Ensemble learning-based radiomics model for discriminating brain metastasis from glioblastoma.

Objective: Differentiating between brain metastasis (BM) and glioblastoma (GBM) preoperatively is challenging due to their similar imaging features on conventional brain MRI. This study aimed to enhance diagnostic accuracy through a machine learning model based on MRI radiomics data.

Methods: This retrospective study included 235 patients with confirmed solitary BM and 273 patients with GBM.

The effect of light therapy on insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Light is a crucial factor influencing sleep arousal patterns. This meta-analysis investigates the efficacy of light therapy (LT) for insomnia treatment.

Methods: Five electronic databases were independently searched by two reviewers until August 2024.

What is the Role of Measuring Urinary Gluten Immunogenic Peptides in Clinical Practice in Patients with Coeliac Disease?

Background And Aims: In coeliac disease, the clinical role of the urinary gluten immunogenic peptide is unclear. It has been suggested it can be a non-invasive marker of villous atrophy. Therefore, we present the largest cross-sectional clinical data in patients with coeliac disease to establish the diagnostic accuracy of the urinary gluten immunogenic peptide in identifying villous atrophy.

Serum lipid profiling reveals characteristic lipid signatures associated with stroke in patients with leukoaraiosis.

Many lipid biomarkers of stroke have been identified, but the lipid metabolism in elderly patients with leukoaraiosis remains poorly understood. This study aims to explore lipid metabolic processes in stroke among leukoaraiosis patients, which could provide valuable insights for guiding future antithrombotic therapy. In a cohort of 215 individuals undergoing MRI, 13 stroke patients were matched with controls, and 48 stroke patients with leukoaraiosis were matched with 40 leukoaraiosis patients.

Application of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to exhaled breath analysis for detecting helicobacter pylori infection.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most globally prevalent bacteria, closely associated with gastrointestinal diseases such as gastric ulcers and chronic gastritis. Current clinical methods primarily involve Carbon-13 and Carbon-14 urea breath test, both carrying potential safety risks.

Plasma metabolomics profiles indicate sex differences of lipid metabolism in patients with Parkinson's disease.

The effect of sexual dimorphism on the metabolism of patients with Parkinson's disease has not been clarified. A group of patients with Parkinson's disease and healthy controls were recruited, and their clinical characteristics and plasma were collected. Untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based plasma metabolomics profiling was performed.

Comprehension of acoustically degraded emotional prosody in Alzheimer's disease and primary progressive aphasia.

Previous research suggests that emotional prosody perception is impaired in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and primary progressive aphasia (PPA). However, no previous research has investigated emotional prosody perception in these diseases under non-ideal listening conditions. We recruited 18 patients with AD, and 31 with PPA (nine logopenic (lvPPA); 11 nonfluent/agrammatic (nfvPPA) and 11 semantic (svPPA)), together with 24 healthy age-matched individuals.

Cognitive and neurodegenerative trajectories of subjective cognitive decline according to baseline biomarkers: Results of the CoSCo study.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is now diagnosed biologically. Since subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may indicate preclinical AD, assessing AD-biomarkers is crucial. We investigated cognitive and neurodegenerative trajectories in SCD over 24 months based on biomarker positivity, and evaluated the predictive value of plasma biomarkers.

Disrupted brain networks underlying high-fidelity memory retrieval in subjective cognitive decline: A task-based fMRI study.

Introduction: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is linked to memory complaints and disruptions in certain brain regions identified by molecular imaging and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. However, it remains unclear how these regions interact to contribute to both subjective and potential objective memory issues in SCD.

Methods: To address this gap, task-based imaging studies are essential.

Plasma phosphorylated tau and neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia with Lewy bodies.

Introduction: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) are common in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) but their neurobiological mechanisms are poorly understood.

Methods: NPSs and cognition were assessed annually in participants (DLB n = 222; Alzheimer's disease [AD] n = 125) from the European DLB (E-DLB) Consortium, and plasma phosphorylated tau-181 (p-tau181) and p-tau231 concentrations were measured at baseline.

Results: Hallucinations, delusions, and depression were more common in DLB than in AD and, in a subgroup with longitudinal follow-up, persistent hallucinations and NPSs were associated with lower p-tau181 and p-tau231 in DLB.

Treatment for peripheral nerve injury: a protocol for a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.

Introduction: Available therapies for peripheral nerve injury (PNI) include surgical and non-surgical treatments. Surgical treatment includes neurorrhaphy, grafting (allografts and autografts) and tissue-engineered grafting (artificial nerve guide conduits), while non-surgical treatment methods include electrical stimulation, magnetic stimulation, laser phototherapy and administration of nerve growth factors. However, the treatments currently available to best manage the different PNI manifestations remain undetermined.

Early neurological deterioration in acute ischemic minor stroke patients with large vessel occlusion following intravenous thrombolysis.

