Inhibition of human thrombin by the constituents of licorice: inhibition kinetics and mechanistic insights through and studies.

Thrombin inhibition therapy is a practical strategy to reduce thrombotic and cardiovascular risks blocking the formation of blood clots. This study aimed to identify naturally occurring thrombin inhibitors from licorice (one of the most popular edible herbs), as well as to investigate their inhibitory mechanisms. Among all tested licorice constituents, licochalcone A was found as the most efficacious agent against human thrombin (IC = 7.

Inhibition of human carboxylesterases by ginsenosides: structure-activity relationships and inhibitory mechanism.

Background: Human carboxylesterases (hCES) are key serine hydrolases responsible for the hydrolysis of a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic esters. Although it has been reported that some ginsenosides can modulate the activities of various enzymes, the inhibitory effects of ginsenosides on hCES have not been well-investigated.

Methods: In this study, more than 20 ginsenosides were collected and their inhibitory effects on hCES1A and hCES2A were assayed using the highly specific fluorescent probe substrates for each isoenzyme.

Inhibition of pancreatic lipase by the constituents in St. John's Wort: In vitro and in silico investigations.

Herbal medicines are frequently used for the prevention and treatment of obesity and obesity-related disorders. Our preliminary screening showed that St. John's Wort (SJW) displayed potent inhibition on pancreatic lipase (PL), a key hydrolase responsible for lipid digestion and absorption in mammals.

In silico design novel vibsanin B derivatives as inhibitor for heat shock protein 90 based on 3D-QSAR, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation.

Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Dezhou donkey (Equus asinus) milk a potential treatment strategy for type 2 diabetes.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Donkey (Equus asinus) milk has become a medical and nutrient product since ancient times. In addition, donkey milk was regarded as a medicinal food and substitute product for infant formula in some ancient western countries. Chinese ancient medical books documented the medicinal value of donkey milk, using donkey milk to treat diabetes, cough and jaundice.

RNA-sequencing based bone marrow cell transcriptome analysis reveals the potential mechanisms of E'jiao against blood-deficiency in mice.

As a health-care food and traditional Chinese medicine, E'jiao, from the skin of Equus animus L, has been used to nourish blood in China for more than 2000 years. In modern medicine, there are also evidences indicate it has a beneficial effect on chemotherapy-caused blood deficiency. However, its mechanism of action for blood invigoration remains unclear.

[Research progress on quality control methods of traditional Chinese medicine glues].

Traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) glues,including leather glues,horn glues,nail glues and bone glues,have a long application history and unique characteristics. In recent years,their market demand has increased year by year because of their remarkable curative efficacy and nourishing effects,which leads to insufficient supply of raw material resources,and widespread use of fake and inferior products,seriously affecting the reputation of TCM glues and drug safety. In this context,the establishment of a more specific quality detection method for the TCM glues according to their specific characteristics can effectively improve the quality control level,promote rational use,and have a far-reaching impact on the industrial development of TCM glues.

Different distribution of Cryptosporidium species between horses and donkeys.

Few studies have been conducted on the distribution of Cryptosporidium species and subtypes in equine animals. In this study, 878 stool specimens were collected during 2015-2019 from 551 donkeys and 327 horses in Shandong, Xinjiang, and Inner Mongolia, China and screened for Cryptosporidium spp. by PCR analysis of the small subunit rRNA gene.

Pharmacological and transcriptome profiling analyses of Fufang E'jiao Jiang during chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Fufang E'jiao Jiang (FEJ), a famous traditional Chinese medicine formula from "Liangyi Ointment", consists of five crude drugs, Colla corii asini, Radix Ginseng Rubra, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Codonopsis pilosula, and Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. It has pronounced functions of qi-nourishing and blood-activating. Recently, it has been widely used in China as a medication against myelosuppression in cancer treatment.

Abortion in donkeys associated with Salmonella abortus equi infection.

Background: Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar abortus equi (S. abortus equi) is well known as the aetiological agent of equine abortion. However, abortion caused by S.

