Dietary pattern trajectories in early childhood and their associations with patterns of maternal feeding practices in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort.

Background: Maternal feeding practices play a major role in children's dietary intakes. However, there is limited data on the associations between trajectories of dietary patterns (DPs) and patterns of maternal feeding practices during early childhood.

Methods: Using data from a multi-ethnic Asian cohort study, namely the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO), dietary intakes were measured using Food Frequency Questionnaires in children at 18 months, 5 and 7 years of age.

Differential diagnosis of suspected multiple sclerosis: considerations in people from minority ethnic and racial backgrounds in North America, northern Europe, and Australasia.

The differential diagnosis of suspected multiple sclerosis has been developed using data from North America, northern Europe, and Australasia, with a focus on White populations. People from minority ethnic and racial backgrounds in regions where prevalence of multiple sclerosis is high are more often negatively affected by social determinants of health, compared with White people in these regions. A better understanding of changing demographics, the clinical characteristics of people from minority ethnic or racial backgrounds, and the social challenges they face might facilitate equitable clinical approaches when considering a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.

Epithelial Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like-1 Activation Is Contingent on Interleukin-33 Isoforms and Asthma-Related Receptor Variation.

Introduction: The interleukin-33/interleukin-1 receptor-like-1 (IL-33/IL1RL1) signalling pathway is implicated in asthma pathogenesis, with IL1RL1 nonsynonymous genetic polymorphisms associated with disease risk. We aimed to determine these variants' effect on IL1RL1 signalling induced by different IL33 isoforms thought to be elevated in the asthmatic airway.

Method: In a project funded by GSK plc, which has developed an IL-33 receptor inhibitor for asthma treatment, human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells expressing secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) driven by a nuclear factor kappa-beta (NF-κB) promoter, were transiently transfected with IL1RL1, containing one of four extracellular and Toll/interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain haplotypes.

Outcomes for older people with screening detected versus existing chronic kidney disease: Cohort study with data linkage.

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a common health problem, associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), end stage kidney disease (ESKD), and premature death. A third of people aged≥70 years have CKD, many of whom are undiagnosed, but little is known about the value of screening.

Aim: To compare the risk of adverse health outcomes between people with an existing diagnosis of CKD and those identified on screening.

Comparative effects of drug interventions for the acute management of migraine episodes in adults: systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Objective: To compare all licensed drug interventions as oral monotherapy for the acute treatment of migraine episodes in adults.

Design: Systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Data Sources: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, Embase, ClinicalTrials.

Enhanced network synchronization connectivity following transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in bipolar depression: Effects on EEG oscillations and deep learning-based predictors of clinical remission.

Aim: To investigate oscillatory networks in bipolar depression, effects of a home-based tDCS treatment protocol, and potential predictors of clinical response.

Methods: 20 participants (14 women) with bipolar disorder, mean age 50.75 ± 10.

Metagenomics in the Diagnosis of Pneumonia: Protocol for a Systematic Review.

Background: Causative pathogens are currently identified in only a minority of pneumonia cases, which affects antimicrobial stewardship. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has potential to enhance pathogen detection due to its sensitivity and broad applicability. However, while studies have shown improved sensitivity compared with conventional microbiological methods for pneumonia diagnosis, it remains unclear whether this can translate into clinical benefit.

Evaluating the effectiveness of simvastatin in slowing the progression of disability in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS-STAT2): protocol for a multicentre, randomised controlled, double-blind, phase 3 clinical trial in the UK.

Introduction: There remains a high unmet need for disease-modifying therapies that can impact disability progression in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). Following positive results of the phase 2 MS-STAT study, the MS-STAT2 phase 3 trial will evaluate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of repurposed high-dose simvastatin in slowing the progression of disability in SPMS.

Methods And Analysis: MS-STAT2 will be a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of participants aged between 25 and 65 (inclusive) who have SPMS with an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 4.

Overexpression of Igf2-derived Mir483 inhibits Igf1 expression and leads to developmental growth restriction and metabolic dysfunction in mice.

