Hepatitis B Virus Knowledge and HBV-Related Surveillance Status Among HBsAg-Positive Patients in Qidong City: A Rural-Based Cross-Sectional Survey.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate hepatitis B knowledge and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related surveillance status among HBsAg-positive patients, as well as to further explore the relevant influencing factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the HBsAg-positive patients from 8 October 2023 to 10 November 2023 in Qidong City. A self-report questionnaire was developed based on a literature review of similar studies.

Applying Results of Extended Genotyping to Management of Positive Cervicovaginal Human Papillomavirus Test Results: Enduring Guidelines.

Objective: The Enduring Consensus Cervical Cancer Screening and Management Guidelines Committee developed recommendations for the use of extended genotyping results in cervical cancer prevention programs.

Methods: Risks of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse were calculated using data obtained with the Onclarity HPV Assay from large cohorts. Management recommendations were based on clinical action thresholds developed for the 2019 American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology Risk-Based Management Consensus Guidelines.

Extending the translational science benefits model to implementation science for cancer prevention and control.

Introduction: There is increasing pressure on the federal research budget and shifting public opinions about the value of the academic enterprise. We must develop and apply metrics that demonstrate the broad benefits of research for health and society. The Translational Science Benefits Model (TSBM) measures the impact of large-scale translational science initiatives, such as the National Cancer Institute's Cancer Moonshot.

State of Lung Cancer in Egypt: Moving Towards Improved Guidelines for Prevention, Screening, Treatment, and Clinical Care Programs.

Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally and presents significant challenges in Egypt. In 2023, the first annual meeting of the Thoracic Oncology Multidisciplinary Faculty, organized by the Egyptian Cancer Research Network and the Egyptian Society of Respiratory Neoplasms, was held in Cairo, Egypt. The meeting aimed to address gaps in lung cancer management across Egypt and the broader Middle East and North Africa region.

Risk of Lung Cancer and Risk Factors of Lung Cancer in People Infected with Tuberculosis.

This study investigated lung cancer risk in people infected with tuberculosis (TB) compared to the general population and evaluated factors associated with lung cancer in TB-infected individuals. Mandatory reported TB infection case data in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea (2010 to 2016) were obtained and linked with medical usage and health screening data from the National Health Information Database. Lung cancer incidence in patients with TB was compared to that in the general population using standardized incidence ratio (SIR), adjusted for age and sex.

Advances in Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies for Oral Cancer: A Short Review.

Oral cancer is a major global health concern, with high incidence and mortality rates, especially in high-risk populations. Early diagnosis remains a challenge, and current treatments, such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, have limited effectiveness, particularly in advanced stages. Recent advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapy offer promising alternatives, providing more precise and personalized treatment options.

How to protect the proximal bronchial tree during stereotactic radiotherapy of ultracentral lung tumors: Lessons from MR-guided treatment.

Purpose: To use imaging data from stereotactic MR-guided online adaptive radiotherapy (SMART) of ultracentral lung tumors (ULT) for development of a safe non-adaptive approach towards stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) of ULT.

Patients And Methods: Analysis is based on 19 patients with ULT who received SMART (10 × 5.0-5.

Three-Level Nanoparticle Rocket Strategy for Colorectal Cancer Therapeutics in Photothermal Therapy, Inflammation Modulation, and Cuproptosis Induction.

Disturbances in intracellular copper (Cu) homeostasis can trigger cuproptosis, a new form of cell death, which, when combined with photothermal therapy (PTT), offers a promising solution to the persistent challenges in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. In this study, a "three-level nanoparticle rocket" strategy is developed by engineering CuO, a multifunctional Cu-based nanoenzyme that is photothermal and has electron transfer properties and antioxidant efficiency. CuO effectively remodels the inflammatory environment by scavenging reactive oxygen species, thereby overcoming the traditional limitations of PTT.

Effect of daily alcohol intake on sex hormone levels among postmenopausal breast cancer survivors on aromatase inhibitor therapy: a randomized controlled crossover pilot study.

