Structural Basis for the Essential Role of Ca in the Lytic Activity of Staphylococcus aureus PlyGRCS Endolysin Targeting Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of infections, from mild skin conditions to severe, life-threatening diseases. Bacteriophage endolysins exhibit a selective capacity to degrade the peptidoglycan layer of Gram-positive bacteria, making promising biotherapeutic agents against antibiotic-resistant infections. PlyGRCS, a specific endolysin derived from S.

Hypotension prediction index for minimising intraoperative hypotension: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Background And Aims: Reports on the utility of the hypotension prediction index (HPI) in reducing the occurrence of intraoperative hypotension are conflicting. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was to evaluate the overall effect of using HPI on intraoperative hypotension outcomes of time-weighted average (TWA), area under the hypotension threshold (AUHT), incidence and duration of hypotension.

Methods: We searched the electronic databases of PubMed, ProQuest and Scopus from inception till 30 October 2023.

Evisceration and ocular prosthetic implantation following endovascular coiling for the management of endophthalmitis in a long-standing post-traumatic unilateral carotid-cavernous fistula: A case report and review of the literature.

Carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is a rare condition involving an abnormal communication between the carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. We present a unique case of posttraumatic unilateral CCF initially misdiagnosed as a corneal melt with iris prolapse and orbital cellulitis. The patient, a 25-year-old male, experienced swelling, bleeding, and sudden vision loss in the affected eye following a fall.

Decoding Dystonia in Autoimmune Disorders: A Scoping Review.

Background: Dystonia is a common hyperkinetic movement disorder observed in various genetic, infective, drug-induced, and autoimmune disorders. Autoimmune disorders can present with isolated or combined acute or subacute dystonia. The pattern and approach to dystonia in autoimmune disorders are poorly described and have never been established in a structured manner.

Intraclass Correlation in Cluster Randomized Controlled Trials: A Meta-Analysis of Studies on Major Depression.

Background: Though cluster randomized trials (CRTs) provide robust evidence for intervention by controlling contamination of interventions, there could be some loss of statistical efficiency. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) recommends reporting intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) to understand this phenomenon, though not many studies follow this. This meta-analysis explored the compliance of CRTs in major depression for reporting ICC besides deriving the pooled ICC and pooled mean differences of intervention outcomes.

Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire - Translation and Validation in a South Indian Language.

Background And Objectives: Broad Autism Phenotype (BAP) refers to specific behaviors or minor deficits in social/communication skills not meeting the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The BAP Questionnaire (BAPQ) measures aloof personality (AP), rigid personality (RP), and pragmatic language (PL) deficits of BAP. The study objective is to translate and validate BAPQ into Malayalam, a South Indian language, and to establish new cut-off scores for detecting BAP in the Indian population.

Validation of the Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) Automated Speech Processing Algorithm Labels for Adult and Child Segments in a Sample of Families From India.

Purpose: The Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) technology uses automated speech processing (ASP) algorithms to estimate counts such as total adult words and child vocalizations, which helps understand children's early language environment. This ASP has been validated in North American English and other languages in predominantly monolingual contexts but not in a multilingual context like India. Thus, the current study aims to validate the classification accuracy of the LENA algorithm specifically focusing on speaker recognition of adult segments (AdS) and child segments (ChS) in a sample of bi/multilingual families from India.

Indian Trial of Tranexamic acid in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage study protocol.

Rationale: Early mortality in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is due to hematoma volume (HV) expansion, and there are no effective treatments available other than reduction in blood pressure. Tranexamic acid (TXA) a hemostatic drug that is widely available and safe can be a cost-effective treatment for ICH, if proven efficacious.

Hypothesis: Administration of TXA in ICH patients when given within 4.

Randomized Controlled Trials of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: There is growing interest in the use of psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) for major depressive disorder (MDD), including treatment-resistant depression. We used randomized controlled trial (RCT) data to compare summary estimates of change in depression ratings with PAT versus comparator treatments in MDD. We also compared response and remission rates, and adverse effects.

Clinicopathological study of a rare neuroectodermal neoplasm of the cranium.

Purpose: Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is a rare, rapidly growing pigmented neoplasm originating from the neural crest. Predominantly affecting infants, it commonly occurs in the head and neck region. MNTI is often locally aggressive with a high recurrence rate.

