TDP-43 Accumulation Within Intramuscular Nerve Bundles of Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Importance: Degeneration of neuromuscular junctions and axons is considered an important aspect of the pathomechanism of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, a mechanism including the role of transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) in axons has not been pathologically clarified.

Objective: To identify and characterize the histopathology of peripheral axons in the skeletal muscle of patients with ALS.

Factors for conversion risk of colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection: a multicenter study.

Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has become a widely accepted treatment method for colorectal tumors; however, there are some persistent problems. This multi-center study aimed to characterize the risk factors for incomplete resection and perforation in standardized colorectal ESD procedures.

Methods: This study included 2423 consecutive patients who underwent ESD for 2592 colorectal tumors between August 2013 and December 2018 at 11 institutions (1 academic hospital and 10 affiliated hospitals) from the Hiroshima GI Endoscopy Research Group.

Characteristics of colorectal neuroendocrine tumors in patients prospectively enrolled in a Japanese multicenter study: a first report from the C-NET STUDY.

Background: This is the first report from a multicenter prospective cohort study of colorectal neuroendocrine tumor (NET), the C-NET STUDY, conducted to assess the long-term outcomes of the enrolled patients. This report aimed to elucidate the clinicopathological features of the enrolled patients and lesions.

Methods: Colorectal NET patients aged 20-74 years were consecutively enrolled and followed up at 50 institutions.

[A Case of Lynch Syndrome with Repeated Asynchronous Colorectal Cancer in a Short Period].

This case was a 73-year-old woman who previously underwent a partial colectomy for ascending colon cancer at the age of 70. She had a history of cancer of the uterus, descending colon, bladder, and left ureter. She had a family history of colorectal cancer and met the Amsterdam Ⅱ criteria for Lynch syndrome.

[A Case of Sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation Resected for Suspected Relapse of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma].

We report a case of sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation(SANT)5 years after remission of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL). A 64-year-old woman was diagnosed a nodular mass at the spleen by a contrast-enhanced CT scan 5 years after the relief for DLBCL. The mass showed accumulation of FDG.

The ratio of CD8 + lymphocytes to tumor-infiltrating suppressive FOXP3 + effector regulatory T cells is associated with treatment response in invasive breast cancer.

Purpose: FOXP3 + and CD8 + are recognized markers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) for breast cancer. FOXP3 + TILs are composed of effector Tregs (eTregs) and other subpopulations that are classified by their differences in suppressive function. In this prospective study, we evaluated Treg subpopulations and CD8 + TILs in breast cancer.

Classification based on skeletal muscle mass and the severity of lung emphysema impacts on clinical outcomes after anatomical resection for lung cancer.

Objectives: Both sarcopenia and lung emphysema are prognostic factors in lung cancer and can be easily assessed using the psoas muscle index and Goddard score, respectively. We investigated the clinical significance of the classification based on psoas muscle index and Goddard score in non-small cell lung cancer.

Methods: A total of 303 consecutive patients who underwent anatomical resection for non-small cell lung cancer were retrospectively analyzed.

Short-term or long-term outcomes for stroke patients with cancer according to biological markers.

Background: Although hypercoagulability using D-dimer levels may be a useful marker for predicting outcomes in ischemic stroke patients with cancer, other biological markers for predicting outcomes are unclear. We aimed to investigate the associations between several biological markers and short-term or long-term outcomes among ischemic stroke patients with cancer.

Methods: Consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients with cancer (n = 309) were registered.

Incomplete Atypical Femoral Fracture Treated by Prophylactic Intramedullary Nail Fixation: A Case Series.

Long-term bisphosphonate use may be associated with atypical femoral fractures. In this report, we describe three cases of bisphosphonate-associated incomplete atypical femoral fracture, treated by prophylactic intramedullary nail fixation. Patients with long-term intake of bisphosphonates must be carefully monitored; atypical femoral fracture should be suspected in the presence of symptoms such as thigh pain.

The Deployment of a Newly Developed Proximal Release-Type Colonic Stent Is Feasible for Malignant Colorectal Obstruction near the Anal Verge: A Single-Center Preliminary Study.

Introduction: Colonic self-expandable metallic stents are widely used to treat malignant colorectal obstructions. Stent placement in lesions near the dentate line causes problems, including severe pain due to difficulty in positioning the stent accurately. Therefore, a proximal release-type stent was developed to overcome this issue, and this preliminary study aimed to investigate its efficacy and safety.

