Phylogenetic Analysis of Wild Species and the Maternal Origin of Cultivars in the Genus Using 114 Plastid Genomes.

Lilies are one of the most important ornamental flowers worldwide with approximately 100 wild species and numerous cultivars, but the phylogenetic relationships among wild species and their contributions to these cultivars are poorly resolved. We collected the major species and cultivars and assembled their plastome sequences. Our phylogenetic reconstruction using 114 plastid genomes, including 70 wild species representing all sections and 42 cultivars representing six hybrid divisions and two outgroups, uncovered well-supported genetic relationships within .

Transcriptomic Insight into Viviparous Growth in Water Lily.

Water lily is an important ornamental flower plant which is capable of viviparous plantlet development. But no study has been reported on the molecular basis of viviparity in water lily. Hence, we performed a comparative transcriptome study between viviparous water lily and a nonviviparous species at four developmental stages.

Integrative Analysis of miRNAs and Their Targets Involved in Ray Floret Growth in .

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in regulating many aspects of plant growth and development at the post-transcriptional level. Gerbera () is an important ornamental crop. However, the role of miRNAs in the growth and development of gerbera is still unclear.

Phylogeography and Population Genetics of var. s and Complex, the Important Ancestor of Modern Roses.

var. and complex are the morphologically very similar key ancestors of modern roses with high importance in rose research and breeding. Although widely distributed in subtropical central and southwestern China, these two taxa are highly endangered.

Comprehensive Biochemical, Physiological, and Transcriptomic Analyses Provide Insights Into Floral Bud Dormancy in Franch.

Due to a scarcity of relevant data, the ornamental woody flower Franch. is examined in the current study for its low temperature-induced floral bud dormancy (late October-end December) aspect. This study used transcriptome data profiling and co-expression network analyses to identify the interplay between endogenous hormones and bud dormancy phases such as pre-dormancy, para-dormancy, endo-dormancy, eco-dormancy, and dormancy release.

The DcPS1 cooperates with OSDLa during pollen development and 2n gamete production in carnation meiosis.

Background: Deciphering the mechanisms of meiosis has important implications for potential applications in plant breeding programmes and species evolution. However, the process of meiosis is poorly understood in carnation, which is famous for its cut flowers.

Results: We report that Dianthus caryophyllus parallel spindle 1 (DcPS1) regulates omission of second division like a (OSDLa) during pollen development and 2n gamete production in carnation meiosis.

Selection and Evaluation of Candidate Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Aboveground Tissues and Drought Conditions in .

There has been no systematic identification and screening of candidate reference genes for normalization of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results in to date. Therefore, the present study used and Ubiquitin to predict their stabilities on different aboveground tissues (matured leaves (ML), stem tips (STM), and flower buds (FB)) at different developmental stages (young and adult plants) using five statistical algorithms: Delta Ct method, BestKeeper, geNorm, Normfinder, and RefFinder. The findings were confirmed using ML obtained from plants that had been stressed by drought.

Transcriptomic and metabolomic changes triggered by Macrosiphum rosivorum in rose (Rosa longicuspis).

Background: Rose is one of the most popular flowers in the wold. Its field growth and quality are negatively affected by aphids. However, the defence mechanisms used by rose plants against aphids are unclear.

Morphological studies of rose prickles provide new insights.

Prickles are common structures in plants that play a key role in defense against herbivores. In the Rosa genus, prickles are widely present with great diversity in terms of form and density. For cut rose production, prickles represent an important issue, as they can damage the flower and injure workers.

Chromosome-level genome assembly and population genetic analysis of a critically endangered rhododendron provide insights into its conservation.

Rhododendrons are woody plants, famous throughout the world as having high horticultural value. However, many wild species are currently threatened with extinction. Here, we report for the first time a high-quality, chromosome-level genome of Rhododendron griersonianum, which has contributed to approximately 10% of all horticultural rhododendron varieties but which in its wild form has been evaluated as critically endangered.

The Rhododendron Plant Genome Database (RPGD): a comprehensive online omics database for Rhododendron.

