Photoreactions of the CH-SO Complex in a Low-Temperature Matrix Investigated by Infrared Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Calculations.

Ethylene and sulfur dioxide molecules were co-deposited on a CsI window at cryogenic temperature, and the photoproducts upon UV irradiation were observed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The products were found to be UV wavelength-dependent; at shorter wavelengths (λ = 266 nm) one strong peak was observed while more than three peaks were identified at longer UV wavelengths (λ = 300 nm). Spectral features changed seamlessly along with UV wavelength.

Molecular Insights into the Inhibition of Lipid Accumulation in Hepatocytes by Unique Extracts of Ashwagandha.

We investigated the effect of purified withanolides and extracts derived from Ashwagandha on steatosis, the abnormal accumulation of fat that can lead to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Collaborator of ARF (CARF, also known as CDKN2AIP, a protein that regulates hepatic lipid metabolism, fat buildup, and liver damage) was used as an indicator. Six withanolides (Withaferin A, Withanone, Withanolide B, Withanoside IV, Withanoside V, and Withanostraminolide-12 deoxy) reversed the decrease in CARF caused by exposure to free fatty acids (FFAs) in liver-derived cells (HepG2 hepatocytes).

Mechanistic Insights into Oxygen-Independent DNA Photodegradation by Pheophorbide a: Implications for Future Photodynamic Therapy Applications.

This study explores the unique properties of Pheophorbide a (Phed a) in the photodegradation of G-quadruplex DNA under anoxic conditions, emphasizing its potential for photodynamic therapy (PDT) in hypoxic tumor environments. We used electron spin resonance (ESR), circular dichroism (CD), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies to assess the radical generation and DNA interaction capabilities of Phed a compared to Pyropheophorbide a (Pyro a) under both oxygenated and anoxic conditions. Our results reveal that Phed a effectively degrades G-quadruplex DNA in the absence of oxygen, whereas Pyro a does not.

A Brief Chronicle of Antibody Research and Technological Advances.

This review briefly traces the historical development of antibody research and related technologies. The path from early perceptions of immunity to the emergence of modern immunotherapy has been marked by pivotal discoveries and technological advances. Early insights into immunity led to the development of vaccination and serotherapy.

Self-Reinforced Cathode Interface to Prolong the Cyclic Stability of Zn-MnO Batteries.

Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (RAZIBs) are attracting increasing attention due to their advantages in safety, cost, and energy density. However, the choice of electrode binders when using aqueous electrolytes faces many constraints, as nontoxic and low-cost hydrophilic binders, such as sodium alginate (SA), can lead to electrode damage due to excessive swelling in aqueous solution. Here, by employing double-network hydrogel electrolytes formed by poly(vinyl alcohol) and alginate, the content and activity of water molecules at the electrode-electrolyte interface are reduced, and the mechanical stability of the electrode is reinforced, thereby affording reliable protection to the cathode bonded with SA.

Personalized phosphoproteomics of skeletal muscle insulin resistance and exercise links MINDY1 to insulin action.

Type 2 diabetes is preceded by a defective insulin response, yet our knowledge of the precise mechanisms is incomplete. Here, we investigate how insulin resistance alters skeletal muscle signaling and how exercise partially counteracts this effect. We measured parallel phenotypes and phosphoproteomes of insulin-resistant (IR) and insulin-sensitive (IS) men as they responded to exercise and insulin (n = 19, 114 biopsies), quantifying over 12,000 phosphopeptides in each biopsy.

γ-Secretase Cleaves Bifunctional Fatty Acid-Conjugated Small Molecules with Amide Bonds in Mammalian Cells.

Connecting two small molecules, such as ligands, fluorophores, or lipids, together via a linker with amide bonds is a widely used strategy to generate synthetic bifunctional molecules for various biological and biomedical applications. Such bifunctional molecules have been used in live-cell experiments under the assumption that they should be stable in cells. However, we recently found that a membrane-targeting bifunctional molecule, composed of a lipopeptide and the small-molecule ligand trimethoprim, referred to as mgcTMP, underwent amide-bond cleavage in mammalian cells.

Handedness manipulation of propagating antiferromagnetic magnons.

Antiferromagnetic magnons possess a distinctive feature absent in their ferromagnetic counterparts: the presence of two distinct handedness modes, the right-handed (RH) and left-handed (LH) precession modes. The magnon handedness determines the sign of spin polarization carried by the propagating magnon, which is indispensable for harnessing the diverse functionalities in magnonic devices, such as data encoding, magnon polarization-based logic systems, and quantum applications involving magnons. However, the control of coherently propagating magnon handedness in antiferromagnets has remained elusive.

Persistent negative self-referent thinking in the context of depression: examining the role of temperament and emotion regulation.

Cognitive models of depression posit that persistent negative self-referent thinking (PNSRT) is an important vulnerability factor for depressive symptoms. The mechanisms involved are still understudied, especially in adolescence. PNSRT has been assessed by a behavioural decision-making task, namely the emotional reversal learning task (ERLT).

Correction: Controllable biomolecule release from self-assembled organic nanotubes with asymmetric surfaces: pH and temperature dependence.

