Efficacy of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy in a Patient With Saber-Sheath Trachea on Dilated Central and Peripheral Airways: A Case Report.

A saber-sheath trachea is a type of tracheal deformity characterized by coronal narrowing and sagittal widening of the intrathoracic trachea. In this case report, we describe a 76-year-old man with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and repeated episodes of type 2 respiratory failure that responded poorly to inhaled long-acting β2 agonists, long-acting muscarinic antagonists, and corticosteroids. The patient was admitted to our hospital due to a COPD exacerbation.

Case report: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy with severe central nervous system demyelination: a clinicopathological study.

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an immune-mediated disease that mainly affects the peripheral nerves and nerve roots and typically presents with distal dominant motor and sensory disturbances as clinical symptoms. Central nervous system (CNS) demyelination with inflammation occurs infrequently in patients with CIDP. Here, we present a unique autopsy report of CIDP causing severe demyelination along the entire spinal cord.

Efficacy of Sacubitril/Valsartan in a Patient With Heart Failure and Impaired Secretion of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Due to Long-Standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation.

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a circulating hormone released from the atria in response to wall stretch and volume overload in the setting of heart failure. When atrial fibrillation (AF) becomes long-standing persistent, ANP secretion in response to volume overload is impaired due to degenerative changes of the atria. Here, we report a case of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and impaired ANP secretion due to long-standing AF.

Fructose-bisphosphate Aldolase C Expression is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Stemness in Gastric Cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Japan, underscoring the urgent need for deeper insights into its pathogenesis. Spheroids provide a more realistic and versatile model for studying cancers and cancer stem cells (CSCs). While fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C (ALDOC) has been identified in colorectal cancer spheroids, its role in GC has remained largely unexplored.

Case report: A challenging case of mixed-variant myofibroblastoma with complex imaging and pathological diagnosis.

Myofibroblastomas are benign mesenchymal tumors that frequently occur in the groin. They show variable morphology, and the differential histopathological diagnoses are broad, including lipomatous to myxoid tumors. In addition, both pathological and imaging findings may be complex, which makes diagnosis challenging.

A Case of Ramucirumab for Radiation Necrosis Following Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases From Lung Cancer.

It is well known that bevacizumab is effective against radiation necrosis in the brain (hereafter referred to as brain necrosis). Herein, we report a case of brain necrosis in a patient treated with a regimen that included ramucirumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor. A woman in her 40s presented with five brain metastases from lung adenocarcinoma at the initial diagnosis.

Use of Upadacitinib to Treat a Severe Flare-Up of Rheumatoid Arthritis During Anti-PD-1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Stage IV Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is becoming the standard of care for the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. However, T-cell activation by ICIs frequently induces a flare-up of preexisting autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are increasingly used in the treatment of RA, but they could interfere with the efficacy of ICIs by inhibiting interferon signaling.

Cystadenocarcinoma of the Sublingual Gland: A Rare Subvariant of Salivary Gland Carcinoma.

Cystadenocarcinoma is a malignant tumor that has undergone various classifications due to its wide variety of pathological forms since the World Health Organization (WHO) classification in 2005. We present a case involving a 72-year-old man who reported pain and swelling in the left floor of his mouth during eating. Examination demonstrated a thumb-sized, mobile mass with elastic softness.

The Usefulness of Lordosis Load Test and Urinary Biochemistry in the Diagnosis of Orthostatic Proteinuria.

Introduction Renal disease is commonly suspected in patients with proteinuria. Renal biopsy might be considered based on the patient's clinical history and the results of diagnostic tests. However, as orthostatic proteinuria is benign and requires no treatment, it is important to obtain a diagnosis without renal biopsy whenever possible.

Alterations of striatal phosphodiesterase 10 A and their association with recurrence rate in bipolar I disorder.

Phosphodiesterase 10 A (PDE10A), a pivotal element of the second messenger signaling downstream of the dopamine receptor stimulation, is conceived to be crucially involved in the mood instability of bipolar I disorder (BD-I) as a primary causal factor or in response to dysregulated dopaminergic tone. We aimed to determine whether striatal PDE10A availability is altered in patients with BD-I and assessed its relationship with the clinical characteristics of BD-I. This case-control study used positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-(2-(3-(4-(2-[F]fluoroethoxy)phenyl)-7-methyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)ethyl)-4-isopropoxyisoindoline-1,3-dione ([F]MNI-659), a radioligand that binds to PDE10A, to examine the alterations of the striatal PDE10A availability in the living brains of individuals with BD-I and their association with the clinical characteristics of BD-I.

IgG4-related disease with subcutaneous involvement and the associated diagnostic challenges with MRI.

IgG4-related disease is a rare fibroinflammatory disorder characterized by the infiltration of IgG4-rich plasma cells. Herein, we report a case of IgG4-related disease of the subcutaneous tissue with atypical MRI findings and difficulties in the histopathological examination using needle biopsy. Based on the clinical presentation and MRI findings, the patient was diagnosed with a benign myxoid or cystic tumor.

A Case of New-Onset Atrial Tachyarrhythmias With Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Bronchiectasis in a Very Elderly Patient: A Therapeutic Dilemma.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary myocardial disease that is genetically transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Even apical HCM (ApHCM) induces atrial fibrillation (AF) based on underlying left ventricle (LV) diastolic dysfunction, where anticoagulation therapy is recommended. However, anticoagulation for AF in patients at high risk of bleeding is a double-edged sword.

Development and validation of a high-quality simulator with exchangeable peritoneum for transabdominal preperitoneal laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair.

Introduction: Practical simulation training with proper haptic feedback and the fragility of the human body is required to overcome the long learning curve associated with laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (LIHR). However, few hernia models accurately reflect the texture and fragility of the human body. Therefore, in this study, we developed a novel model for transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) LIHR training and evaluated its validity.

Discovering cancer stem-like molecule, nuclear factor I X, using spatial transcriptome in gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) is characterized by significant intratumoral heterogeneity, and stem cells are promising therapeutic targets. Despite advancements in spatial transcriptome analyses, unexplored targets for addressing cancer stemness remain unknown. This study aimed to identify Nuclear Factor IX (NFIX) as a critical regulator of cancer stemness in GC and evaluate its clinicopathological significance and function.