Establishment of an intragastric surgical model using C57BL/6 mice to study the vaccine efficacy of OMV-based immunogens against Helicobacter pylori.

Chronic gastritis is one of the major symptoms of gastro-duodenal disorders typically induced by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). To date, no suitable model is available to study pathophysiology and therapeutic measures accurately.

The colonization factor CS6 of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli contributes to host cell invasion.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the main causes of diarrhea in children and travelers in low-income regions. The virulence of ETEC is attributed to its heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins, as well as its colonization factors (CFs). CFs are essential for ETEC adherence to the intestinal epithelium.

Self-medication prevalence and associated factors among adult population in Northern India: A community-based cross-sectional study.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine self-medication prevalence and its associated factors.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the urban and rural catchment areas of Uttar Pradesh, India, among 440 adults using a pretested, semistructured questionnaire. The Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to determine the association of self-medication prevalence with various independent variables.

Emerging resistome diversity in clinical Vibrio cholerae strains revealing their role as potential reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance.

Background: This is a unique and novel study delineating the genotyping and subsequent prediction of AMR determinants of Vibrio cholerae revealing the potential of contemporary strains to serve as precursors of severe AMR crisis in cholera.

Methods And Results: Genotyping of representative strains, VC1 and VC2 was undertaken to characterize antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) against chloramphenicol, SXT, nalidixic acid and streptomycin against which they were found to be resistant by antibiogram analysis in our previous investigation. strAB, sxt, sul2, qace∆1-sul1 were detected by PCR.

Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1): Clinical Characteristics and Disease Progression in a Large Cohort.

Background: DM1 is a multisystem disorder caused by expansion of a CTG triplet repeat in the 3' non-coding region of DMPK. Neuropsychological consequences and sleep abnormalities are important associations in DM1.

Objective: To describe the clinical phenotype, disease progression and characterize the sleep alterations and cognitive abnormalities in a sub-set of patients.

Evolutionary divergence of TLR9 through ancestral sequence reconstruction.

The transmembrane pattern recognition receptor, Toll-like receptor (TLR), are best known for their roles in innate immunity via recognition of pathogen and initiation of signaling response. Mammalian TLRs recognize molecular patterns associated with pathogens and initiate innate immune response. We have studied the evolutionary diversity of mammalian TLR genes for differences in immunological response.

Biosimilar in Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review.

Breast cancer (BC) has been identified as a major public health cancer as it topped the list of most prevalent cancers among women in the last three years. Rigorous research has been conducted to improve the prognosis of cancer therapies since the time of inception. Recent advancements in cancer therapy have introduced monoclonal biosimilars as a promising treatment alternative.

Quercetin counteracts monosodium glutamate to mitigate immunosuppression in the thymus and spleen via redox-guided cellular signaling.

Background: Chronic inflammation brought on by oxidative stress can result in several immunopathologies. Natural compounds with antioxidant characteristics, like quercetin, have shown effectiveness in reducing oxidative damage and regulating the immune response.

Purpose: The commonly used food additive monosodium glutamate (M) causes immunosuppression by disrupting redox equilibrium and inducing oxidative stress.

Prevalence and changing antimicrobial resistance profiles of Shigella spp. isolated from diarrheal patients in Kolkata during 2011-2019.

Background: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence, characteristics, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of various Shigella serogroups isolated from patients with acute diarrhea of the Infectious Diseases Hospital in Kolkata from 2011-2019.

Principal Findings: During the study period, Shigella isolates were tested for their serogroups, antibiotic resistance pattern and virulence gene profiles. A total of 5.

An integrated FoodNet in North East India: fostering one health approach to fortify public health.

Background: Food safety is a critical factor in promoting public health and nutrition, especially in developing countries like India, which experience several foodborne disease outbreaks, often with multidrug-resistant pathogens. Therefore, implementing regular surveillance of enteric pathogens in the human-animal-environment interface is necessary to reduce the disease burden in the country.

Objective: To establish a network of laboratories for the identification of major food and waterborne pathogens prevailing in the northeast region of India through integrated surveillance of animal, food, human, and environment and investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the pathogens of public health significance.

