Antiviral activity of exopolysaccharides from Arthrospira platensis against koi herpesvirus.

Although koi herpesvirus (KHV) has a history of causing severe economic losses in common carp and koi farms, there are still no treatments available on the market. Thus, the aim of this study was to test exopolysaccharides (EPS) for its antiviral activity against KHV, by monitoring inhibition and cytotoxic effects in common carp brain cells. These substances can be easily extracted from extracellular algae supernatant and were identified as groups of sulphated polysaccharides.

Control of the red tide dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides by ozone in seawater.

The inactivation of C. polykrikoides, a red tide dinoflagellate, by ozonation was investigated in seawater by monitoring numbers of viable and total cells. Parameters affecting the inactivation efficacy of C.

Occurrence, removal and release characteristics of dissolved brominated flame retardants and their potential metabolites in various kinds of wastewater.

The dissolved phase compound and congener specific distribution characteristics of three widely used brominated flame retardants (BFRs) comprising 27 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 12 hydroxylated and methoxylated metabolites (OH- and MeO-BDEs), 3 hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) were investigated in influents and effluents of various kinds of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), with varying source of wastewater and type of treatment, and nearby rivers in Korea. The concentration of total BFRs were the highest in industrial WWTPs nearby large industrial complexes specialized in heavy chemicals. The distribution of BFRs was differed according to composition of wastewater, with predominance of TBBPA in WWTPs with higher portion of inflowing industrial wastewater.

Activation of Oxygen and Hydrogen Peroxide by Copper(II) Coupled with Hydroxylamine for Oxidation of Organic Contaminants.

This study reports that the combination of Cu(II) with hydroxylamine (HA) (referred to herein as Cu(II)/HA system) in situ generates H2O2 by reducing dissolved oxygen, subsequently producing reactive oxidants through the reaction of Cu(I) with H2O2. The external supply of H2O2 to the Cu(II)/HA system (i.e.

Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Rapid Secondary-Metabolite Profiling of Marine Pseudoalteromonas sp. M2.

The ocean is a rich resource of flora, fauna, and food. A wild-type bacterial strain showing confluent growth on marine agar with antibacterial activity was isolated from marine water, identified using 16S rDNA sequence analysis as Pseudoalteromonas sp., and designated as strain M2.

Tenacibaculum ascidiaceicola sp. nov., isolated from the golden sea squirt Halocynthia aurantium.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-flagellated, non-spore-forming bacterial strain motile by gliding, designated RSS1-6T, was isolated from a golden sea squirt Halocynthia aurantium and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Strain RSS1-6T grew optimally at 30-37 °C and in the presence of 1.0-4.

Species-specific accumulation of methyl and total mercury in sharks from offshore and coastal waters of Korea.

Limited information is available on mercury (Hg) levels in various shark species consumed in Korea. The methyl-Hg (Me-Hg) and total Hg concentrations in all shark species ranged from 0.08 to 4.

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from oysters in Korea.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the most prevalent gastroenteritis-causing pathogen in Korea and in some other Asian countries. It is frequently found in oysters and other seafood. This study monitored changes in the prevalence of V.

Octadecabacter ascidiaceicola sp. nov., isolated from a sea squirt (Halocynthia roretzi).

A Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, RA1-3T, was isolated from a sea squirt (Halocynthia roretzi) collected from the South Sea, South Korea, and subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Strain RA1-3T grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0-8.

Roseovarius scapharcae sp. nov., isolated from ark shell Scapharca broughtonii.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic and ovoid or rod-shaped bacterium, designated MA4-5T, was isolated from ark shell (Scapharca broughtonii) collected from the South Sea, South Korea. The novel strain grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0-8.

First report of Urosporidium sp., a haplosporidian hyperparasite infecting digenean trematode Parvatrema duboisi in Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum on the west coast of Korea.

In this study, we first report on the occurrence of Urosporidium sp., a haplosporidian hyperparasite infecting the trematode, Parvatrema duboisi, which parasitizes Manila clams, Ruditapes philippinarum on the west and south coasts of Korea. The larval P.

Assessment of organotin and tin-free antifouling paints contamination in the Korean coastal area.

Twelve organotins (methyl-, octyl-, butyl-, and phenyl-tin), and eight tin-free antifouling paints and their degradation products were measured in marine sediments from the Korean coastal area, and Busan and Ulsan bays, the largest harbor area in Korea. The total concentration of tin-free antifouling paints was two- to threefold higher than the total concentration of organotins. Principal component analysis was used to identify sites with relatively high levels of contamination in the inner bay area of Busan and Ulsan bays, which were separated from the coastal area.