Genetic diversity and maternal origin of Northeast African and South American donkey populations.

To investigate the mtDNA variation and origin of maternal lineages in South American donkeys and to reassess the domestication of donkeys in northeast Africa, we analyzed sequences (489 bp of the D-loop) from 323 domestic donkeys sampled from Peru, Brazil, Ethiopia and Egypt. Altogether, the 323 sequences displayed 53 different haplotypes (45 in Ethiopia, 14 in Egypt, eight in Peru and six in Brazil). Among the four populations, Egyptian donkeys possessed the highest haplotype diversity (0.

Zearalenone: A Mycotoxin With Different Toxic Effect in Domestic and Laboratory Animals' Granulosa Cells.

Zearalenone (ZEA), one of the most prevalent estrogenic mycotoxins, is mainly produced by fungi and has been proven to affect the reproductive capacity of animals. Exposure of farm animals to ZEA is a global public health concern because of its toxicity and wide distribution in animal feeds. and experiments indicate that ZEA possesses estrogenic activity in mice, swine, and cattle.

Protective Effect of against Lung Injuries Induced by Intratracheal Instillation of Artificial Fine Particles in Rats.

Environmental issues pose huge threats to public health, particularly the damage caused by fine particulate matter (PM). However, the mechanisms of injury require further investigation and medical materials that can protect the lungs from PM are needed. We have found that , a traditional Chinese medicine that has long been used to treat various ailments, is a good candidate to serve this purpose.

Zearalenone Exposure Enhanced the Expression of Tumorigenesis Genes in Donkey Granulosa Cells via the // Signaling Pathway.

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a natural contaminant existing in food and feed products that exhibits a negative effect on domestic animals' reproduction. Donkeys possess high economic value in China and are at risk of exposure to ZEA. However, few information is available on ZEA-induced toxicity and no report on toxicity in donkeys can be found in scientific literature.

Transcriptome Profiling Analysis Reveals the Potential Mechanisms of Three Bioactive Ingredients of Fufang E'jiao Jiang During Chemotherapy-Induced Myelosuppression in Mice.

Although multiple bioactive components have been identified in Fufang E'jiao Jiang (FEJ), their hematopoietic effects and molecular mode of action are still not fully understood. In the current study, we analyzed the effects of martynoside, R-notoginsenoside R2 (R2), and 20S-ginsenoside Rg2 (Rg2) in a 5-fluorouracil-induced myelosuppression mouse model. Bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNCs) counts, hematopoietic progenitor cell colony-forming unit (CFU) assay, as well as flow cytometry analysis of Lin/c-kit/Sca-1 hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) population were conducted, and bone marrow cells were subjected to RNA sequencing.

Novel biomolecule lycopene-reduced graphene oxide-silver nanoparticle enhances apoptotic potential of trichostatin A in human ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3).

Background: Recently, there has been much interest in the field of nanomedicine to improve prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Combination therapy seems to be most effective when two different molecules that work by different mechanisms are combined at low dose, thereby decreasing the possibility of drug resistance and occurrence of unbearable side effects. Based on this consideration, the study was designed to investigate the combination effect of reduced graphene oxide-silver nanoparticles (rGO-AgNPs) and trichostatin A (TSA) in human ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3).

RNA-seq based gene expression analysis of ovarian granulosa cells exposed to zearalenone : significance to steroidogenesis.

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a natural contaminant of various food and feed products representing a significant problem worldwide. Since the occurrence of ZEA in grains and feeds is frequent, the present study was carried out to evaluate the possible effects of ZEA on steroid production and gene expression of porcine granulosa cells, using RNA-seq analysis. Porcine granulosa cells were administered 10 μM and 30 μM ZEA during 72 h of culture .

Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce apoptosis and autophagy in human ovarian cancer cells.

Background: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are frequently used in industrial products such as paint, surface coating, and cosmetics, and recently, they have been explored in biologic and biomedical applications. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the effect of ZnO NPs on cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and autophagy in human ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3).

Methods: ZnO NPs with a crystalline size of 20 nm were characterized with various analytical techniques, including ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy.