A Decade-Long Cohort Analysis of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-Induced Early and Late Renal Rejection in Post-Transplant Patients in the Eastern Indian Population.

: HCMV causes severe clinical complications in transplant recipients and may lead to graft rejection. Successful renal transplantation heavily relies on the early prevention and diagnosis of CMV infections, followed by prompt prophylactic treatment before transplantation. Despite the majority of renal rejection cases with acute HCMV infections being asymptomatic and occurring one to two years later, the objective of this research was to comprehend the effect of late HCMV infection on renal rejection by examining specific clinical parameters in the Eastern Indian cohort.

virulence and its suppression through the quorum-sensing system.

is a cholera-causing pathogen known to instigate severe contagious diarrhea that affects millions globally. Survival of vibrios depend on a combination of multicellular responses and adapt to changes that prevail in the environment. This process is achieved through a strong communication at the cellular level, the process has been recognized as quorum sensing (QS).

Rationality of Prescriptions by Rational Use of Medicine Consensus Approach in Common Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Infections: An Outpatient Department Based Cross-Sectional Study from India.

Background: Drug utilisation studies are relevant for the analysis of prescription rationality and are pertinent in today's context of the increasing burden of antimicrobial resistance. Prescriptions for patients with diarrhoea or Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) have been analysed in this study to understand the prescription pattern among various categories of prescribers in two tertiary care centers.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2019 to December 2020 in the medicine and pediatrics outpatient departments of two government teaching hospitals in West Bengal, India.

Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) expert opinion/consensus guidance on the use of cannabinoids for gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with cancer.

Background: Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in patients with cancer, whether related to treatment or a direct effect of the disease itself. Patients may choose to access cannabinoids outside of their formal medical prescriptions to palliate such symptoms. However, clinical guidelines are lacking in relation to the use of such medicines for gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with cancer.

Epidemiological drivers of mother to child HIV transmission in West Bengal, India: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: HIV transmission through vertical route can be reduced to a large extent with combination of medical interventions. Apart from maternal HIV status several other epidemiological attributes determine this transmission dynamics. The objective of this study was to identify various associated factors that determine and modify the risk of HIV transmission from a mother living with HIV to her child.

Assessment of effectiveness of Japanese encephalitis vaccination in West Bengal, India using sample positivity rate as an alternate measure.

Background & Objectives: Japanese encephalitis (JE), is a vaccine preventable mosquito borne arboviral disease. The State Health Department of West Bengal, India started a vaccination programme using live attenuated, single dose JE vaccine (SA-14-14-2) in children aged 1-below15 years since 2006 in five districts. The objectives were to compare Sample Positivity Rates (SPR) of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) cases for JE between vaccinated & unvaccinated districts and observe trend of SPR & Cumulative Incidence in vaccinated districts for three years.

Prevalence of syphilis infection and associated sociodemographic factors among antenatal-care attendees in Meghalaya, India: Revisiting HIV Sentinel Surveillance data.

Background: Despite relatively simple prevention and treatment, syphilis remains a major social and public health concern worldwide, particularly in developing nations.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence and to determine the sociodemographic factors associated with syphilis infection among antenatal-care (ANC) attendees in Meghalaya, India.

Materials And Method: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing National HIV Sentinel Surveillance of Meghalaya, January-March 2017.

Socio-Demographic Correlates of HIV Sero-Discordance among Couples in West Bengal, India: a Cross Sectional Analysis.

Serodiscordant couples serve as potential sources of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. Understanding the demographic dynamics of serodiscordant couples plays an important role in tailoring interventions to eliminate HIV infection. We conducted this cross-sectional analysis among 314 integrated counseling and testing centers in West Bengal, India, from April 2016 to March 2020.

Genotypic analyses and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter jejuni from crows (Corvidae) of United States and India reflect their respective local antibiotic burdens.

Aim: The study examined the hypothesis that crow-borne Campylobacter can function as environmental reservoirs and indicators of antibiotic resistance (AR) determinants circulating in a human population.

Methods And Results: Two species of crows from Washington (WA), United States, and Kolkata, India, respectively, were examined for their ability to carry antibiotic resistant Campylobacter. Campylobacter jejuni was the only species isolated by selective agar plating from crow faecal samples.

High Stillbirth Rate among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Pregnant Women in West Bengal, India: a Retrospective Cohort Study.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in pregnancy may result in adverse obstetric outcomes, such as stillbirth. The present study aimed to compare the stillbirth rate (SBR) in HIV-infected pregnant women with that in the general population, observing the year-wise trends of HIV infection-associated SBR and identifying possible associated exposures. A retrospective cohort study was conducted through the analysis of secondary data from 314 integrated counseling and testing centers across the state of West Bengal, India, from 2012 to 2020.

Exploring Repurposing Potential of Existing Drugs in the Management of COVID-19 Epidemic: A Critical Review.

Despite high morbidity and mortality of ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, no specific therapy has been established till date. Though studies identified various molecules as possible therapies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), these findings call for substantiation by human studies. We conducted this review aiming at reporting evidences on therapies used so far globally for management of COVID-19 in clinical settings.

Presence of actin binding motif in VgrG-1 toxin of Vibrio cholerae reveals the molecular mechanism of actin cross-linking.

Type VI secretion systems (T6SS) plays a crucial role in Vibrio cholerae mediated pathogenicity. Tip of T6SS is homologous to gp27/gp5 complex or tail spike of T4 bacteriophage. VgrG-1 of V.

Challenges for programmatic implementation of killed whole cell oral cholera vaccines for prevention and control of cholera: a meta-opinion.

Introduction: Cholera remains a public health threat. The development of safe, effective, easy-to-administer, heat-stable, and cheap killed whole cell oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) has provided an additional tool to counter cholera. In this meta-opinion, we review the challenges of delivering OCVs through the existing public health infrastructure in vulnerable areas.

Molecular characteristics of Clostridium difficile isolates from human and animals in the North Eastern region of India.

A total of 1034 samples were collected from different sources and C. difficile was isolated from 18 (9.04%) of 199 human, 9 (4.

Nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae 01 serotype Inaba biotype El Tor associated with a cluster of cases of cholera in southern India.

Thirteen strains of Vibrio cholerae 01 belonging to the Inaba serotype El Tor biotype isolated from patients during an outbreak of cholera in the town of Warangal in southern India were found to be nontoxigenic (NT), since they did not produce cholera toxin or hybridize with DNA probes specific for cholera toxin, Zot, or Ace. The unheated and heated culture supernatants of the NT V. cholerae 01 evoked a rapid cell-rounding effect when introduced on confluent layers of CHO and HeLa cells which could not be inhibited by antiserum against known toxins.

Clostridium difficile in antibiotic associated pediatric diarrhea.

A case control study was carried out at the medical wards of Dr. B.C.