Joint Estimation for Time Delay and Direction of Arrival in Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface with OFDM.

Recently, the joint estimation for time delay (TD) and direction of arrival (DOA) has suffered from the high complexity of processing multi-dimensional signal models and the ineffectiveness of correlated/coherent signals. In order to improve this situation, a joint estimation method using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and a uniform planar array composed of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is proposed. First, the time-domain coding function of the RIS is combined with the multi-carrier characteristic of the OFDM signal to construct the coded channel frequency response in tensor form.

Null Broadening Robust Adaptive Beamforming Algorithm Based on Power Estimation.

In order to solve the problem of severely decreased performance under the situation of rapid moving sources and unstable array platforms, a null broadening robust adaptive beamforming algorithm based on power estimation is proposed in this paper. First of all, we estimate the interference signal power according to the characteristic subspace theory. Then, the correspondence between the signal power and steering vector (SV) is obtained based on the orthogonal property, and the interference covariance matrix (ICM) is reconstructed.

High-Performance Breaking and Intelligent of Miniature Circuit Breakers.

The exploitation and utilization of clean energy such as wind and photovoltaic power plays an important role in the reduction in carbon emissions to achieve the goal of "emission peak and carbon neutral", but such a quantity of clean energy accessing the electric system will foster the transition of the electric power system structure. The intelligentization of power equipment will be an inevitable trend of development. High breaking performance, remote control and a digital detection platform of miniature circuit breaker, a protective equipment of a power distribution system, have also been inevitable requirements of the power Iot system.

A delay deviation tolerance IP geolocation method with error estimation.

IP geolocation is an important basis of location-based network services, while error estimation is an important basis for judging the reliability of results. Most of the existing IP geolocation algorithms cannot estimate the geolocation error. A few can achieve error estimation through high-precision delay measurement, but their performance is also affected by the common delay inflation in the actual network.

Cationic Interstitials: An Overlooked Ionic Defect in Memristors.

Metal oxide-based memristors are promising candidates for breaking through the limitations in data storage density and transmission efficiency in traditional von Neumann systems, owing to their great potential in multi-state data storage and achievement of the in-memory neuromorphic computing paradigm. Currently, the resistive switching behavior of those is mainly ascribed to the formation and rupture of conductive filaments or paths formed by the migration of cations from electrodes or oxygen vacancies in oxides. However, due to the relatively low stability and endurance of the cations from electrodes, and the high mobility and weak immunity of oxygen vacancies, intermediate resistance states can be hardly retained for multilevel or synaptic resistive switching.

A Dihydroazulene-Based Photofluorochromic AIE System for Rewritable 4D Information Encryption.

Dynamic patterns based on luminescent materials play an essential role in the digital age. However, it is still challenging to develop highly emissive photofluorochromic materials with dynamic behaviors to store information with multiple characteristics. Here, we report a series of dihydroazulene-based compounds which show typical aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect.

Medium-Temperature-Oxidized GeO Resistive-Switching Random-Access Memory and Its Applicability in Processing-in-Memory Computing.

Processing-in-memory (PIM) is emerging as a new computing paradigm to replace the existing von Neumann computer architecture for data-intensive processing. For the higher end-user mobility, low-power operation capability is more increasingly required and components need to be renovated to make a way out of the conventional software-driven artificial intelligence. In this work, we investigate the hardware performances of PIM architecture that can be presumably constructed by resistive-switching random-access memory (ReRAM) synapse fabricated with a relatively larger thermal budget in the full Si processing compatibility.

Automatic Rate and Rate-Integrating Mode-Switchable Axisymmetric Gyroscope.

This paper describes a novel rate and rate-integrating mode-switchable axisymmetric gyroscope. A precession angle tracking algorithm is developed to enable the gyro to switch automatically between rate and rate-integrating modes at preset rate points through a digital control system within the gyro. We also propose a vibrating amplitude control method for the rate-integrating mode that directly extracts the angular rate output to ensure switching stability.

A data plane security model of segmented routing based on SDP trust enhancement architecture.

Segment routing (SR) technology is a new network functional technology derived from MPLS technology and based on SDN. Combining SR with software-defined perimeter (SDP), a new network security technology, is expected to solve the traditional problems such as data monitoring, denial of service, and new threats such as loop attack and label detection faced by SR data plane. Focusing on the security management of access devices in the SR data plane, first, this paper proposes an SR security model SbSR (SDP-based SR) based on SDP trust enhancement architecture, then, two-level SDP AH trust verification mechanism and 4 trust management mechanisms including initial trust value, trust evaluation, trust renewal, trust inheritance are designed.

