The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health-care delivery system for other diseases and antimicrobial resistance threat in India.

India's health-care delivery is challenged with different inequalities and theelivery is challenged with different inequalities and the dual burden of communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Lockdown posed negative effects on the growth and economy of the country; simultaneously, some positive effects, like increased health consciousness and adoption of hygienic practices, were also there. Health-care delivery system faced tremendous challenges in diagnostics, therapeutics, infrastructure for inpatient care, and protection of health-care manpower.

Upsurge in hospitalization of pediatric patients with severe acute respiratory infections in Kolkata and surrounding districts caused by recombinant human respiratory adenovirus type B 7/3.

Globally, different genotypes of human adenoviruses are associated with outbreaks of acute respiratory infection (ARI) though such evidence is lacking from India. In the present study, we report a sudden increase in the positivity of respiratory adenovirus among hospitalized children with ARI from Kolkata and the surrounding districts of West Bengal, India, from December 2022 to date. A sharp rise in the positivity rate of respiratory adenovirus was found which ranged from 22.

A Decade-Long Evaluation of Neonatal Septicaemic Escherichia coli: Clonal Lineages, Genomes, and New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase Variants.

Longitudinal studies of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) and epidemic clones of E. coli in association with New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase () in septicaemic neonates are rare. This study captured the diversity of 80 E.

Evaluation of the treatment options for COVID-19 patients using generalized hesitant fuzzy- multi criteria decision making techniques.

The breakout of the pandemic COVID-19 has affected numerous countries and territories worldwide. As COVID-19 specific medicines yet to be invented, at present the treatment is case specific, hence identification and evaluation of different prevalent treatment options based on various criteria and attributes are very important not only from the point of view of present pandemic but also for futuristic pandemic preparedness. The present study focuses on identifying, evaluation and ranking of treatment options using Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM).

Capsaicin derived from endemic chili landraces combats Shigella pathogen: Insights on intracellular inhibition mechanism.

Ethnic tribals in northeast India have been growing and maintaining local chili landraces for ages. These chilies are known for their characteristic pungency and immense therapeutic properties. Capsaicin, a significant chili metabolite, is recognized as a natural drug for pain relief, diabetic neuropathy, psoriasis, arthritis, etc.

Accumulation of Biological and Behavioral Data of Female Sex Workers Using Respondent-Driven Sampling: Protocol for a Systematic Review.

Background: Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is a nonprobability sampling technique that allows the extrapolation of its outcome to the target population. This approach is typically used to overcome the difficulties in studying hidden or difficult-to-reach groups.

Objective: The purpose of this protocol is to generate a systematic review on the accumulation of biological and behavioral data of female sex workers (FSWs) through different surveys that use the RDS method from around the world in the near future.

Plasmid-mediated AmpC in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli from septicaemic neonates: diversity, transmission and phenotypic detection.

Objectives: Presence and dissemination of plasmid-mediated AmpC genes (pAmpCs) have made bacteria cephalosporin-resistant and assessment of their prevalence and diversity is essential. Coexistence of pAmpCs with New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (bla) has facilitated their spread and NDM interferes with correct pAmpC phenotypic identification.

Methods: Assessment of pAmpCs in different species and sequence types (STs), co-transmission with bla and phenotypic detection were analysed among Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 256) and Escherichia coli (n = 92) isolated from septicaemic neonates over 13 years.

attachment-blocking antibodies protect against duodenal ulcer disease.

The majority of the world population carry the gastric pathogen . Fortunately, most individuals experience only low-grade or no symptoms, but in many cases the chronic inflammatory infection develops into severe gastric disease, including duodenal ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Here we report on a protective mechanism where attachment and accompanying chronic mucosal inflammation can be reduced by antibodies that are present in a vast majority of carriers.

Congenital rubella syndrome surveillance in India, 2016-21: Analysis of five years surveillance data.

Background: In India, facility-based surveillance for congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) was initiated in 2016 to estimate the burden and monitor the progress made in rubella control. We analyzed the surveillance data for 2016-2021 from 14 sentinel sites to describe the epidemiology of CRS.

