Combining stereo-video monitoring and physiological trials to estimate reef fish metabolic demands in the wild.

Organismal metabolic rates (MRs) are the basis of energy and nutrient fluxes through ecosystems. In the marine realm, fishes are some of the most prominent consumers. However, their metabolic demand in the wild (field MR [FMR]) is poorly documented, because it is challenging to measure directly.

Genetic analyses reveal complex dynamics within a marine fish management area.

Genetic data have great potential for improving fisheries management by identifying the fundamental management units-that is, the biological populations-and their mixing. However, so far, the number of practical cases of marine fisheries management using genetics has been limited. Here, we used Atlantic cod in the Baltic Sea to demonstrate the applicability of genetics to a complex management scenario involving mixing of two genetically divergent populations.