Comparing the Effects of Virtual Reality Breathing Exercise and Incentive Spirometry Exercise on Improving Pulmonary Function in Children with Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy.

Introduction: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have a higher incidence of respiratory dysfunction than healthy children. Virtual reality breathing therapy is an assistive technology that is becoming popular in the rehabilitation of children with CP.

Methods: This experimental study included a total of 32 children with spastic diplegic CP who were divided into two groups: the virtual reality breathing training (VRBT) group and the incentive spirometry (IST) group.

Development and validation of the social-emotional rating scale for autism spectrum disorder (SERA) in an Indian sample.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs during the developmental period and affects overall cognitive, emotional, social, and physical health. Comprehensive screening for ASD can assist in diagnosis and intervention planning. The primary aim of this study was to develop and validate a screening tool for ASD based on the diagnostic guidelines of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11).

Dysarthria Consequent to Cervical Spinal Cord Injury and Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Damage: A Case Report.

Objective: To assess and describe the involvement of all speech subsystems, including respiration, phonation, articulation, resonance, and prosody, in an individual with cervical spinal cord injury.

Methods: Detailed speech and voice assessment was performed that included Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment, cranial nerve examination, voice (per-ceptual and instrumental) and nasometric evalua-tion, and intelligibility and communicative effecti-veness.

Results: Impaired respiratory and phonatory con-trol correlated with the physical impairment of C4 and C5 prolapsed intervertebral disc.

Challenges in diagnosing a metabolic disorder: error of pyruvate metabolism or drug induced?

Certain drugs are known to cause metabolic changes resulting in altered metabolic profiles. We report here a case where a combination of antiepileptic drugs resulted in a profile that mimicked a metabolic disorder. A 16month-old female child on antiepileptic drugs (valproate and topiramate) was suspected to have the inherited metabolic disorder, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency, based on clinical symptoms and metabolic profile showing hyperalaninemia, elevated branched-chain amino acids, and lactate-pyruvate ratio.