Learnings From an Audit of Anesthesia Information Management System for Neurosurgery Operating Room Utilization.

Background: An anesthesia information management system (AIMS) can be used to assess operating room utilization. The aim of this study was to assess neurosurgery OR utilization patterns using an AIMS.

Methods: This retrospective audit was performed at a tertiary neurosciences university hospital over a 1-year period.

Quadrigeminal arachnoid cyst: Factors affecting outcomes and complications in a large series of cases.

Purpose: Arachnoid cysts constitute approximately 1 % of intracranial mass lesions, with quadrigeminal cistern arachnoid cysts being 5-18 % of those. This study presents a series of 31 cases of quadrigeminal cistern arachnoid cysts, constituting the most extensive series reported to date.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 31 patients diagnosed with quadrigeminal cistern arachnoid cysts, focusing on clinical presentation, demographics, treatment approaches, and outcomes.

Response to clozapine and its predictors in treatment-resistant schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A retrospective chart review.

The response rate to clozapine in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia spectrum disorders (TRSS) is around 40 %. But, in general, a better prognosis is noted for schizophrenia in developing countries, including India. Given the scarcity of related literature from India, this study aimed to evaluate the response rates to clozapine in TRSS and explore predictors of response.

Reorganization of central auditory pathways in vestibular schwannoma: a diffusion tensor imaging study.

Purpose: Objective information about the central auditory pathways in vestibular schwannoma can guide strategies for hearing rehabilitation and prognostication. This study aims to generate this information using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Methods: This is a prospective observational single center study including 35 patients with vestibular schwannoma and 40 controls.

Caregivers' experiences, challenges, and needs in caring for people with dementia in India: a scoping review.

Background: As the world's most populous country, India faces a growing challenge in addressing dementia, in which advancing age remains the strongest risk factor. Approximately 8.8 million Indians over the age of 60 are currently affected by this condition.

Pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas- a prospective observational study from a tertiary care neurosurgical center.

Introduction: Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) in children comprises 80% of brainstem gliomas. In 2021, 5th edition of WHO CNS tumor classification defined H3K27M altered diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) which replaced this entity. Lesion location precludes resection and the only current option available is radiotherapy.

Preoperative coagulopathy and blood transfusion requirements in children with intraventricular lesions undergoing neurosurgery: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: Pediatric patients undergoing neurosurgery pose risk of perioperative hemorrhage and clotting dysfunction which is increased in tumors with high vascularity, endothelial exposure, and necrosis. Lesions affecting the ventricular system may arise from several etiologies, including rare tumors. The present study aimed to study the preoperative coagulation and transfusion profile of pediatric patients undergoing neurosurgery for intraventricular lesions.

Clinical Reasoning: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Challenges in a 16-Year-Old With Early-Onset Ataxia.

A 16-year-old adolescent girl presented with progressive walking imbalance, uncoordination of her limbs, impaired proprioceptive sensation distal to her wrists and ankles, and sensorineural hearing loss. Her evaluation revealed diffuse cerebellar atrophy, a demyelinating neuropathy, and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. In this article, we present a systematic approach to a patient with early-onset ataxia, cerebellar atrophy, and demyelinating neuropathy.

Negative valence in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A worldwide mega-analysis of task-based functional neuroimaging data of the ENIGMA-OCD consortium.

Objective: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with altered brain function related to processing of negative emotions. To investigate neural correlates of negative valence in OCD, we pooled fMRI data of 633 individuals with OCD and 453 healthy controls from 16 studies using different negatively-valenced tasks across the ENIGMA-OCD Working-Group.

Methods: Participant data were processed uniformly using HALFpipe, to extract voxelwise participant-level statistical images of one common first-level contrast: negative vs.

Adherence in Evidence-Based Neurotrauma Guidelines: A Worldwide Survey.

Background: Traumatic brain injury management guidelines vary across regions and there is limited research on real-world adherence to these guidelines. We conducted a global survey to assess the adherence of neurosurgeons to traumatic brain injury guidelines and evidence-based medicine (EBM).

Methods: A 24-item survey was created using Google Forms, covering demographic information, neurotrauma training, basic knowledge of EBM, and surgical and in-hospital management.

Maternal Cannabis Use in Pregnancy and Autism Spectrum Disorder or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Offspring.

Up to 10% of women may use cannabis during pregnancy; this is of concern because constituents of cannabis cross the placental barrier and potentially influence neurodevelopment by acting on cannabinoid receptors in the developing fetal brain. In this context, a recent meta analysis of 13 observational studies found that gestational exposure to cannabis was associated with a small increase in the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD; relative risk [RR], 1.30) and with an even smaller increase in the risk of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; RR, 1.

Cross-cultural adaption of the computerized assessment of information processing battery (COGNITO) for an Indian longitudinal study on rural elderly.

Introduction: Testing cognitive functions in Indians with low literacy and linguistic diversity is challenging. We describe the adaptation process of a comprehensive neurocognitive test battery to suit both literate and illiterate aging rural Indians.

Methods: Following the International Test Commission (ITC) guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation, we adapted the COGNITO battery.

The Systematic Development of a Mobile Phone Delivered Text-messaging Tobacco Cessation Intervention in India.

Introduction: Tobacco consumption is a leading cause of mortality globally. Eighty percent of these deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite this, there is a large treatment gap due to both demand and supply-side barriers.

Uncovering the hidden burden: A mixed methods study on the implementation of depression screening among persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus seeking health care in an urban primary health center of South India.

Background: Diabetes is linked with depression, but screening rates for depression are low, indicating a need for periodic assessments among those with diabetes. The study aimed to determine depression prevalence and associated factors in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in an urban primary care setting of Karnataka, as well as implementation challenges in depression screening for persons with T2DM as perceived by healthcare providers.

Material And Methods: A mixed-methods study was performed for 6 months in 2022-2023 at an Urban Primary Health Centre (UPHC) in Bengaluru.

Cyclic Meditation and Sleep Quality: A Review.

 Insufficient sleep leads to several short- and long-term physical and mental consequences. Yoga is a popularly known complementary health approach that maintains physical and mental health through asanas, meditation, and breathing techniques. Cyclic meditation (CM), derived from one of the Upanishads, is practiced by combining physical postures (asanas) with relaxation techniques.

Navigating recovery in childhood OCD: a qualitative analysis of barriers and facilitators.

Objective: The objective is to examine barriers and facilitators to recovery in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) using a qualitative approach.

Methods: Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted, audio-recorded, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings were validated through investigator triangulation, peer validation and member check.

Correlation of Preoperative Hippocampal Volume Measured with Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Emergence from General Anaesthesia in Elective Neurosurgical Patients: An Observational Study.

Background And Objectives: The electrophysiological process of emergence from general anesthesia (GA) commences from deeper structures of the brain rather than the cortex. The phylogenetically old parts of the brain (hippocampus) are the first to recover during emergence. Study objectives were to evaluate and predict the effect of preoperative hippocampal volume (HV) measured using MRI with emergence from GA and delayed extubation in patients undergoing elective neurosurgical procedures.

Inter-speaker acoustic differences of sustained vowels at varied dysarthria severities for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

We study inter-speaker acoustic differences during sustained vowel utterances at varied severities of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-induced dysarthria. Among source attributes, jitter and standard deviation of fundamental frequency exhibit enhanced inter-speaker differences among patients than healthy controls (HCs) at all severity levels. Though inter-speaker differences in vocal tract filter attributes at most severity levels are higher than those among HCs for close vowels /i/ and /u/, these are comparable with or lower than those among HCs for the relatively more open vowels /a/ and /o/.