Clinicopathological feature of a resected large mixed squamous cell and glandular papilloma: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Solitary endotracheal papilloma is a rare benign lung tumor. It is classified into the following three histological subtypes: squamous cell papilloma (SP), glandular papilloma (GP), and mixed squamous cell and glandular papilloma (MSGP). MSGP is the rarest among them.

Safety of salvage lung resection after immunotherapy for unresectable non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: The safety of salvage lung resection after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not well understood.

Methods: In this retrospective multicenter study, we reviewed perioperative morbidity and mortality rates in 11 patients (8 men, 3 women; median age 70 years) who underwent salvage lung resection for unresectable NSCLC after ICI therapy in the 4 years since 2017. Operative factors were also compared according to operating time (> 6 h, n = 7; < 6 h, n = 4).

High-resolution CT findings of pulmonary infections in patients with hematologic malignancy: comparison between patients with or without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Purpose: To evaluate the high-resolution CT (HRCT) findings of pulmonary infections in patients with hematologic malignancy and compare them between patients with or without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Materials And Methods: A total of 128 patients with hematologic malignancy and pulmonary infection were included in this study. The diagnoses of the patients consisted of bacterial pneumonia (37 non-HSCT cases and 14 HSCT cases), pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) (29 non-HSCT cases and 11 HSCT cases), and fungal infection other than PCP (20 non-HSCT cases and 17 HSCT cases).

Enhanced Immunomodulatory Effect of Intravenous Immunoglobulin by Fc Galactosylation and Nonfucosylation.

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is used as an immunomodulatory agent in the treatment of various autoimmune/inflammatory diseases although its mechanism of action remains elusive. Recently, nonfucosylated IgG has been shown to be preferentially bound to Fcγ receptor IIIa (FcγRIIIa) on circulating natural killer cells; therefore, we hypothesized that nonfucosylated IVIG may modulate immune responses through FcγRIIIa blockade. Here, homogeneous fucosylated or nonfucosylated glycoforms of normal polyclonal IgG bearing sialylated, galactosylated or nongalactosylated Fc oligosaccharides were generated by chemoenzymatic glycoengineering to investigate whether the IgG glycoforms can inhibit antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC).

Rapid development and rupture of a pneumatocele caused by pulmonary dissection in the early postoperative period of lung resection: a case report.

Air leakage after lung resection is a common complication usually caused by direct injury to the lung parenchyma. Herein we illustrate a case of pneumatocele that developed rapidly in the right middle lobe and ruptured 16 days after right upper lobectomy. A 73-year-old man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease underwent thoracoscopic right upper lobectomy and partial thymectomy for primary lung cancer and thymic nodules, respectively.

The 1-minute sit-to-stand test to detect desaturation during 6-minute walk test in interstitial lung disease.

Although the 6 min walk test (6MWT) is well-established for assessing desaturation in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), it cannot be easily performed in primary healthcare settings. This retrospective observational study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the 1 min sit-to-stand test (1STST) for assessing desaturation during 6MWT in ILD patients with normal resting blood oxygen levels. We included 116 patients, and the pulse oxygen saturation (SpO) for both methods was analyzed.

Short-term safety of an anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 messenger RNA vaccine for patients with advanced lung cancer treated with anticancer drugs: A multicenter, prospective, observational study.

Background: Since 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become prevalent worldwide. In severe cases, the case fatality rate is high, and vaccine prevention is important. This study evaluated the safety of receiving SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in patients with advanced lung cancer receiving anticancer therapy.

Importance and Monitoring of Therapeutic Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation.

The complex diantennary-type oligosaccharides at Asn297 residues of the IgG heavy chains have a profound impact on the safety and efficacy of therapeutic IgG monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Fc glycosylation of a mAb is an established critical quality attribute (CQA), and its oligosaccharide profile is required to be thoroughly characterized by state-of-the-art analytical methods. The Fc oligosaccharides are highly heterogeneous, and the differentially glycosylated species (glycoforms) of IgG express unique biological activities.

Micro-Heterogeneity of Antibody Molecules.

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are mostly of the IgG class and constitute highly efficacious biopharmaceuticals for a wide range of clinical indications. Full-length IgG mAbs are large proteins that are subject to multiple posttranslational modifications (PTMs) during biosynthesis, purification, or storage, resulting in micro-heterogeneity. The production of recombinant mAbs in nonhuman cell lines may result in loss of structural fidelity and the generation of variants having altered stability, biological activities, and/or immunogenic potential.

Phase 2 Study of YS110, a Recombinant Humanized Anti-CD26 Monoclonal Antibody, in Japanese Patients With Advanced Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma.

Introduction: YS110, a humanized monoclonal antibody with a high affinity to CD26, exhibited promising antitumor activity and was generally well-tolerated in the phase 1 part of a phase 1 and 2 Japanese trial in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Here we report the results of the phase 2 part of the study.

Methods: The patients included were aged 20 years and older, had histologically confirmed MPM, were refractory to or intolerant of existing antineoplastic agents, and were not candidates for standard therapy.

