Does Mycobacterium bovis persist in cattle in a non-replicative latent state as Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human beings?

Members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) are responsible for tuberculosis in several mammals. In this complex, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis, which are closely related, show host preference for humans and cattle, respectively. Although human and bovine tuberculosis are clinically similar, M.

Follicular wave dynamics and Growth factors gene expression in Braford heifers.

The objectives of the present study were (experiment 1) to characterized development and dynamics of the dominant follicles (DF) and the corpus luteum (CL) to determine patterns of two (W2) and three (W3) follicular waves in beef heifers, and (experiment 2) to determine gene expression of growth factors gene expression in follicular cells of W2 and W3 heifer. Twenty-eight Braford heifers were used. Dominant follicular and CL were monitored daily by ultrasonography to identify the development W2 and W3 in heifers.

A Phenotypic Characterization of Two Isolates of a Multidrug-Resistant Outbreak Strain of with Opposite Epidemiological Fitness.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease, caused by , primarily affecting the lungs. The strain of the Haarlem family named M was responsible for a large multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) outbreak in Buenos Aires. This outbreak started in the early 1990s and in the mid 2000s still accounted for 29% of all MDR-TB cases in Argentina.

Evaluation of a competitive inhibition ELISA based on the recombinant protein tSAG1 to detect anti- antibodies in cattle.

is a protozoan parasite that causes abortion and important economic losses in cattle worldwide. There are no treatments or vaccines available; disease control is based on diagnosis and herd management strategies. We developed, validated, and evaluated under field conditions a competitive inhibition ELISA based on the truncated SAG1 protein (tSAG1), expressed in , and the RafNeo5 monoclonal antibody (ciELISA).

Production of Mycobacterium bovis Antigens Included in Recombinant Occlusion Bodies of Baculovirus.

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a disease produced by Mycobacterium bovis that affects livestock, wild animals, and humans. The classical diagnostic method to detect bTB is measuring the response induced with the intradermal injection of purified protein derivative of M. bovis (PPDb).

Recent progress in bovine in vitro-derived embryo cryotolerance: Impact of in vitro culture systems, advances in cryopreservation and future considerations.

Cryopreservation of in vitro-derived bovine embryos is a crucial step for the widespread reproduction and conservation of valuable high-merit animals. Given the current popularity of bovine in vitro embryo production (IVP), there is a demand for a highly efficient ultra-low temperature storage method in order to maximize donor ovum pickup (OPU) turn-over, recipient availability/utilization and domestic/overseas commercial trading opportunities. However, IVP bovine embryos are still very sensitive to chilling and cryopreservation, and despite recent progress, a convenient (simple and robust) protocol has not yet been developed.

Effect of boar seminal dose type (cervical compared with post-cervical insemination) on cooling curve, sperm quality and storage time.

Seminal doses used for cervical and post-cervical artificial insemination (CAI and PCAI, respectively) vary in volume, the number of spermatozoa and packaging. The aim was to evaluate the outcomes when there was use of routine processing procedures for CAI- and PCAI-doses. Two different types of seminal doses were processed: 1) CAI: 2.

Rv2617c and P36 are virulence factors of pathogenic mycobacteria involved in resistance to oxidative stress.

In this study, we characterized the role of Rv2617c in the virulence of . Rv2617c is a protein of unknown function unique to complex (MTC) and , this protein interacts with the virulence factor P36 (also named Erp) and KdpF, a protein linked to nitrosative stress. Here, we showed that knockout of the gene in CDC1551 reduced the replication of the pathogen in a mouse model of infection and favored the trafficking of mycobacteria to phagolysosomes.

Ovine Abortion by Neospora caninum: First Case Reported in Argentina.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe for the first time a natural case of ovine abortion associated with Neospora caninum in a flock with reproductive losses in Argentina.

Materials And Methods: The analyzed flock consisted of 256 Texel sheep, of which 134 had been mated. A single blood sample was obtained by jugular vein puncture from 220 ewes (116 adult ewes, 104 yearling ewes) and 93 lambs.

Genomic Prediction of Grain Yield and Drought-Adaptation Capacity in Sorghum Is Enhanced by Multi-Trait Analysis.

Grain yield and stay-green drought adaptation trait are important targets of selection in grain sorghum breeding for broad adaptation to a range of environments. Genomic prediction for these traits may be enhanced by joint multi-trait analysis. The objectives of this study were to assess the capacity of multi-trait models to improve genomic prediction of parental breeding values for grain yield and stay-green in sorghum by using information from correlated auxiliary traits, and to determine the combinations of traits that optimize predictive results in specific scenarios.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as complement of intradermal skin test for the detection of mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle.

Diagnostic tests based on cell-mediated immunity are used in programs for the control and eradication of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), which is mainly caused by Mycobacterium bovis. Additional serological assays could be performed as an ancillary method to detect an infected animal that fails to produce an immune response against the intradermal reaction (IDR), the official bTB test. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that uses bovine PPD as a capture antigen as a complement to the IDR in herds with confirmed cases of bTB.

Combining pedigree and genomic information to improve prediction quality: an example in sorghum.

The use of a kinship matrix integrating pedigree- and marker-based relationships optimized the performance of genomic prediction in sorghum, especially for traits of lower heritability. Selection based on genome-wide markers has become an active breeding strategy in crops. Genomic prediction models can make use of pedigree information to account for the residual polygenic effects not captured by markers.

