The General Composition of Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Factors that Influence their Production and Biosynthesis.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have been a current research topic for many years. PHAs are biopolymers produced by bacteria under unfavorable growth conditions. They are biomaterials that exhibit a variety of properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and high mechanical strength, making them suitable for future applications.

Natural Approach in Osteoarthritis Therapy.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease worldwide, and its rising prevalence is supported by factors such as obesity and sedentariness. At the molecular level, it is considered an inflammatory disease that leads to the destruction of articular cartilage. Effective therapy to end the degenerative process of arthritis remains elusive, and most therapeutic tools prevent the progress or alleviate the symptoms.

Antioxidant-Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation of a Polyherbal Formula.

Most disease-both acute and chronic-results from inflammation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered some of the strongest stimuli of inflammation. Many studies reported the traditional use of herbal species for treating inflammation, especially when ROS are involved. The present study aims to demonstrate the antioxidant-anti-inflammatory effects of a patented preparation based on and extracts and to highlight its applicative potential; the formula was characterized by HPTLC and HPLC and in-vitro studies were conducted on TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs.

Immunomodulatory Effect of Waldst. & Kit.

(1) Background: Waldst. & Kit. (hellebore) is a plant species found mainly in Balkans and the Carpathians, and it is traditionally used for a variety of ailments since the time of Hippocrates.

New β-ketophosphonates for the synthesis of prostaglandin analogues. 1. Phosphonates with a bicyclo[3.3.0]octene scaffold spaced by a methylene group from the β-ketone.

The synthesis of β-ketophosphonates, linked by a methylene group to a bicyclo[3.3.0]octene fragment, was performed by the reaction of dimethyl methanephosphonate with the ester group of two intermediates with this scaffold.

The Production of Biodegradable Polymers-medium-chain-length Polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHA) in Pseudomonas putida for Biomedical Engineering Applications.

Background: Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are bacteria-synthesized biopolymers under imbalanced growth conditions. These biopolymers are acknowledged as potential biomaterials for future applications because of their characteristics of biocompatibility and biodegradability, and ability to be produced rapidly, and strong functionality of mechanical resistance. This article aims to perform microbial fermentation using the Pseudomonas putida strain to identify the quantity of biopolymers, particularly of the medium-chain-length (mcl-PHA) polyhydroxyalkanoates, based on the type and quantity of the added precursors (glucose and fatty acids).

β-Ketophosphonates with Pentalenofuran Scaffolds Linked to the Ketone Group for the Synthesis of Prostaglandin Analogs.

β-Ketophosphonates with pentalenofurane fragments linked to the keto group were synthesized. The bulky pentalenofurane skeleton is expected to introduce more hindrance in the prostaglandin analogues of type , greater than that obtained with the bicyclo[3.3.

Low Molecular Weight and Polymeric Modifiers as Toughening Agents in Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) Films.

The inherent brittleness of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) prevents its use as a substitute of petroleum-based polymers. Low molecular weight plasticizers, such as tributyl 2-acetyl citrate (TAC), cannot properly solve this issue. Herein, PHB films were obtained using a biosynthesized poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) (PHO) and a commercially available TAC as toughening agents.

Polyphenolic Extract from L. Leaves Free and Loaded into Lipid Vesicles.

The paper deals with the preparation and characterisation of hydroalcoholic polyphenolic extract from (SE) leaves that was further loaded into three-types of lipid vesicles: liposomes, transfersomes, and ethosomes, to improve its bioavailability and achieve an optimum pharmacological effect. For L.-loaded lipid vesicles, the entrapment efficiency, particle size, polydispersity index and stability were determined.

Evaluation of Clopidogrel Conjugation Metabolism: PK Studies in Man and Mice of Clopidogrel Acyl Glucuronide.

The existence of a glucuronide conjugate of the major circulating clopidogrel metabolites, called clopidogrel acyl glucuronide (CAG), is already known. However, information regarding its pharmacokinetics (PK), metabolism, and clearance are modest. We investigated in vivo the potential CAG trans-esterification to clopidogrel (reaction occurring in vitro in particular conditions) by administering the metabolite to mice.

Stochastic sensors designed for assessment of biomarkers specific to obesity.

Two stochastic sensors based on the following oleamides: 1-adamantyloleamide and N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-oleylamidoethyl)amine physically immobilized on graphite paste were designed. The sensors were able to determine simultaneously from the whole blood of Wistar rats three biomarkers specific to obesity: leptin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). The whole blood samples were obtained from Wistar rats treated with oleoylethanolamide (OEA), (Z)-N-[(1S)-2-hidroxy-1-(phenylmethyl) ethyl]-9octadecenamide (OLA), and with the aqueous solution of 1% Tween 80 used as solvent for oleamides formulations (control samples).

Aldose reductase inhibition of a saponin-rich fraction and new furostanol saponin derivatives from Balanites aegyptiaca.

Background: Balanites aegyptiaca Del. (Zygophyllaceae) fruits are used to treat hyperglycemia in Egyptian folk medicine and are sold by herbalists in the Egyptian open market for this purpose. Nevertheless, the fruits have not yet been incorporated into pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Molecular characterization of Penicillium expansum MUCL mutants.

The modern biomolecular analysis of DNA was carried out to determine the identity of Penicillium expansum MUCL V1-V9 Variants with parental strain of Penicillium expansum MUCL 29412 and to compare the results with Penicillium verrucosum, a related species. The extracted DNAs were fragmented by digestion with restriction endonuclease Hind III and the fragments were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. The DNAs were then denaturated in the gel after partial depurination with dilute acid and were transferred to a nylon membrane.

Nature, nomenclature and taxonomy of obligate methanol utilizing strains.

In a screening program, a number of different bacterial strains with the ability to utilize methanol as a sole carbon and energy source were isolated and described. They are well known methanol utilizing genera Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Micrococcus, Methylomonas or, on the contrary, the new, unknown genera and species of methylotrophic bacteria. In the last category, Acinetobacter and Alcaligenes are the new reported genera of organisms able to use methanol as a sole carbon and energy source.

The formation of frequent additional colonies and of sectors (areas) at fungi.

By using single-spore culture method in three points standard system, additional colonies and sectors (areas) are formed due to the dislocation of growing colonies and dissemination of conidia, respectively. Droplets (resulting from condensation of the exudate on Petri dish lids) falling on or touching the conidial masses are responsible for sectors (areas) and additional colonies formation.