Mir483 is a conserved and highly expressed microRNA in placental mammals, embedded within the Igf2 gene. Its expression is dysregulated in a number of human diseases, including metabolic disorders and certain cancers. Here, we investigate the developmental regulation and function of Mir483 in vivo.

Combined associations of obesity and physical activity with pain, fatigue, stiffness and anxiety in adults with spondyloarthropathies: UK Biobank study.

Objective: Inflammatory spondyloarthropathies are associated with pain, fatigue, stiffness and anxiety. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence and the EULAR provide limited lifestyle guidance for managing symptoms with inflammatory spondyloarthropathies. We investigated the combined associations of obesity and physical activity with symptom severity in inflammatory spondyloarthropathies.

Real-time estimation of immunological responses against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants in the UK: a mathematical modelling study.

Background: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and COVID-19 vaccination have resulted in complex exposure histories. Rapid assessment of the effects of these exposures on neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial for informing vaccine strategy and epidemic management. We aimed to investigate heterogeneity in individual-level and population-level antibody kinetics to emerging variants by previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure history, to examine implications for real-time estimation, and to examine the effects of vaccine-campaign timing.

Intensity or volume: the role of physical activity in longevity.

Aims: To investigate how physical activity (PA) volume, intensity, duration, and fragmentation are associated with the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. To produce centile curves for PA volume and intensity representative of US adults.

Methods And Results: This study is based on the observational 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Transcriptomic profiles in major depressive disorder: the role of immunometabolic and cell-cycle-related pathways in depression with different levels of inflammation.

Transcriptomic profiles are important indicators for molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in major depressive disorder (MDD) and its different phenotypes, such as immunometabolic depression. We performed whole-transcriptome and pathway analyses on 139 individuals from the observational, case-control, BIOmarkers in DEPression (BIODEP) study, 105 with MDD and 34 controls. We divided MDD participants based on levels of inflammation, as measured by serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), in n = 39 'not inflamed' (CRP < 1 mg/L), n = 31 with 'elevated CRP' (1-3 mg/L), and n = 35 with 'low-grade inflammation' (>3 mg/L).

Sexual and reproductive health focus group discussions with Syrian men and women living as refugees in the Bekaa Valley, Lebanon.

Background: Conflict in Syria since 2011 led to over one million Syrians fleeing to Lebanon, predominantly from economically disadvantaged areas with low literacy and high child marriage rates. Over 90% live in extreme poverty, in informal tented settlements with minimal access to education, healthcare or employment. Displacement and poverty have further increased early marriages and unplanned pregnancies, and curtailed access to sexual and reproductive healthcare (SRH) in the Bekaa valley.

Streamlined Clinical Management Pathways May Reduce Major Amputations in Patients with Chronic Limb Threatening Ischaemia: A Prospective Cohort Study with Historical Controls.

Objective: Patient characteristics and patterns of disease in chronic limb threatening ischaemia (CLTI) have markedly changed in recent years. Urgent specialist referral and timely revascularisation are recommended in international guidelines. UK guidelines now recommend revascularisation within five days of referral for inpatients and two weeks in outpatients.

Economic evaluation of extended panel analysis in cancer patients with historical NHS diagnostic germline genetic testing - A modeling study based on real-world data.

Background: The South West Thames Centre for Genomics implemented a wider diagnostic Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) gene panel for eligible cancer patients undergoing diagnostic testing whilst restricting data analysis and reporting for BRCA1/BRCA2/PALB2/CHEK2 1100delC only as per contemporaneous guidelines. This study investigated the cost-utility of reanalyzing existing diagnostic grade extended panel data for truncating germline pathogenic variants (GPVs) in known moderate risk cancer susceptibility genes (CSGs) and performing follow-up genetic testing for first-degree relatives if patients have an identified CSG allele.

Methods: Reanalysis of existing NGS data was undertaken in 889 samples from cancer patients contemporaneously eligible through the NHS England National Genomic Test Directory (NGTD) codes R207 (ovarian) or R208 (breast) who had tested negative for BRCA1/BRCA2/PALB2 and CHEK2 1100delC founder variant.