CCR7A defines a subpopulation of IgDIgM B cells with higher IgD secreting capacity in the rainbow trout skin.

B cells exclusively expressing IgD on the cell surface (IgDIgM B cells) have been identified in mammals, where they seem to play a still not well-defined role in peripheral tolerance. These cells have also been reported in catfish () peripheral blood and in several mucosal tissues of rainbow trout (), including gut, gills and skin. As in mammals, the precise function of these cells remains obscure, yet, in rainbow trout mucosal surfaces, these cells have been shown to be differentiated to plasma-like cells.

Assessing Environmental Effects upon Modeling the Individual Lactation Curve of a Local Goat Population in a Pastoral System.

The present study aims to use Wood's model to determine the parameters of individual lactation curves in a local goat population and their factors of variation under a pastoral system. A total of 137,927 records from 432 local goats were collected to assess the impact of litter size, year and month of kidding, herd and the age of the dam on lactation curve parameters. Wood's model parameters were estimated using non-linear regression, and individual curves were fitted.

Effect of the combined addition of ultrasonicated kraft lignin and montmorillonite on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose bionanocomposites.

Although hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) has been proposed as renewable substitute for traditional plastic, its barrier and active properties need to be improved. Thus, the combination of an organic residue such as kraft lignin (0-10% w/w) and a natural clay such as montmorillonite (3% w/w) by application of ultrasound can significantly improve HPMC properties. This is most likely due to the close interaction between lignin and montmorillonite, which leads to delamination of the clay and improves its dispersion within the HPMC matrix.

Gene Is Required for -Mediated Resistance of Tomato to the Whitefly .

The gene of tomato () confers resistance against some nematodes and insects, but the resistance mechanisms differ depending on the harmful organism, as a hypersensitive reaction (HR) occurs only in the case of nematodes. The gene is required for -mediated resistance to nematodes, aphids, and whiteflies, and several additional proteins also play a role in this resistance. Among them, the involvement of the chaperone HSP90 has been demonstrated in -mediated resistance for aphids and nematodes, but not for whiteflies.

Short and long-term effects of nanobiomaterials in fish cell lines. Applicability of RTgill-W1.

Nanobiomaterials (NBMs) are nanostructured materials for biomedical applications that can reach aquatic organisms. The short and long-term effects of these emerging contaminants are unknown in fish. The RTgill-W1 cell line has been proposed as a model to predict the acute toxicity of chemicals to fish (OECD Test Guideline nº 249).

Evolution of influenza A virus in intensive and free-range swine farms in Spain.

Swine harbor genetically diverse influenza A viruses (IAVs) with the capacity to host-switch to humans, causing global pandemics. Spain is the largest swine producer in Europe and has a mixed production system that includes 'white coat' pigs raised intensively in modern buildings and free-range Iberian pigs that interface differently with humans, wildlife, and other swine. Through active longitudinal IAV surveillance in nine Spanish provinces during 2015-9, we generated forty-seven complete or near-complete genome sequences from IAVs collected from swine in both systems.