ABDpred: Prediction of active antimicrobial compounds using supervised machine learning techniques.

Background Objectives: Discovery of new antibiotics is the need of the hour to treat infectious diseases. An ever-increasing repertoire of multidrug-resistant pathogens poses an imminent threat to human lives across the globe. However, the low success rate of the existing approaches and technologies for antibiotic discovery remains a major bottleneck.

Novel sequence type of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter pittii ST1451 with enhanced virulence isolated from septicaemic neonates in India.

Background: The clinical relevance of Acinetobacter pittii is increasing, but reports of this organism causing neonatal sepsis are rare.

Objectives: To understand the mechanisms of resistance and virulence of A. pittii isolated from neonatal blood belonging to a novel sequence type.

Intranasal immunization of mice with chimera of Salmonella Typhi protein elicits protective intestinal immunity.

Development of safe, highly effective and affordable enteric fever vaccines is a global health priority. Live, oral typhoid vaccines induce strong mucosal immunity and long-term protection, but safety remains a concern. In contrast, efficacy wears off rapidly for injectable, polysaccharide-based vaccines, which elicit poor mucosal response.

Vibriosis in South Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: South Asia remains home to foodborne diseases caused by the Vibrio species. We aimed to compile and update information on the epidemiology of vibriosis in South Asia.

Methods: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar for studies related to vibriosis in South Asia published up to May 2023.

Do Oral Cholera Vaccine and Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Combine to Provide Greater Protection Against Cholera? Results From a Cluster-Randomized Trial of Oral Cholera Vaccine in Kolkata, India.

Background: Oral cholera vaccine (OCV) and incremental improvements in household water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) within cholera-endemic areas can reduce cholera risk. However, we lack empiric evaluation of their combined impact.

Methods: We evaluated a cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled trial of OCV (Shanchol) in Kolkata, India.

A candidate glycoconjugate vaccine induces protective antibodies in the serum and intestinal secretions, antibody recall response and memory T cells and protects against both typhoidal and non-typhoidal serovars.

Human infections pose significant public health challenges globally, primarily due to low diagnostic yield of systemic infections, emerging and expanding antibiotic resistance of both the typhoidal and non-typhoidal strains and the development of asymptomatic carrier state that functions as a reservoir of infection in the community. The limited long-term efficacy of the currently licensed typhoid vaccines, especially in smaller children and non-availability of vaccines against other serovars necessitate active research towards developing a multivalent vaccine with wider coverage of protection against pathogenic serovars. We had earlier reported immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a subunit vaccine containing a recombinant outer membrane protein (T2544) of Typhi in a mouse model.

The Efficacy and Safety of Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir Treatment in Children and Adolescents With Thalassemia and Hepatitis C Virus Infection.

Background/aim: Thalassemia patients are susceptible to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection due to blood transfusions. Currently, data on treating HCV in thalassemic children with direct-acting antivirals is lacking. This study was performed to determine the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir-daclatasvir combination therapy in thalassemic children and adolescents.

Lactate Dehydrogenase as a Biomarker in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis was planned with the objective of evaluating the level of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) in oral submucous fibrosis patients and in controls and comparing them. For this meta-analysis, we searched Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) databases using a search methodology that included combinations of MeSH terms and keywords and included cross-sectional studies to evaluate the levels of LDH in patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF), Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and compared it with the controls. The total number of records identified through database searching was 4161 (n).

Comprehensive full genome analysis of norovirus strains from eastern India, 2017-2021.

Background: Worldwide, noroviruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in people of all age groups. In India, norovirus rates between 1.4 to 44.

Syndemic effect of COVID-19 outbreak on HIV care delivery around the globe: A systematic review using narrative synthesis.

Background: The burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare systems worldwide has been compromising the progress made in the fight against HIV. This paper aims to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted HIV comprehensive care service delivery globally as well as to consolidate the evidence and recommendations that may be useful in averting future crisis.

Methods: This review adheres to PRISMA guidelines.