ- and DLM-resistant phenotypes using a whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data set from a collection of 4,795 MTBc clinical isolates from six countries with a high burden of tuberculosis (TB).

Tracheobronchial rhinosporidiosis: an uncommon life-threatening benign cause of airway obstruction.

Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease caused by Mesomycetozoea This highly recurrent polypoid lesion has a predilection for the nose and nasopharynx, although other organ systems may be affected. Involvement of the tracheobronchial tree is very rare, and poses a challenge for diagnosis and management. In this report, we present a 30-year-old man with a history of recurrent nasal polyp who presented with cough, shortness of breath, haemoptysis, and a radiological feature of right lung collapse on imaging.

A global respiratory perspective on the COVID-19 pandemic: commentary and action proposals.

https://bit.ly/30yNyhP

ARIA digital anamorphosis: Digital transformation of health and care in airway diseases from research to practice.

Digital anamorphosis is used to define a distorted image of health and care that may be viewed correctly using digital tools and strategies. MASK digital anamorphosis represents the process used by MASK to develop the digital transformation of health and care in rhinitis. It strengthens the ARIA change management strategy in the prevention and management of airway disease.

Demography and Symptom Profile of Tetanus: A Cross-sectional Observation in an Infectious Disease Hospital of Bangladesh.

Tetanus is a potentially preventable neurological infectious disorder with paucity of literature in Bangladesh. We aimed to see the demography and symptom profile of tetanus cases managed at the Infectious disease Hospital Sylhet. This hospital based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted within the time period of January to December 2012 among 50 consecutive admitted patients in the Infectious Disease Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh who were diagnosed as a case of tetanus and fulfilling the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria.

Helsinki by nature: The Nature Step to Respiratory Health.

Background: was the overarching theme of the 12th General Meeting of the Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD) in Helsinki, August 2018. New approaches are needed to improve respiratory health and reduce premature mortality of chronic diseases by 30% till 2030 (UN Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs). Planetary health is defined as the health of human civilization and the state of the natural systems on which it depends.

Gender Difference of Common Risk Factors and in Hospital Outcome of Acute Ischaemic Stroke.

This was an observational study with cross-sectional comparison of risk factors between sexes in the distribution of common risk factors and in hospital outcome of acute ischaemic stroke with the purpose of developing optimal strategies for the prevention and care of this disease. This study was conducted in the Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh from March 2013 to August 2013. Patients were divided in Group A- male patients with acute ischaemic stroke (n=47) and Group B- female patients with acute ischaemic stroke (n=47), were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.