Measurement of trace I in natural water with ozone reaction for effective separation of spectral interferences.

Tandem quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry has the potential capability to measure I at extremely low concentration if spectral interferences from Xe and IH can be eliminated effectively. Ozone was introduced as the reaction gas, resulting significantly improved reactions of (I→IO) and (I→IO ), and permitted the highly sensitive measurement of I as IO and IO , helping eliminate spectral interferences related to Xe and IH . In isotopic ratio (I/I) analysis by measuring (I→IO )/(I→IO ), a blank ratio of 6.

Antiferromagnetic spin-torque diode effect in a kagome Weyl semimetal.

Spintronics based on ferromagnets has enabled the development of microwave oscillators and diodes. To achieve even faster operation, antiferromagnets hold great promise despite their challenging manipulation. So far, controlling antiferromagnetic order with microwave currents remains elusive.

A new cannabigerolic acid derivative and its unprenylated precursor produced through the reconstitution of cannabinoid biosynthesis in Streptomyces.

A new derivative of cannabigerolic acid, designated as iso-cannabigerolic acid (iso-CBGA), a member of the cannabinoid family, and its precursor iso-olivetolic acid (iso-OA) were discovered from the culture of the engineered Streptomyces avermitilis heterologously expressing the genes responsible for cannabigerolic acid biosynthesis. Structural determination revealed an iso-pentyl moiety, which may arise from the biosynthetic precursor pool present in S. avermitilis.

A transphyletic study of metazoan β-catenin protein complexes.

Beta-catenin is essential for diverse biological processes, such as body axis determination and cell differentiation, during metazoan embryonic development. Beta-catenin is thought to exert such functions through complexes formed with various proteins. Although β-catenin complex proteins have been identified in several bilaterians, little is known about the structural and functional properties of β-catenin complexes in early metazoan evolution.

Correction: Establishment and characterization of noro-VLP measurement by digital ELISA.

Correction for 'Establishment and characterization of noro-VLP measurement by digital ELISA' by Takema Hasegawa , , 2024, , 7089-7094, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4AY01012D.

Bacterial phylotypes associated with rock-dwelling Lichens from Arctic/Subarctic areas in North America and Northern Europe.

Unlabelled: The diversity of bacteria associated with lichens has received increasing attention. However, studies based on next-generation sequencing of microbiomes have not yet been conducted in the Arctic and Subarctic regions. In this study, rock-dwelling lichens belonging to the Umbilicariaceae family were sampled from the Arctic and Subarctic biological zones.

Fibrillin-1 G234D mutation in the hybrid1 domain causes tight skin associated with dysregulated elastogenesis and increased collagen cross-linking in mice.

Fibrillin-1, an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein encoded by the FBN1 gene, serves as a microfibril scaffold crucial for elastic fiber formation and homeostasis in pliable tissue such as the skin. Aside from causing Marfan syndrome, some mutations in FBN1 result in scleroderma, marked by hardened and thicker skin which limits joint mobility. Here, we describe a tight skin phenotype in the Fbn1 mice carrying a corresponding variant of FBN1 in the hybrid1 domain that was identified in a patient with familial aortic dissection.

Reversible Sliding Motion by Hole-Injection in Ammonium-Linked Ferrocene, Electronically Decoupled from Noble Metal Substrate by Crown-Ether Template Layer.

Artificial molecular machines, especially when based on wheel-and-axle complexes, can generate mechanical motions in response to external stimuli. Ferrocene (Fc) is a key component, but it decomposes at 300 K on metal surfaces. Here, a novel method is presented to construct and control the molecular complex composed of ammonium-linked ferrocene (Fc-amm) and tetrabrominated crown ether (BrCR) on a Cu(111) surface.

Application of glucose to prepare Aspergillus oryzae koji as an adjunct to prevent rancidity in cheese products.

Koji made using Aspergillus oryzae shows potential for application as a cheese adjunct; however, flavor defects resulting from volatile free fatty acid (FFA) accumulation should be avoided. Hence, a modified glucose-containing whey solid medium was used to culture A. oryzae AHU 7139, and the triacylglycerol (TG) lipase activity and lipase gene (tglA and mdlB) expression were compared with those of a culture using a conventional whey solid medium.

Photochromism in the periodic nanospace of zeolite LTA by the transfer of photoexcited electrons of adsorbed Na atoms.

Cationic sodium (Na) clusters incorporated into a dehydrated Na-form LTA (Na-LTA) zeolite by the adsorption of Na atoms exhibit diamagnetism regardless of their adsorption amount. These clusters preferentially form in β-cages under the condition of dilute adsorption. In this study, photochromism was observed on the dilute Na-adsorbed Na-LTA, which showed a color change from yellow-green to dark blue-green at room temperature.

Neural Network Potential Molecular Dynamics Simulations of (La,Ce,Pr,Nd)(Mg,Zn,Pb,Cd,Ca,Sr,Ba)F.