Caregivers' Perspectives on Reasonable Accommodation for Persons with Severe Mental Disorders at the Workplace.

Background: Reasonable accommodation (RA) refers to adjustments or modifications that an employer makes to the workplace to enable an employee with a mental illness to perform the essential functions of their job. Employer and employee should work together to determine the most beneficial accommodations that would not impose an undue hardship on the employer.

Materials And Methods: An exploratory study design with a purposive sampling technique was used in the current study.

Spectrum of Intracranial Hemorrhages in Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Pictorial Case Series and Review of Pathophysiology and Management.

Objective: We aim to provide a pictorial representation of the broad spectrum of intracranial hemorrhages associated with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), emphasizing atypical locations and rare intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) types. We also hypothesize the pathophysiology leading to atypical locations of the ICH in CVT and the outcomes with anticoagulation therapy.

Background: ICH complicates about 40% of cases with CVT and is known to cause various types of ICH, including subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and subdural hemorrhage (SDH).

Dysregulation of protein degradation and alteration of secretome in α-synuclein-exposed astrocytes: implications for dopaminergic neuronal dysfunction.

Background: A key factor in the propagation of α-synuclein pathology is the compromised protein quality control system. Variations in membrane association and astrocytic uptake between different α-synuclein forms suggest differences in exocytosis or membrane cleavage, potentially impacting the secretome's influence on dopaminergic neurons. We aimed to understand differences in protein degradation mechanisms of astrocytes for both wild-type (WT) and mutant forms of α-synuclein, specifically during periods of reduced degradation efficiency.

A non-autochthonous human rabies case in the historically rabies-free Andaman And Nicobar Islands, India.

Rabies, a fatal zoonotic viral disease claims numerous lives annually worldwide, particularly in Asia and Africa. Despite the high prevalence of rabies in India, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands have historically maintained a rabies-free status. This report documents the first non-indigenous case of human rabies in these islands, emphasizing the imperative for heightened surveillance measures.

Distribution and association of road traffic accident with depression among Indian population aged 45 years and above: nested multilevel modelling analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional survey.

Introduction: The prevalence of important public health problems like road traffic accidents (RTA) and depression are surging. This study was aimed to estimate distribution and determine the association between RTA and depression among Indian population aged 45 years and above: overall and stratified into age group, gender and across states/union territories as aspirants, achievers, and front runners.

Methods: Using Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) dataset (April 2017-December 2018), we have conducted this study among middle aged (45-59 years) and older adults and elderly (≥ 60 years) Indians.

Emergency Surgical Management of Meningiomas: Factors Affecting Early Outcomes and Complications.

 Intracranial meningiomas constitute a third of all brain tumors and are among the most common indications for neurosurgical procedures performed worldwide. Most meningiomas present with an indolent, longstanding history. However, the data on outcomes of emergency surgeries for meningioma is limited.

Strategies in Parkinson's Disease Therapeutics - A Need for Synergy of Ayurveda, Small Molecules and Nanoparticles aided Approaches.

Despite extensive research, there is an unmet need for developing disease-modifying therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD). Failure of certain landmark clinical trials has highlighted the need for a better understanding of the disease pathogenesis as well as identifying the hurdles in developing drug candidates and designing clinical trials. While adhering to these needs, several promising trials are currently underway with the hope of developing reliable targets.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on People with Dementia and their Caregivers: A Multiphase Observational Study from India.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had multifaceted and enduring impacts on people with dementia and their caregivers; however, our understanding of the long-term outcomes remains limited. We aimed to explore the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on cognitive symptoms and vaccination rates in people living with dementia.

Methods: This study was conducted as a part of a longitudinal study design in two specialized hospitals in South India.

Autoantibody-Based Clinicoradiopathologic Phenotyping of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies: An Indian Cohort.

Objectives: We aim to characterize the clinical, pathological, laboratory and imaging features of various antibody defined IIM subgroups in Indian population.

Methodology: 103 patients who satisfied 2017 ACR/ EULAR Classification criteria for IIM, and tested seropositive for myositis antibodies using Immunoblot technique were retrospectively identified. Patients were classified into following subgroups - Mi2B group, SRP group, Anti RNA Synthetase antibody group (Jo 1, PL 7, PL 12, OJ), multiple MSA, only MAA group (U1RNP, Ro 52, SS-A, SS-B, PM Scl 75, PM Scl 100).