Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia is safe but poses challenges for long-term maintenance of molecular remission: Results of the Auto-Ph17 study.

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is not a standard treatment option for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ALL); however, its position has been reassessed since the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). We prospectively analyzed the efficacy and safety of autologous peripheral blood SCT (auto-PBSCT) for Ph+ALL patients aged between 55 and 70 years who had achieved complete molecular remission. Melphalan, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and dexamethasone were used for conditioning.

Pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy with thrombus in pulmonary artery caused by diffuse sclerosing variant of thyroid papillary adenocarcinoma: A case report.

Pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM) is a fatal disease associated with malignant tumors that progresses to pulmonary hypertension. Gastric cancer is the most common cause, followed by breast cancer and lung cancer, whereas PTTM due to thyroid cancer has not been reported. In addition to pulmonary obstruction by tumor embolism, tumor cells stimulate endothelial cells to release angiogenetic factors, which induce remodeling of pulmonary arteries and veins and lead to lymphatic obstruction.

Urethrovaginal fistula 11 years after a bone anchor sling using woven polyester and treatment with a Martius flap.

Introduction: We encountered a urethrovaginal fistula diagnosed 11 years after a bone anchor sling.

Case Presentation: A 58-year-old woman underwent a bone anchor sling to treat stress urinary incontinence. At age 69, mid-urethral sling was planned because of a recurrent stress urinary incontinence diagnosis, but a urethrovaginal fistula was found immediately before the procedure.

Cluster Randomized Trial of Duration of Cooling in Targeted Temperature Management After Resuscitation for Cardiac Arrest.

The 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care recommend that comatose patients with return of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest have targeted temperature management (TTM). However, the duration of TTM remains to be elucidated. We conducted a cluster randomized trial in 10 hospitals to compare 12-24 vs.

Airway recanalization of bronchial metastasis and obstruction by smooth muscle tumour of uncertain malignant potential by a silicone OKI-stent.

There is no standard treatment for smooth muscle tumour of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) but it usually has a good prognosis. Airway stenting is performed to manage central airway patency. In the present case, it was no treatment for STUMP, but performance status was good, so airway stenting was performed.

A case of multiple squamous papillomas in the trachea treated by rigid bronchoscopy.

Tracheal papilloma is a rare benign lung tumour. It often recurs and sometimes transforms into a malignant tumour. While historically radical resection has been the primary treatment, endobronchial resection, a less invasive procedure to manage the airway using a flexible and rigid bronchoscope, was effectively used in our patient.

Phase II study of dose-adjusted gemcitabine, dexamethasone, cisplatin, and rituximab in elderly relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients.

High-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) are too toxic for elderly patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Therefore, effective and tolerable regimens for elderly patients are urgently needed. The present phase II study assessed the efficacy and safety of dose-adjusted therapy with gemcitabine, dexamethasone, cisplatin, and rituximab (GDP-R) in this population.

Problems of reproductive function in survivors of childhood- and adolescent and young adult-onset cancer revealed in a part of a national survey of Japan.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the current status of reproductive disorders as long-term complications in adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients by comparing survivors of childhood-onset with those of AYA-onset cancer in Japan.

Methods: We conducted a national survey of AYA cancer survivors and healthy AYAs and analyzed the results from survivors who underwent chemotherapy and reported fertility problems as their current concern.

Results: Among all of the childhood-onset survivors, 27 (35.

Fertility preservation in adolescent and young adult cancer patients: From a part of a national survey on oncofertility in Japan.

Purpose: This study evaluated the current status of reproductive disorders and provision of information on oncofertility to female adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients in Japan.

Methods: A national survey of AYA cancer survivors was conducted. Children were <15 years old, and AYAs were 15-39 years old.

APOBEC3G-Mediated G-to-A Hypermutation of the HIV-1 Genome: The Missing Link in Antiviral Molecular Mechanisms.

APOBEC3G (A3G) is a member of the cellular polynucleotide cytidine deaminases, which catalyze the deamination of cytosine (dC) to uracil (dU) in single-stranded DNA. These enzymes potently inhibit the replication of a variety of retroviruses and retrotransposons, including HIV-1. A3G is incorporated into -deficient HIV-1 virions and targets viral reverse transcripts, particularly minus-stranded DNA products, in newly infected cells.