Tysonite structure fluorides doped with divalent cations, represented by CeCaF, are a class of good F ion conductors together with fluorite-structured compounds. Computational understanding of the F conduction process is difficult because of the complicated interactions between three symmetrically distinct F sites and the experimentally observed change in the F diffusion mechanism slightly above room temperature, effectively making first-principles molecular dynamics (FP-MD) simulations, which are often conducted well above the transition temperature, useless when analyzing behavior below the transition point. Neural network potential (NNP) MD simulations showed that the F diffusion coefficient is higher when the divalent dopant cation size is similar to the trivalent cation size.

Giant Topological Hall Effect and Colossal Magnetoresistance in Heusler Ferromagnet near Room Temperature.

Colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) is an exotic phenomenon that allows for the efficient magnetic control of electrical resistivity and has attracted significant attention in condensed matter due to its potential for memory and spintronic applications. Heusler alloys are the subject of considerable interest in this context due to the electronic properties that result from the nontrivial band topology. Here, the observation of CMR near room temperature is reported in the shape memory Heusler alloy NiMnIn, which is attributed to the combined effects of magnetic field-induced martensite twin variant reorientation (MFIR) and magnetic field-induced structural phase transformation (MFIPT).

Chiroptical Response of Carbon Nanocages Enhanced by Achiral Guests.

Opening up [60]fullerene makes itself inherently chiral without loss of congenital π-conjugation. An immoderately large aperture on [60]fullerene, however, renders the molecule less rigid and therefore it would reduce dissymmetry factors. Herein, we examined supramolecular technique in geometrical reinforcement of chiral open-[60]fullerenes by encasing achiral guests such as Ar, CO, and CHCN.

Taming Prolonged Ionic Drift-Diffusion Dynamics for Brain-Inspired Computation.

Recent advances in neural network-based computing have enabled human-like information processing in areas such as image classification and voice recognition. However, many neural networks run on conventional computers that operate at GHz clock frequency and consume considerable power compared to biological neural networks, such as human brains, which work with a much slower spiking rate. Although many electronic devices aiming to emulate the energy efficiency of biological neural networks have been explored, achieving long timescales while maintaining scalability remains an important challenge.

Photoreactions of the CH-SO Complex in a Low-Temperature Matrix Investigated by Infrared Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Calculations.

Ethylene and sulfur dioxide molecules were co-deposited on a CsI window at cryogenic temperature, and the photoproducts upon UV irradiation were observed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The products were found to be UV wavelength-dependent; at shorter wavelengths (λ = 266 nm) one strong peak was observed while more than three peaks were identified at longer UV wavelengths (λ = 300 nm). Spectral features changed seamlessly along with UV wavelength.

Molecular Insights into the Inhibition of Lipid Accumulation in Hepatocytes by Unique Extracts of Ashwagandha.

We investigated the effect of purified withanolides and extracts derived from Ashwagandha on steatosis, the abnormal accumulation of fat that can lead to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Collaborator of ARF (CARF, also known as CDKN2AIP, a protein that regulates hepatic lipid metabolism, fat buildup, and liver damage) was used as an indicator. Six withanolides (Withaferin A, Withanone, Withanolide B, Withanoside IV, Withanoside V, and Withanostraminolide-12 deoxy) reversed the decrease in CARF caused by exposure to free fatty acids (FFAs) in liver-derived cells (HepG2 hepatocytes).

Ozone trends and their sensitivity in global megacities under the warming climate.

Tropospheric ozone formation depends on the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and nitrogen oxides (NO). In megacities, abundant VOC and NO sources cause relentlessly high ozone episodes, affecting a large share of the global population. This study uses data from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument for formaldehyde (HCHO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO) as proxy data for VOC and NO emissions, respectively, with their ratio serving as an indicator of ozone sensitivity.

Mechanistic Insights into Oxygen-Independent DNA Photodegradation by Pheophorbide a: Implications for Future Photodynamic Therapy Applications.

This study explores the unique properties of Pheophorbide a (Phed a) in the photodegradation of G-quadruplex DNA under anoxic conditions, emphasizing its potential for photodynamic therapy (PDT) in hypoxic tumor environments. We used electron spin resonance (ESR), circular dichroism (CD), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies to assess the radical generation and DNA interaction capabilities of Phed a compared to Pyropheophorbide a (Pyro a) under both oxygenated and anoxic conditions. Our results reveal that Phed a effectively degrades G-quadruplex DNA in the absence of oxygen, whereas Pyro a does not.

A Brief Chronicle of Antibody Research and Technological Advances.

This review briefly traces the historical development of antibody research and related technologies. The path from early perceptions of immunity to the emergence of modern immunotherapy has been marked by pivotal discoveries and technological advances. Early insights into immunity led to the development of vaccination and serotherapy.