Background: Alcohol intake is associated with a higher risk of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC), presumably through its confirmed ability to increase sex hormone levels. Whether consuming alcohol within the recommended limit of one serving per day increases sex hormone levels among postmenopausal women taking aromatase inhibitors (AI) to inhibit estrogen production remains unknown. Therefore, we compared sex hormone levels following white wine to levels following white grape juice among ER + BC survivors taking AIs.

Trends in the epidemiology of intravascular device-associated bacteremia among French hematology patients: insights from the SPIADI prospective multicenter study, 2020-2024.

Hematology patients require central venous catheters for cancer treatment and nutrition, which increases their risk of intravascular device-associated bacteremia. In the absence of recent data, we investigated intravascular device-associated bacteremia in this specific context. A three-month surveillance was conducted annually in 27 hematology wards, using a protocol derived from the HAI-Net ICU ECDC protocol (2020-2024).

Severe obesity, high inflammation, insulin resistance with risks of all-cause mortality and all-site cancers, and potential modification by healthy lifestyles.

Severe obesity is often associated with inflammation and insulin resistance (IR), which expected to increase the risks of mortality and cancers. However, this relationship remains controversial, and it's unclear whether healthy lifestyles can mitigate these risks. The independent and joint associations of severe obesity (body mass index ≥ 35 m/kg), inflammation (C-reactive protein > 10 mg/L and systemic inflammation markers > 9th decile), and IR surrogates with the risks of all-cause mortality and all-site cancers, were evaluated in 163,008 participants from the UK Biobank cohort.

Immunogenomic determinants of exceptional response to immune checkpoint inhibition in renal cell carcinoma.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors can lead to 'exceptional', durable responses in a subset of persons. However, the molecular basis of exceptional response (ER) to immunotherapy in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC) has not been well characterized. Here we analyzed pretherapy genomic and transcriptomic data in treatment-naive persons with mccRCC treated with standard-of-care immunotherapies: (1) combination of programmed cell death protein and ligand 1 (PD1/PDL1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 inhibitors (IO/IO) or (2) combination of PD1/PDL1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor inhibitors (IO/VEGF).

Prospective validation of ORACLE, a clonal expression biomarker associated with survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

Human tumors are diverse in their natural history and response to treatment, which in part results from genetic and transcriptomic heterogeneity. In clinical practice, single-site needle biopsies are used to sample this diversity, but cancer biomarkers may be confounded by spatiogenomic heterogeneity within individual tumors. Here we investigate clonally expressed genes as a solution to the sampling bias problem by analyzing multiregion whole-exome and RNA sequencing data for 450 tumor regions from 184 patients with lung adenocarcinoma in the TRACERx study.

Sugemule-7 alleviates oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cell death, promoting synaptic plasticity recovery in mice with postpartum depression.

Postpartum depression (PPD) profoundly impacts the mental and physical health of women globally and is an incurable psychological disorder. Traditional pharmacological treatments often have strong side effects and may adversely affect infant health through breastfeeding, underscoring the critical need for natural and gentle treatment strategies. Sugemule-7, a traditional Chinese medicine comprising multiple natural plant ingredients, represents a potentially safer and more effective alternative.

Integrated healthy lifestyle even in late-life mitigates cognitive decline risk across varied genetic susceptibility.

It remains unclear whether the benefits of adhering to a healthy lifestyle outweigh the effects of high genetic risk on cognitive decline. We examined the association of combined lifestyle factors and genetic risk with changes in cognitive function and six specific dimensions of cognition among older adults from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (1998-2018, n = 18,811, a subset of 6301 participants with genetic information). Compared to participants with an unfavorable lifestyle, those with a favorable lifestyle showed a 46.

Impact of population screening for Lynch syndrome insights from the All of Us data.

Lynch Syndrome (LS) is a common genetic cancer condition that allows for personalized cancer prevention and early cancer detection in identified gene carriers. We used data from the All of Us (AOU) Research Initiative to assess the prevalence of LS in the general U.S.

Early identification of potentially reversible cancer cachexia using explainable machine learning driven by body weight dynamics: a multicenter cohort study.

Background: Cachexia is associated with multiple adverse outcomes in cancer. However, clinical decision-making for oncology patients at the cachexia stage presents significant challenges.

Objective: This study aims to develop a machine learning (ML) model to identify potentially reversible cancer cachexia (PRCC).