[A Case of Pancreatoduodenectomy for Multiple Nonfunctioning Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Duodenum].

A 42-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of incidentally discovered multiple neoplastic lesions of the duodenum. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed there were more than 10 submucosal tumors and less than 10 mm in diameter. Histological examination of the biopsy specimen revealed nonfunctioning neuroendocrine tumor(NET).

Efficacy and safety comparison of scissor-type knives with needle-type knives for colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection: a post-hoc propensity score-matched analysis (with videos).

Background And Aims: Many knives have been developed to improve the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of scissor-type knives for colorectal ESD compared with needle-type knives.

Methods: We performed a post-hoc propensity score-matched analysis in an 11-facility study between August 2013 and December 2018.

Activity of anticoagulant proteins on the polymer-coated and heparin-coated membranes in an extracorporeal circulation circuit.

Introduction: We performed experiments using whole human blood without anticoagulants to clarify the activity of anticoagulant proteins on membranes coated with acrylate-copolymer (ACP) with a hydrophilic blood-contacting layer compared to those coated by immobilizing heparin (IHP) in extracorporeal circulation.

Methods: Whole human blood from healthy volunteers was recirculated in two types of experimental circuits with an ACP-coated reservoir and tubes and an ACP-coated or IHP-coated membrane. To compare the fluctuation of anticoagulant proteins, the circuit pressure at the inlet and outlet of the membrane was measured every 5 min; antithrombin antigen (ATQ), antithrombin activity, protein-C quantitation (PCQ), protein-C activity, protein-S free antigen (PSQ), and protein-S activity were measured at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min in each experiment ( = 5).

Efficacy and safety of CT-guided cryoablation after lipiodol marking and embolization for RCC.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of CT fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous cryoablation (PCA) after lipiodol marking and embolization (LME) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Material And Methods: This study included 29 patients (18 men, 11 women; mean age 69 years, range 22-89 years) with 42 RCCs. They underwent CT fluoroscopy-guided PCA after LME between March 2016 and March 2020.

Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease on the Associations of Cardiovascular Biomarkers With Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Suspected or Known Coronary Artery Disease: The EXCEED-J Study.

Background The impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on the prognostic utility of cardiovascular biomarkers in high-risk patients remains unclear. Methods and Results We performed a multicenter, prospective cohort study of 3255 patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease (CAD) to investigate whether CKD modifies the prognostic utility of cardiovascular biomarkers. Serum levels of cardiovascular and renal biomarkers, including soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-I (hs-cTnI), cystatin C, and placental growth factor, were measured in 1301 CKD and 1954 patients without CKD.

[POSTOPERATIVE RECURRENCE OF RENAL CELL CARCINOMA AFTER THE LAPAROSCOPIC PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY].

(Objectives)The usefulness of partial nephrectomy for renal tumors has been highlighted in various guidelines. Since 2006, we have been actively performing laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for renal tumors. We investigated the postoperative recurrence of renal tumors diagnosed as renal cell carcinoma after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.

Switching from entecavir to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients: a phase 4, prospective study.

Background: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is widely used and recommended as first-line treatment for patients infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, current data are limited regarding the efficacy and safety of switching to TDF for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients who are virologically suppressed with another nucleos(t)ide analogue. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) reduction potential of switching from entecavir (ETV) to TDF at week 48 in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients with undetectable serum HBV-DNA.

Post-traumatic rectourethral fistula in an adolescent managed via a transperineal approach using a local gluteal tissue interposition flap: a case report.

Background: Rectourethral fistula is a rare disease with a wide variety of etiologies and clinical presentations. A definitive surgical procedure for rectourethral fistula repair has not been established.

Case Presentation: A 13-year-old boy sustained a penetrating injury to the perineum, and developed a symptomatic rectourethral fistula thereafter.

Knockdown of optineurin controls C2C12 myoblast differentiation via regulating myogenin and MyoD expressions.

Mutations in optineurin (OPTN) have been identified in a small proportion of sporadic and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases. Recent evidences suggest that OPTN would be involved in not only the pathophysiological mechanisms of motor neuron death of ALS but also myofiber degeneration of sporadic inclusion body myositis. However, the detailed role of OPTN in muscle remains unclear.