Human cathelicidin improves colonic epithelial defenses against Salmonella typhimurium by modulating bacterial invasion, TLR4 and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

The intestinal mucosa contributes to frontline gut defenses by forming a barrier (physical and biochemical) and preventing the entry of pathogenic microbes. One innate role of the human colonic epithelium is to secrete cathelicidin, a peptide with broad antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions. In this study, the effect of cathelicidin in the maintenance of epithelial integrity, Toll-like receptor recognition, bacterial invasion and initiation of inflammatory response against Salmonella typhimurium is investigated in cultured human colonic epithelium.

Adequate vegetative cover decreases nitrous oxide emissions from cattle urine deposited in grazed pastures under rainy season conditions.

A decline in pasture productivity is often associated with a reduction in vegetative cover. We hypothesize that nitrogen (N) in urine deposited by grazing cattle on degraded pastures, with low vegetative cover, is highly susceptible to losses. Here, we quantified the magnitude of urine-based nitrous oxide (NO) lost from soil under paired degraded (low vegetative cover) and non-degraded (adequate vegetative cover) pastures across five countries of the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region and estimated urine-N emission factors.

Delayed type hypersensitivity induced by intradermal inoculation of a Neospora caninum tachyzoite antigen in previously exposed cattle.

The aim of this study was to evaluate delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) induced by the intradermal inoculation of a Neospora caninum tachyzoite soluble lysate in cattle previously exposed with the protozoa. Four experimental groups were selected according to the prior exposure to N. caninum antigen.

Identification of bovine tuberculosis biomarkers to detect tuberculin skin test and IFNγ release assay false negative cattle.

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an important animal and zoonotic disease, which causes severe economic losses. The main focus of this study was to assess the predictive power of previously identified biomarkers of bTB in infected animals that were negative to the tuberculin skin test (TST). We studied 16 animals with bTB, in which the disease was confirmed by necropsy, and 16 healthy animals.

Macrophages and Galectin 3 Control Bacterial Burden in Acute and Subacute Murine Leptospirosis That Determines Chronic Kidney Fibrosis.

Previous studies have suggested that macrophages may contribute to acute dissemination, as well as having a major role in kidney fibrosis. Our aim was to characterize the role of macrophages and galectin 3 (Gal-3) on the survival, clinical course, bacterial burden, interstitial nephritis, and chronic kidney fibrosis in serovar Copenhageni (LIC)-induced experimental murine leptospirosis. C57BL/6J mice depleted of macrophages by liposome-encapsulated clodronate treatment and infected with LIC presented a higher bacterial burden, had reduced subacute nephritis and enhanced chronic kidney fibrosis relative to untreated, infected mice.

Population Abundance and Ecosystem Service Provision: The Case of Birds.

Although there is a diversity of concerns about recent persistent declines in the abundances of many species, the implications for the associated delivery of ecosystem services to people are surprisingly poorly understood. In principle, there are a broad range of potential functional relationships between the abundance of a species or group of species and the magnitude of ecosystem-service provision. Here, we identify the forms these relationships are most likely to take.

Soil microbial communities and glyphosate decay in soils with different herbicide application history.

This study evaluates the glyphosate dissipation under field conditions in three types of soil, and aims to determine the importance of the following factors in the environmental persistence of herbicide: i) soil bacterial communities, ii) soil physicochemical properties, iii) previous exposure to the herbicide. A soil without previous record of GP application (P0) and two agricultural soils, with 5 and >10years of GP exposure (A5 and A10) were subjected to the application of glyphosate at doses of 3mg·kg. The concentration of GP and AMPA was determined over time and the dynamics of soil bacterial communities was evaluated using 16S ARN ribosomal gene amplicon-sequencing.

Comparison of four polymerase chain reaction assays for the detection of spp. in clinical samples from dogs.

Aim: This study aimed to compare the sensitivity (S), specificity (Sp), and positive likelihood ratios (LR+) of four polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for the detection of spp. in dog's clinical samples.

Materials And Methods: A total of 595 samples of whole blood, urine, and genital fluids were evaluated between October 2014 and November 2016.

Utilization of molecular and conventional methods for the identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from different water sources.

Background: The environment is the nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) reservoir, opportunistic pathogens of great diversity and ubiquity, which is observed in the constant description of new species capable of causing infection. Since its introduction, molecular methods are essential for species identification. Most comparative studies between molecular and conventional methods, have used isolated strains from clinical samples.

Cathelicidin modulates synthesis of Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) 4 and 9 in colonic epithelium.

Cathelicidin are innate antimicrobial peptides with broad immunomodulatory functions; however, their role in regulating intestinal defenses is not well characterized. This study aimed to investigate the role of cathelicidin modulating expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 4 and 9 in colonic epithelium in response to bacterial patterns. We demonstrated herein that intestinal epithelial cells, when primed by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), responded to cathelicidin by increased transcription and protein synthesis of TLR4.

In vitro anti-tuberculosis activity of azole drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates.

Background: Latent tuberculosis has been associated with the persistence of dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the organism of infected individuals, who are reservoirs of the bacilli and the source for spreading the disease in the community. New active anti-TB drugs exerting their metabolic action at different stages and on latent/dormant bacilli are urgently required to avoid endogenous reactivations and to be part of treatments of multi- and extensively-drug resistant tuberculosis (M/XDR-TB). It was previously reported that azole drugs are active against M.

Relationships Between Bioactive Compound Content and the Antiplatelet and Antioxidant Activities of Six Vegetable Species.

sp. vegetables are widely consumed for their characteristic flavour. Additionally, their consumption may provide protection against cardiovascular disease due to their antiplatelet and antioxidant activities.