Method: We analyzed the surveillance data to describe the distribution of suspected and laboratory confirmed CRS patients by time, place and person characteristics.

Butyrate driven raft disruption trots off enteric pathogen invasion: possible mechanism of colonization resistance.

The gut microbiome derived short chain fatty acids perform multitude of functions to maintain gut homeostasis. Here we studied how butyrate stymie enteric bacterial invasion in cell using a simplistic binary model. The surface of the mammalian cells is enriched with microdomains rich in cholesterol that are known as rafts and act as entry points for pathogens.

Phylogeny and structural insights of lipase from Halopseudomonas maritima sp. nov., isolated from sea sand.

A Gram-negative, aerobic bacterial strain RR6 was isolated from the sea sand to produce lipase and proposed as a novel species of Halopseudomonas. The optimum growth occurred at 28-37 °C, and the pH was 6.0-8.

Burden of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever in India.

Background: In 2017, more than half the cases of typhoid fever worldwide were projected to have occurred in India. In the absence of contemporary population-based data, it is unclear whether declining trends of hospitalization for typhoid in India reflect increased antibiotic treatment or a true reduction in infection.

Methods: From 2017 through 2020, we conducted weekly surveillance for acute febrile illness and measured the incidence of typhoid fever (as confirmed on blood culture) in a prospective cohort of children between the ages of 6 months and 14 years at three urban sites and one rural site in India.

Glycyrrhizin, an inhibitor of HMGB1 induces autolysosomal degradation function and inhibits Helicobacter pylori infection.

Background: Helicobacter pylori is a key agent for causing gastric complications linked with gastric disorders. In response to infection, host cells stimulate autophagy to maintain cellular homeostasis. However, H.

Multisite surveillance for influenza and other respiratory viruses in India: 2016-2018.

There is limited surveillance and laboratory capacity for non-influenza respiratory viruses in India. We leveraged the influenza sentinel surveillance of India to detect other respiratory viruses among patients with acute respiratory infection. Six centers representing different geographic areas of India weekly enrolled a convenience sample of 5-10 patients with acute respiratory infection (ARI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) between September 2016-December 2018.

Programmatic Effectiveness of a Pediatric Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine Campaign in Navi Mumbai, India.

Background: The World Health Organization recommends vaccines for prevention and control of typhoid fever, especially where antimicrobial-resistant typhoid circulates. In 2018, the Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC) implemented a typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) campaign. The campaign targeted all children aged 9 months through 14 years within NMMC boundaries (approximately 320 000 children) over 2 vaccination phases.

Evolutionary dynamics of influenza A/H1N1 virus circulating in India from 2011 to 2021.

Influenza A viruses (IAV) are fast-evolving pathogens with a very high mutation rate (2.0 × 10 to 2.0 × 10) compared to the influenza B (IBV) and influenza C (ICV) viruses.

Sexually transmitted infections among key populations in India: A protocol for systematic review.

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are one of the leading causes of health, and economic burdens in the developing world, leading to considerable morbidity, mortality, and stigma. The incidence and prevalence of the four curable STIs viz. syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis vary remarkably across different geographical locations.

Prediction of Phage Virion Proteins Using Machine Learning Methods.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major problem and an immediate alternative to antibiotics is the need of the hour. Research on the possible alternative products to tackle bacterial infections is ongoing worldwide. One of the most promising alternatives to antibiotics is the use of bacteriophages (phage) or phage-driven antibacterial drugs to cure bacterial infections caused by AMR bacteria.

Cloning, improved expression and purification of invasion plasmid antigen D (IpaD): an effector protein of enteroinvasive (EIEC).

The widespread increase in broad-spectrum antimicrobial resistance is making it more difficult to treat gastrointestinal infections. Enteroinvasive is a prominent etiological agent of bacillary dysentery, invading via the fecal-oral route and exerting virulence on the host via the type III secretion system. IpaD, a surface-exposed protein on the T3SS tip that is conserved among EIEC and , may serve as a broad immunogen for bacillary dysentery protection.