Unique Flap Conformation in an HIV-1 Protease with High-Level Darunavir Resistance.

Darunavir (DRV) is one of the most powerful protease inhibitors (PIs) for treating human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection and presents a high genetic barrier to the generation of resistant viruses. However, DRV-resistant HIV-1 infrequently emerges from viruses exhibiting resistance to other protease inhibitors. To address this resistance, researchers have gathered genetic information on DRV resistance.

Enlarging mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy with calcification.

A 77-year-old man was referred to our hospital due to enlarging mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy with calcification. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) and bone marrow aspiration were performed. Subsequently, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) associated with mediastinal amyloidosis was diagnosed.

Osmotic demyelination syndrome complicating diabetes with anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies and Graves' disease: A case report.

ODS associated with hyperglycemia is rare, with few reports.Immune responses have been recently reported as a mechanism of ODS onset. In the present case, an autoimmune predisposition may have contributed to ODS pathogenesis.

Quasispecies Analyses of the HIV-1 Near-full-length Genome With Illumina MiSeq.

Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) exhibits high between-host genetic diversity and within-host heterogeneity, recognized as quasispecies. Because HIV-1 quasispecies fluctuate in terms of multiple factors, such as antiretroviral exposure and host immunity, analyzing the HIV-1 genome is critical for selecting effective antiretroviral therapy and understanding within-host viral coevolution mechanisms. Here, to obtain HIV-1 genome sequence information that includes minority variants, we sought to develop a method for evaluating quasispecies throughout the HIV-1 near-full-length genome using the Illumina MiSeq benchtop deep sequencer.

A cell-free enzymatic activity assay for the evaluation of HIV-1 drug resistance to protease inhibitors.

Due to their high frequency of genomic mutations, human retroviruses often develop resistance to antiretroviral drugs. The emergence of drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a significant obstacle to the effective long-term treatment of HIV infection. The development of a rapid and versatile drug-susceptibility assay would enable acquisition of phenotypic information and facilitate determination of the appropriate choice of antiretroviral agents.

Demonstration of novel gain-of-function mutations of αIIbβ3: association with macrothrombocytopenia and glanzmann thrombasthenia-like phenotype.

Integrin αIIbβ3 is indispensable for normal hemostasis, but its role for thrombopoiesis is still controversial. Recently, αIIb and β3 mutations have been identified in patients with congenital macrothrombocytopenia. We analyzed three unrelated Japanese families with congenital macrothrombocytopenia.

Molecular dynamics simulation in virus research.

Virus replication in the host proceeds by chains of interactions between viral and host proteins. The interactions are deeply influenced by host immune molecules and anti-viral compounds, as well as by mutations in viral proteins. To understand how these interactions proceed mechanically and how they are influenced by mutations, one needs to know the structures and dynamics of the proteins.

Antiviral Mechanism and Biochemical Basis of the Human APOBEC3 Family.

The human APOBEC3 (A3) family (A, B, C, DE, F, G, and H) comprises host defense factors that potently inhibit the replication of diverse retroviruses, retrotransposons, and the other viral pathogens. HIV-1 has a counterstrategy that includes expressing the Vif protein to abrogate A3 antiviral function. Without Vif, A3 proteins, particularly APOBEC3G (A3G) and APOBEC3F (A3F), inhibit HIV-1 replication by blocking reverse transcription and/or integration and hypermutating nascent viral cDNA.

Structural Features of Antiviral APOBEC3 Proteins are Linked to Their Functional Activities.

Human APOBEC3 (A3) proteins are cellular cytidine deaminases that potently restrict the replication of retroviruses by hypermutating viral cDNA and/or inhibiting reverse transcription. There are seven members of this family including A3A, B, C, DE, F, G, and H, all encoded in a tandem array on human chromosome 22. A3F and A3G are the most potent inhibitors of HIV-1, but only in the absence of the virus-encoded protein, Vif.