Aliisedimentitalea scapharcae gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from ark shell Scapharca broughtonii.

A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, motile and ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated MA2-16(T), was isolated from ark shell (Scapharca broughtonii) collected from the South Sea, South Korea. Strain MA2-16(T) was found to grow optimally at 30°C, at pH 7.0-8.

Polyphosphate-enhanced production of reactive oxidants by nanoparticulate zero-valent iron and ferrous ion in the presence of oxygen: Yield and nature of oxidants.

The production of reactive oxidants from nanoparticulate zero-valent iron (nZVI) and ferrous ion (Fe(II)) in the presence of oxygen was greatly enhanced by the addition of tetrapolyphosphate (TPP) as an iron-chelating agent. Compared to other ligands, TPP exhibited superior activity in improving the oxidant yields. The nZVI/TPP/O2 and the Fe(II)/TPP/O2 systems showed similar oxidant yields with respect to the iron consumed, indicating that nZVI only serves as a source of Fe(II).

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in thirteen shark species from offshore and coastal waters of Korea.

Limited reports are available on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in sharks. In this study, PBDEs were measured in dorsal muscles (n=105) from 13 shark species collected from offshore and coastal waters of Korea. The PBDE concentrations varied greatly not only among species but also within species of sharks.

Trophic structure in a pilot system for the integrated multi-trophic aquaculture off the east coast of Korean peninsula as determined by stable isotopes.

To assess the potential for nutritional exploitation of caged-fish-derived waste through the use of extractive co-cultured species in a pilot system for an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), we compared their C and N stable isotope ratios with those of uncultured macroinvertebrates in and around the system. Black rockfish were co-cultured with sea cucumber, oyster, and two macroalgae as extractive species. Isotope signatures of the co-cultured sea cucumber at the IMTA site differed from those at the control site, indicating their assimilation of aquaculture wastes.

Persistent organochlorines in 13 shark species from offshore and coastal waters of Korea: Species-specific accumulation and contributing factors.

Data on persistent organochlorines (OCs) in sharks are scarce. Concentrations of OCs such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined in the muscle tissue of 13 shark species (n=105) collected from offshore (Indian and Pacific Oceans) and coastal waters of Korea, to investigate species-specific accumulation of OCs and to assess the potential health risks associated with consumption of shark meat. Overall OC concentrations were highly variable not only among species but also within the same species of shark.

Brominated flame retardants in Korean river sediments, including changes in polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations between 2006 and 2009.

Brominated flame retardants were analyzed in sediment samples from the Nakdong River basin, Korea. The total concentrations of the 27 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), including decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE 209), analyzed were 0.55-300 ng g(-1) dry weight (dw), the BDE 209 concentrations were 0.

Amphritea ceti sp. nov., isolated from faeces of Beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas).

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod-shaped or ovoid bacterial strain, designated RA1(T), was isolated from faeces collected from Beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) in Yeosu aquarium, South Korea. Strain RA1(T) grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0-8.

Ascidiaceihabitans donghaensis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the golden sea squirt Halocynthia aurantium.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated RSS1-M3(T), was isolated from a golden sea squirt (Halocynthia aurantium) collected from the East Sea, South Korea. Strain RSS1-M3(T) grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.

A nationwide survey and emission estimates of cyclic and linear siloxanes through sludge from wastewater treatment plants in Korea.

Siloxanes are widely used in various industrial applications as well as in personal care products. Despite their widespread use and potential toxic effects, few studies have reported on the occurrence of siloxanes in the environment. In this study, we determined the concentrations of 5 cyclic and 15 linear siloxanes in sludge collected from 40 representative wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Korea.

Expression analysis and biological activity of moronecidin from rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus.

The piscidin-family, one of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) mainly distributed in fish, is crucial effectors of fish innate immune response. Piscidin-family typically has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and the ability to modulate the immune response. In this study, we identified moronecidin (Rbmoro) included in piscidin-family from rock bream and investigated its gene expression using quantitative real-time PCR and biological activity (including antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity).

Effects of Feeding Rate and Water Temperature on Growth and Body Composition of Juvenile Korean Rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf 1880).

Three feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding rate and water temperature on growth and body composition of juvenile Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli rearing at 3 different water temperatures. A total of 270 fish (each experiment) individual body weight (BW) averaging 16±0.3 g (mean±SD) were fed a commercial diet for 4 wk at 16°C, 20°C, and 24°C.

Pseudopelagicola gijangensis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the sea squirt Halocynthia roretzi.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated YSS-7(T), was isolated from a sea squirt (Halocynthia roretzi) collected from the South Sea of South Korea. Strain YSS-7(T) grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0-8.