Background: The genus Rhododendron L. has been widely cultivated for hundreds of years around the world. Members of this genus are known for great ornamental and medicinal value.

RcTGA1 and glucosinolate biosynthesis pathway involvement in the defence of rose against the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea.

Background: Rose is an important economic crop in horticulture. However, its field growth and postharvest quality are negatively affected by grey mould disease caused by Botrytis c. However, it is unclear how rose plants defend themselves against this fungal pathogen.

Genetic determinism of prickles in rose.

The genetic determinism of prickle in rose is complex, with a major locus on LG3 that controls the absence/presence of prickles on the rose stem. Rose is one of the major ornamental plants. The selection of glabrous cultivars is an important breeding target but remains a difficult task due to our limited genetic knowledge.

Haploid induction via unpollinated ovule culture in Gerbera hybrida.

Ovule-derived haploid culture is an effective and important method for genetic study and plant breeding. Gerbera hybrida is a highly heterozygous species, and the lack of homozygous lines presents a challenge for molecular genetic research. Therefore, we performed haploid induction through unpollinated ovule culture and evaluated the effects of several important factors on this culturing procedure in G.

The water lily genome and the early evolution of flowering plants.

Water lilies belong to the angiosperm order Nymphaeales. Amborellales, Nymphaeales and Austrobaileyales together form the so-called ANA-grade of angiosperms, which are extant representatives of lineages that diverged the earliest from the lineage leading to the extant mesangiosperms. Here we report the 409-megabase genome sequence of the blue-petal water lily (Nymphaea colorata).

Physiological and transcriptomic analysis highlight key metabolic pathways in relation to drought tolerance in .

is an alpine evergreen ornamental plant, but water shortage limits its growth and development in urban gardens. However, the adaptive mechanism of alpine evergreen rhododendrons to drought remains unclear. Here, a water control experiment was conducted to study the physiological and transcriptomic response of to drought.

The development of a high-density genetic map significantly improves the quality of reference genome assemblies for rose.

Roses are important woody plants featuring a set of important traits that cannot be investigated in traditional model plants. Here, we used the restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) technology to develop a high-density linkage map of the backcross progeny (BC1F1) between Rosa chinensis 'Old Blush' (OB) and R. wichuraiana 'Basyes' Thornless' (BT).

[Molecular mechanisms of meiotic recombination suppression in plants].

Meiotic recombination not only ensures the stability of chromosome numbers during the sexual reproduction in eukaryotes, but also shuffles the maternal and paternal genetic materials to generate genetic diversity in the gametes. Therefore, meiotic recombination is an important pathway for genetic diversity, which has been considered as a major driving force for species evolution and biodiversity in nature. In most eukaryotes, meiotic recombination is strictly limited, despite the large variation of physical genome size and chromosome numbers among species, but the mechanisms suppressing meiotic recombination remain elusive.

Identification and expression analysis of cytokinin metabolic genes , and in the biofuel plant .

The seed oil of is considered a potential bioenergy source that could replace fossil fuels. However, the seed yield of is low and has yet to be improved. We previously reported that exogenous cytokinin treatment increased the seed yield of .

The Complete Chloroplast Genome of a Key Ancestor of Modern Roses, Rosa chinensis var. spontanea, and a Comparison with Congeneric Species.

var. , an endemic and endangered plant of China, is one of the key ancestors of modern roses and a source for famous traditional Chinese medicines against female diseases, such as irregular menses and dysmenorrhea. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of var.

The draft genome assembly of Rhododendron delavayi Franch. var. delavayi.

Rhododendron delavayi Franch. is globally famous as an ornamental plant. Its distribution in southwest China covers several different habitats and environments.

Draft genome sequence of the Tibetan medicinal herb Rhodiola crenulata.

Rhodiola crenulata, a well-known medicinal Tibetan herb, is mainly grown in high-altitude regions of the Tibet, Yunnan, and Sichuan provinces in China. In the past few years, increasing numbers of studies have been published on the potential pharmacological activities of R. crenulata, strengthening our understanding into its putitive active ingredient composition, pharmacological activity, and mechanism of action.