Simultaneous species detection and discovery with environmental DNA metabarcoding: A freshwater mollusk case study.

Environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling is a powerful tool for rapidly characterizing biodiversity patterns for specious, cryptic taxa with incomplete taxonomies. One such group that are also of high conservation concern are North American freshwater gastropods. In particular, springsnails of the genus (Family: Hydrobiidae) are prevalent throughout the western United States where >140 species have been described.

Integrative taxonomy refutes a species hypothesis: The asymmetric hybrid origin of (Plecoptera, Capniidae).

Molecular tools are commonly directed at refining taxonomies and the species that constitute their fundamental units. This has been especially insightful for groups for which species hypotheses are ambiguous and have largely been based on morphological differences between certain life stages or sexes, and has added importance when taxa are a focus of conservation efforts. Here, we examine the taxonomic status of , a winter stonefly in the family Capniidae that is a species of conservation concern because of its limited abundance and restricted range in northern Colorado, USA.