Objective: Early identification of risk factors associated with early neurological deterioration (END) in patients with acute minor stroke and large vessel occlusion (LVO) receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) could assist in formulating treatment decisions.

Methods: Consecutive patients with acute minor stroke and LVO were extracted from a single-center prospective database spanning January 2020 to December 2023. END was defined as an increase of ≥ 4 points in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score from baseline, or ≥ 2 points in any single NIHSS item, within 24 hours of the IVT.

Molecular biomarkers associated with TBI outcome in individuals of Black racial identity or African ancestry: a narrative review.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide and a major global health concern. In the United States (US), individuals of Black or African American racial identity experience disproportionately higher rates of TBI and suffer from worse post-injury outcomes. Contemporary research agendas have largely overlooked or excluded Black populations, resulting in the continued marginalization of Black patient populations in TBI studies, thereby limiting the generalizability of ongoing research to patients in the US and around the world.

Transcriptomic data integration and analysis revealing potential mechanisms of doxorubicin resistance in chondrosarcoma cells.

Chondrosarcoma is a type of bone cancer that originates from cartilage cells. In clinical practice, surgical resection is the primary treatment for chondrosarcoma, but chemotherapy becomes essential for patients with metastasis or tumors in surgically inaccessible sites. However, drug resistance often leads to treatment failure.

Evaluation of myelin content in the spinal cord of patients with multiple sclerosis: A positron emission tomography study.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is divided into Relapsing-Remitting (RRMS) and Progressive (PMS) phenotypes, both associated with spinal cord (SC) damage. MS-related disability and SC atrophy are not yet fully understood and can differ across phenotypes. A combined approach using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) could provide a broader understanding of myelin changes in the cervical SC (CSC) in different MS phenotypes and the associations with disability.

Factor analysis and clustering of motor and psychiatric dimensions in idiopathic blepharospasm.

Introduction: Idiopathic blepharospasm is a clinically heterogeneous form of focal dystonia, also associated with psychiatric symptoms. The identification of the most relevant sets of motor and psychiatric manifestations may help better understand the specific phenomenology of the condition and delineate blepharospasm subtypes more accurately.

Methods: Patients with idiopathic blepharospasm were from the Dystonia Coalition project.

Self-regulation of slow cortical potential and seizure suppression by scalp electroencephalography: Early prediction of therapeutic efficacy.

Objective: Seizure suppression using the neurofeedback (NFB) method by self-regulation of scalp-recorded slow cortical potential (SCP) is effective for patients with refractory focal epilepsy. However, the prolonged training period required prevents it from wider implementation as the standard treatment in clinical practice. Therefore, we examined whether it would be appropriate to shorten the training period, in spite of the small number of patients.

Prediction of cerebral palsy and cognitive delay among high-risk children in a developing nation: A successful early detection programme.

Aim: To determine the feasibility of combining the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) and General Movements Assessment (GMA) within a standard follow-up schedule to predict developmental outcomes in infants at risk in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Method: A total of 201 Sri Lankan infants (128 male, 73 female) were prospectively assessed with the GMA before 44 weeks (writhing movements) and at 3 to 4 months (fidgeting movements), followed by the HINE at 5 to 6 months. Developmental outcomes were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Fourth Edition and clinical assessment after 24 months.

Sex Differences in Spatiotemporal Consistency and Effective Connectivity of the Precuneus in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been reported to exhibit altered local functional consistency. However, previous studies mainly focused on male samples and explored the temporal consistency in the ASD brain ignoring the spatial consistency. In this study, FOur-dimensional Consistency of local neural Activities (FOCA) analysis was used to investigate the sex differences of local spatiotemporal consistency of spontaneous brain activity in ASD.

Establishing age-group specific reference intervals of human salivary proteome and its preliminary application for epilepsy diagnosis.

Salivary proteins serve multifaceted roles in maintaining oral health and hold significant potential for diagnosing and monitoring diseases due to the non-invasive nature of saliva sampling. However, the clinical utility of current saliva biomarker studies is limited by the lack of reference intervals (RIs) to correctly interpret the testing result. Here, we developed a rapid and robust saliva proteome profiling workflow, obtaining coverage of >1,200 proteins from a 50-µL unstimulated salivary flow with 30 min gradients.

[Modern aspects of chronic cerebral ischemia pathogenetic therapy].

Chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) is one of the most common forms of cerebrovascular disease, which affects a significant number of patients, often leading to disability, cognitive impairment and dementia. The analysis of modern data on the pathogenesis and risk factors for the development of CCI, as well as on the mechanisms of action of Mexidol on various links in the pathogenesis of CCI. A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases, on Russian and English-language sites with open access publications on the problem of CCI and on the drug Mexidol in the period from 2014 to 2024.