Improved Prognostic Prediction by Combination of Early Initiation of Polymyxin B Hemoperfusion with Modified Gender-Age-Physiology Index in Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Introduction: Respiratory failure from acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) is associated with high mortality. Direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column (PMX-DHP) has been reported to have beneficial effects on patients with AE-IPF. Whether patient characteristics influence the extent of this benefit remains unclear.

Fibrin glue-induced eosinophilic pleural effusion after pulmonary resection: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Prolonged air leakage after pulmonary resection is a common complication, and fibrin glue is used as a sealant to reduce this. Fibrin glue-induced adverse events are generally rare. Herein, we describe a rare case of fibrin glue-induced eosinophilic pleural effusion (EPE).

Suspected fibrin glue-induced acute eosinophilic pneumonia after pulmonary resection: A case report.

Air leakage is a common complication after pulmonary resection, and fibrin glue is used as a sealant to reduce postoperative air leakage. It is generally recognized that fibrin glue-induced adverse events are rare. Herein, we report a rare case of suspected fibrin glue-induced acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP).

Correlation between pleural tags on CT and visceral pleural invasion of peripheral lung cancer that does not appear touching the pleural surface.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between a sign and visceral pleural invasion (VPI) of peripheral non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that does not appear touching the pleural surface.

Methods: A total of 221 consecutive patients with NSCLC that did not appear touching the pleural surface, ≤ 3 cm in solid tumor diameter, and was surgically resected between January 2009 and December 2015 were included. We focused on the flat distortion of the tumor caused by an arch-shaped linear tag between the tumor and the pleura on CT and named it a bridge tag sign.

The role of comprehensive analysis with circulating tumor DNA in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients considered for osimertinib treatment.

Background: EGFR mutations are good predictive markers of efficacy of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI), but whether comprehensive genomic analysis beyond EGFR itself with circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) adds further predictive or prognostic value has not been clarified.

Methods: Patients with NSCLC who progressed after treatment with EGFR-TKI, and with EGFR T790 M detected by an approved companion diagnostic test (cobas ), were treated with osimertinib. Plasma samples were collected before and after treatment.

Differentiation of pulmonary complications with extensive ground-glass attenuation on high-resolution CT in immunocompromised patients.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the high-resolution CT (HRCT) findings of pulmonary infectious and noninfectious complications with extensive ground-glass attenuation (GGA) in immunocompromised patients.

Materials And Methods: One hundred fifty-two immunocompromised patients with pulmonary complications that showed extensive GGA (> 50% of the whole lung on HRCT) were included in this study. The diagnoses of the 152 patients were as follows: pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), n = 82; drug-induced pneumonia, n = 38; bacterial pneumonia, n = 9; cytomegalovirus pneumonia, n = 6; idiopathic pneumonia syndrome, n = 6; diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH), n = 4; fungal infection, n = 3; tuberculosis, n = 2 and pulmonary edema, n = 2.

A phase II study of S-1 and cisplatin with concurrent thoracic radiotherapy followed by durvalumab for unresectable, locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in Japan (SAMURAI study).

Background: Based on the results of the PACIFIC study, chemoradiotherapy followed by 1-year consolidation therapy with durvalumab was established as the standard of care for unresectable, locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC). However, some topics not foreseen in that design can be explored, including progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) after the start of chemoradiotherapy, the proportion of patients who proceeded to consolidation therapy with durvalumab, and the optimal chemotherapeutic regimens. In Japan, the combination regimen of S-1 + cisplatin (SP), for which the results of multiple clinical studies have suggested a good balance of efficacy and tolerability, is frequently selected in clinical settings.

A randomized trial of sodium alginate prevention of esophagitis in LA-NSCLC receiving chemoradiotherapy: OLCSG1401.

Background: Radiation esophagitis is a critical adverse event that needs to be appropriately managed while administering thoracic irradiation. This trial aimed to investigate whether sodium alginate has preventative effects on esophagitis in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

Methods: Patients with untreated stage III NSCLC who were eligible for concurrent CRT were randomly assigned at a 1:1:1 ratio to receive one of the following treatments: initial or late use of oral sodium alginate (arms A and B) or water as control (arm C).

Intraoperative bronchial blood flow evaluation using indocyanine green fluorescence for bronchoplasty: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Blood flow evaluation of bronchial arteries using indocyanine green fluorescence (ICG-FL) is rarely reported during pulmonary resection. We present the case of a patient with bronchiectasis and a history of bronchial artery embolization (BAE) for hemoptysis. Bronchial artery blood flow was evaluated using ICG-FL during lobectomy with bronchoplasty.

Capmatinib in Japanese patients with MET exon 14 skipping-mutated or MET-amplified advanced NSCLC: GEOMETRY mono-1 study.

MET mutations leading to exon 14 skipping (METΔex14) are strong molecular drivers for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Capmatinib is a highly potent, selective oral MET inhibitor that showed clinically meaningful efficacy and a manageable safety profile in a global phase II study (GEOMETRY mono-1, NCT02414139) in patients with advanced METΔex14-mutated/MET-amplified NSCLC. We report results of preplanned analyses of 45 Japanese patients according to MET status (METΔex14-mutated or MET-amplified) and line of therapy (first- [1L] or second-/third-line [2/3L]).