Prevalence of Nicotine Pouch Use Among Youth and Adults in Great Britain-Analysis of Cross-Sectional, Nationally Representative Surveys.

Background: The public health impact of new nicotine products will depend on their use by different population groups. We assessed the prevalence of nicotine pouch use among youth and adults in Great Britain (GB).

Aims And Methods: Cross-sectional annual Action on Smoking and Health Smokefree GB Adult Surveys 2020-2024 (n: 12 247 to 13 266, 18+) and Action on Smoking and Health Smokefree GB Youth Survey 2024 (n = 2872 11-18-year-olds).

Global Epidemiology of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease, Liver Cancer, and Alcohol Use Disorder, 2000-2021.

Background/aims: Alcohol represents a leading burden of disease worldwide, including alcohol use disorder (AUD) and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). We aim to assess the global burden of AUD, ALD, and alcohol-attributable primary liver cancer between 2000-2021.

Methods: We registered the global and regional trends of AUD, ALD, and alcohol-related liver cancer using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 Study, the largest and most up-to-date global epidemiology database.

Prevalence rate of high-grade cytological lesions of the cervix in women aged under 25 years in French Guiana.

Introduction: The incidence of cervical cancer in French Guiana is among the highest worldwide. It ranks 5th among all cancers and is the 2nd most common cancer in women after breast cancer. The primary objective of this study was to establish the proportion of high-grade cytological lesions of the cervix in women under 25 years of age who underwent a cervico-uterine smear (CUS) in French Guiana over a 10-year period.

Protection against tuberculosis by vaccination of secreted chorismate mutase (Rv1885c) combined with a hepatitis B virus (HBV)-derived peptide, Poly6, and alum adjuvants.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health issue due to the limited efficacy of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, highlighting the need for the development of an improved TB vaccine. In this study, we created a novel TB subunit vaccine consisting of TB-secreted chorismate mutase (TBCM) (Rv1885c) and a hepatitis B virus (HBV)-derived peptide (Poly6), which elicits Type I interferon responses, both with and without an alum adjuvant. We evaluated the immunogenicity, protective efficacy, and therapeutic efficacy of this vaccine candidate in an in vivo mouse model.

Development of a framework to structure decision-making in environmental and occupational health: A systematic review and Delphi study.

Background: Environmental and occupational health (EOH) assessments increasingly utilize systematic review methods and structured frameworks for evaluating evidence about the human health effects of exposures. However, there is no prevailing approach for how to integrate this evidence into decisions or recommendations. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) evidence-to-decision (EtD) frameworks provide a structure to support standardized and transparent consideration of relevant criteria to inform health decisions.

Cervical cancer care at a tertiary oncology facility in Uganda: Comparing daily practice with national treatment targets on cervical cancer control.

Objective: Treatment of cervical cancer patients in Uganda is hampered by late diagnosis due to the unavailability of timely screening and limited availability of advanced cancer care. This study evaluated the clinical presentation and management of cervical cancer patients presenting at the Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI) in Kampala, the tertiary oncology facility in Uganda with access to radiotherapy and reflected on daily clinical practice to identify priority areas for improving cervical cancer care in Uganda.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed medical records of all cervical cancer patients presenting to UCI between January 2017 and March 2018 for sociodemographic characteristics and clinical variables with descriptive statistics.

A data management system for precision medicine.

Precision, or personalised medicine has advanced requirements for medical data management systems (MedDMSs). MedDMS for precision medicine should be able to process hundreds of parameters from multiple sites, be adaptable while remaining in sync at multiple locations, real-time syncing to analytics and be compliant with international privacy legislation. This paper describes the LogiqSuite software solution, aimed to support a precision medicine solution at the patient care (LogiqCare), research (LogiqScience) and data science (LogiqAnalytics) level.

Clinical Decision Support and Cardiometabolic Medication Adherence: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Medication adherence is important for managing blood pressure (BP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Interventions to improve medication adherence are needed.

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of an intervention using algorithmic identification of low medication adherence, clinical decision support to physicians, and pharmacist outreach to patients to improve cardiometabolic medication adherence and BP, LDL-C, and HbA1c control.