Physical Activity, Cardiovascular Status, Mortality, and Prediabetes in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Adults.

Importance: Data are limited on the association of physical activity (PA) with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in prediabetes, especially in racial and ethnic minority groups, including Hispanic and Latino populations.

Objective: To determine the association of PA with incident CVD and mortality by prediabetes status among Hispanic or Latino and non-Hispanic adults.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study included data from 2 cohorts of adults with prediabetes or normoglycemia who were free of CVD at baseline visit: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) from baseline examination through 2017, with median (IQR) follow-up of 7.

Eicosanoids and Related Metabolites Associated with ESKD in a Community-Based Cohort.

Key Points: High-throughput eicosanoid profiling can identify metabolites that may play a protective role in the development of kidney disease. In contrast to many other nonlipid metabolites, eicosanoid levels are minimally related with kidney filtration cross-sectionally.

Background: Eicosanoids are derivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids and participate in the inflammatory response and the maintenance of endothelial function.

Association of Physical Inactivity with MRI Markers of Brain Aging: Assessing Mediation by Cardiometabolic and Epigenetic Factors.

Introduction: Cardiometabolic risk factors and epigenetic patterns, increased in physically inactive individuals, are associated with an accelerated brain aging process.

Objective: To determine whether cardiometabolic risk factors and epigenetic patterns mediate the association of physical inactivity with unfavorable brain morphology.

Methods: We included dementia and stroke free participants from the Framingham Heart Study Third Generation and Offspring cohorts who had accelerometery and brain MRI data (n = 2,507, 53.

Protein Biomarkers of New-Onset Heart Failure: Insights From the Heart Omics and Ageing Cohort, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, and the Framingham Heart Study.

Background: We sought to identify protein biomarkers of new-onset heart failure (HF) in 3 independent cohorts (HOMAGE cohort [Heart Omics and Ageing], ARIC study [Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities], and FHS [Framingham Heart Study]) and assess if and to what extent they improve HF risk prediction compared to clinical risk factors alone.

Methods: A nested case-control design was used with cases (incident HF) and controls (without HF) matched on age and sex within each cohort. Plasma concentrations of 276 proteins were measured at baseline in ARIC (250 cases/250 controls), FHS (191/191), and HOMAGE cohort (562/871).

Multiple Prior Live Births Are Associated With Cardiac Remodeling and Heart Failure Risk in Women.

Objective: Greater parity has been associated with cardiovascular disease risk. We sought to find whether the effects on cardiac remodeling and heart failure risk are clear.

Methods: We examined the association of number of live births with echocardiographic measures of cardiac structure and function in participants of the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) using multivariable linear regression.

Arsenic Exposure, Blood DNA Methylation, and Cardiovascular Disease.

Background: Epigenetic dysregulation has been proposed as a key mechanism for arsenic-related cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated differentially methylated positions (DMPs) as potential mediators on the association between arsenic and CVD.

Methods: Blood DNA methylation was measured in 2321 participants (mean age 56.

Multi-system trajectories and the incidence of heart failure in the Framingham Offspring Study.

Background: Heart failure is a multi-system disease, with non-cardiac systems playing a key role in disease pathogenesis.

Objective: Investigate whether longitudinal multi-system trajectories incrementally predict heart failure risk compared to single-occasion traits.

Methods: We evaluated 3,412 participants from the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort, free of heart failure, who attended examination cycle 5 and at least one examination between 1995-2008 (mean age 67 years, 54% women).

Resting heart rate and incident atrial fibrillation: A stratified Mendelian randomization in the AFGen consortium.

Background: Both elevated and low resting heart rates are associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), suggesting a U-shaped relationship. However, evidence for a U-shaped causal association between genetically-determined resting heart rate and incident AF is limited. We investigated potential directional changes of the causal association between genetically-determined resting heart rate and incident AF.

The Value of Rare Genetic Variation in the Prediction of Common Obesity in European Ancestry Populations.

Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) aggregate the effects of genetic variants across the genome and are used to predict risk of complex diseases, such as obesity. Current PRSs only include common variants (minor allele frequency (MAF) ≥1%), whereas the contribution of rare variants in PRSs to predict disease remains unknown. Here, we examine whether augmenting the standard common variant PRS (PRS) with a rare variant PRS (PRS) improves prediction of obesity.

Neck Circumference and Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation in the Framingham Heart Study.

Background Increased neck circumference, a proxy for upper-body subcutaneous fat, is associated with cardiovascular risk and metabolic risk factors, accounting for body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. The association between neck circumference and incident atrial fibrillation (AF) is unclear. The aim of current study was to evaluate the association between neck circumference and incident AF.

Circulating Interleukin-6 Levels and Incident Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies.

Background And Objectives: Human genetic studies support a key role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. However, there are only limited data from observational studies exploring circulating IL-6 levels as a risk factor for ischemic stroke. We set out to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of aggregate data on cohort studies to determine the magnitude and shape of the association between circulating IL-6 levels and risk of incident ischemic stroke in the general population.

Blood DNA Methylation and Incident Coronary Heart Disease: Evidence From the Strong Heart Study.

Importance: American Indian communities experience a high burden of coronary heart disease (CHD). Strategies are needed to identify individuals at risk and implement preventive interventions.

Objective: To investigate the association of blood DNA methylation (DNAm) with incident CHD using a large number of methylation sites (cytosine-phosphate-guanine [CpG]) in a single model.

Genome-wide association study of circulating interleukin 6 levels identifies novel loci.

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine with both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties with a heritability estimate of up to 61%. The circulating levels of IL-6 in blood have been associated with an increased risk of complex disease pathogenesis. We conducted a two-staged, discovery and replication meta genome-wide association study (GWAS) of circulating serum IL-6 levels comprising up to 67 428 (ndiscovery = 52 654 and nreplication = 14 774) individuals of European ancestry.

Approximate conditional phenotype analysis based on genome wide association summary statistics.

Because single genetic variants may have pleiotropic effects, one trait can be a confounder in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) that aims to identify loci associated with another trait. A typical approach to address this issue is to perform an additional analysis adjusting for the confounder. However, obtaining conditional results can be time-consuming.

Metabolomics Insights into Osteoporosis Through Association With Bone Mineral Density.

Osteoporosis, a disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD), increases the risk for fractures. Conventional risk factors alone do not completely explain measured BMD or osteoporotic fracture risk. Metabolomics may provide additional information.

Eicosanoid Inflammatory Mediators Are Robustly Associated With Blood Pressure in the General Population.

Background Epidemiological and animal studies have associated systemic inflammation with blood pressure (BP). However, the mechanistic factors linking inflammation and BP remain unknown. Fatty acid-derived eicosanoids serve as mediators of inflammation and have been suggested to regulate renal vascular tone, peripheral resistance, renin-angiotensin system, and endothelial function.

Relations between plasma microRNAs, echocardiographic markers of atrial remodeling, and atrial fibrillation: Data from the Framingham Offspring study.

Background: Circulating microRNAs may reflect or influence pathological cardiac remodeling and contribute to atrial fibrillation (AF).

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify candidate plasma microRNAs that are associated with echocardiographic phenotypes of atrial remodeling, and incident and prevalent AF in a community-based cohort.

Methods: We analyzed left atrial function index (LAFI) of 1788 Framingham Offspring 8 participants.

Trends in excess mortality associated with atrial fibrillation over 45 years (Framingham Heart Study): community based cohort study.

Objective: To assess temporal trends in the association between newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation and death.

Design: Community based cohort study.

Setting: Framingham Heart Study cohort, in 1972-85, 1986-2000, and 2001-15 (periods 1-3, respectively), in Framingham, MA, USA.