Correction for 'Controllable biomolecule release from self-assembled organic nanotubes with asymmetric surfaces: pH and temperature dependence' by Naohiro Kameta , , 2008, , 1681-1687, https://doi.org/10.1039/B803742F.

Dissociation Chemistry of Protonated α-, β- and Other Amino Acids Using Multiple Stage Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

To discriminate amino acid isomers by multiple stage tandem mass spectrometry (MS), the fragmentation of protonated amino acids were investigated by MS with collision-induced dissociation (CID) and density functional theory calculations. The CID of protonated α-amino acids results in a loss of 46 Da, corresponding to HO and CO, and iminium ions appear as resultant fragments. The CID of protonated β-amino acids also produces iminium ions, but the corresponding loss is 60 Da instead of 46 Da.

Thermally stable BiTe/WSe Van Der Waals contacts for pMOSFETs application.

Novel van der Waals (vdW) contacts formed by layered BiTe are found effective in improving the performance of WSe pMOSFETs. As compared with conventional transition metal-based Ni/Au S/D contacts, over 10 times on-state current improvement is achieved. vdW interface formation between BiTe and WSe is confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning transmission electron microscope observation.

Enhancement of mono-acylated MEL-D production in an acyltransferase gene-deleted strain of by supplementation with di-acylated MEL-B in culture medium.

Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are glycolipid biosurfactants produced by various yeasts. MEL producers produce mainly di-acylated MELs (consisting of two fatty acid chains). Among them, is a di-acylated MEL-B (d-MEL-B) producer.

Acoustic radiation force impulse (push pulse)-induced lung hemorrhage: investigating the effect of ultrasound contrast agent in rabbits.

Purpose: Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) are emerging techniques that are becoming common in ultrasound examinations. We previously reported that ARFI (push pulse) induced lung hemorrhage in rabbits, indicating that greater risks are associated with ARFI than with conventional ultrasound. In this study, we assessed the risk of lung hemorrhage under a combination of ARFI elastography and CEUS, considering potential exacerbation of ARFI-induced lung hemorrhage as a result of the ultrasound contrast agent (UCA) used in CEUS.

Photo-assisted epitaxial growth from nanoparticles to enhance multi-materialization for advanced surface functionalization.

To meet the requirements of freeform objects, a wide range of highly designable resin-based materials has been created, highlighting the need for low-temperature ceramic deposition methods for surface functionalization. Photo-assisted chemical solution deposition (PCSD), an efficient technique for low-temperature ceramic growth, is used to fabricate thin films photochemical and photothermal effects. The hybrid-solution-incorporated PCSD (HS-PCSD), in which a hybrid-solution comprising metal-organic compounds and nanoparticles is used in PCSD, has attracted considerable interest as it enables deposition at reduced temperatures and accelerated rates.

Conformational Variability Prediction of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinins with Amino Acid Mutations Using Supersecondary Structure Code.

Supersecondary structure code (SSSC), which is represented as a conformation term using the letters "H," "S," "T," and "D" for each amino acid peptide unit, can be utilized to look up supersecondary structure motifs like a helix-hairpin-helix (HhH) motif as character strings from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) structure files. The deep neural network-based conformational variability prediction system of protein structures (SSSCPreds) can simultaneously predict locations of protein flexibility or rigidity and the shapes of those regions with high accuracy. The sequence flexibility/rigidity map obtained from SSSCPreds has the prediction accuracy enough to discuss the correlation with the sequence-to-phenotype ones by mutations.

One-Step Esterification of Phosphoric, Phosphonic and Phosphinic Acids with Organosilicates: Phosphorus Chemical Recycling of Sewage Waste.

Global concerns regarding the depletion and strategic importance of phosphorus resources have increased demand for the recovery and recycling. However, waste-derived phosphorus compounds, primarily as chemically inert phosphoric acid or its salts, present a challenge to their direct conversion into high-value chemicals. We aimed to develop an innovative technology that utilizes the large quantities of sewage waste, bypasses the use of white phosphorus, and enables esterification of phosphoric acid to produce widely applicable phosphate triesters.

Analysis of lactic acid bacteria species in Miang, a post-fermented tea in Thailand, and their potential use as probiotics.

Introduction: Miang is one of the post-fermented teas made in Northern Thailand. Although lactic acid bacteria are involved in fermentation of Miang, details are still not clear. This study investigated the diversity of bacteria, related to fermentation of Miang.

Insights into Target Gas-Oxygen Interactions in Highly Sensitive Gas Sensors Using Data-Driven Methods.

In the gas-sensing mechanism of a metal-oxide-semiconductor (n-type) gas sensor, oxygen adsorption or desorption on the oxide surface leads to an increase or decrease in the resistance of the gas sensor system. Additionally, oxygen can be adsorbed again at the location where initially adsorbed oxygen reacted with the target gas. Thus, the adsorption-desorption equilibrium of the reducing gas on the oxide surface is a significant factor in determining the sensitivity and reaction rate.

The Statistics of Parametrized Syncmers in a Simple Mutation Process Without Spurious Matches.

Often, bioinformatics uses summary sketches to analyze next-generation sequencing data, but most sketches are not well understood statistically. Under a simple mutation model, Blanca et al. analyzed complete sketches, that is, the complete set of unassembled -mers, from two closely related sequences.