Reconfigurable Metalens with Phase-Change Switching between Beam Acceleration and Rotation for 3D Depth Imaging.

Depth imaging is very important for many emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, driverless vehicles and facial recognition. However, all these applications demand compact and low-power systems that are beyond the capabilities of most state-of-art depth cameras. Recently, metasurface-based depth imaging that exploits point spread function (PSF) engineering has been demonstrated to be miniaturized and single shot without requiring active illumination or multiple viewpoint exposures.

Nanopower Integrated Gaussian Mixture Model Classifier for Epileptic Seizure Prediction.

This paper presents a new analog front-end classification system that serves as a wake-up engine for digital back-ends, targeting embedded devices for epileptic seizure prediction. Predicting epileptic seizures is of major importance for the patient's quality of life as they can lead to paralyzation or even prove fatal. Existing solutions rely on power hungry embedded digital inference engines that typically consume several µW or even mW.

Nonlinear droop compensation for current waveforms in MRI gradient systems.

Purpose: Providing accurate gradient currents is challenging due to the gradient chain nonlinearities, arising from gradient power amplifiers and power supply stages. This work introduces a new characterization approach that takes the amplifier and power supply into account, resulting in a nonlinear model that compensates for the current droop.

Methods: The gradient power amplifier and power supply stage were characterized by a modified state-space averaging technique.

Trampolining of Droplets on Hydrophobic Surfaces Using Electrowetting.

Droplet detachment from solid surfaces is an essential part of many industrial processes. Electrowetting is a versatile tool for handling droplets in digital microfluidics, not only on plain surface but also in 3-D manner. Here, we report for the first time droplet trampolining using electrowetting.

Unscented Kalman Filter-Based Robust State and Parameter Estimation for Free Radical Polymerization of Styrene with Variable Parameters.

The free radical polymerization of styrene (FRPS) is a complex process system with uncertain parameters in its mechanistic model. When the reaction conditions are switched, or the reaction process generates faults, the parameters will change. Therefore, state and parameter estimation (SPE) becomes an important part of the process monitoring and process control for free radical polymerization of styrene.

Study on a New Method of Link-Based Link Prediction in the Context of Big Data.

Link prediction is a concept of network theory that intends to find a link between two separate network entities. In the present world of social media, this concept has taken root, and its application is seen through numerous social networks. A typical example is 2004, 4 February "TheFeacebook," currently known as just Facebook.

Multistage Digital-to-Analogue Chip Based on a Weighted Flow Resistance Network for Soft Actuators.

A control chip with a multistage flow-rate regulation function based on the correlation between the flow resistance and flow rate has been developed in this article. Compared with the traditional proportional solenoid valve, this kind of flow valve based on microfluidic technology has the characteristics of being light-weight and having no electric drive. It solves such technical problems as how the current digital microfluidic chip can only adjust the flow switch, and the adjustment of the flow rate is difficult.

Evolution of the Electromagnetic Manipulation: From Tunable to Programmable and Intelligent Metasurfaces.

Looking back on the development of metamaterials in the past 20 years, metamaterials have gradually developed from three-dimensional complex electromagnetic structures to a two-dimensional metasurface with a low profile, during which a series of subversive achievements have been produced. The form of electromagnetic manipulation of the metasurface has evolved from passive to active tunable, programmable, and other dynamic and real-time controllable forms. In particular, the proposal of coding and programmable metasurfaces endows metasurfaces with new vitality.

Toward Robust Cognitive 3D Brain-Inspired Cross-Paradigm System.

Spiking Neuromorphic systems have been introduced as promising platforms for energy-efficient spiking neural network (SNNs) execution. SNNs incorporate neuronal and synaptic states in addition to the variant time scale into their computational model. Since each neuron in these networks is connected to many others, high bandwidth is required.

Bioinspired Dual-Mode Temporal Communication via Digitally Programmable Phase-Change Materials.

Switchable optical properties are essential for numerous technologies including communication, anticounterfeiting, camouflage, and imaging/sensing. Typically, the switching is enabled by applying external stimulation such as UV light for fluorescence detection. In contrast, ground squirrels utilize spontaneous live infrared emission for fencing off predators as a unique way of communication.

Single-Domain Multiferroic Array-Addressable Terfenol-D (SMArT) Micromagnets for Programmable Single-Cell Capture and Release.

Programming magnetic fields with microscale control can enable automation at the scale of single cells ≈10 µm. Most magnetic materials provide a consistent magnetic field over time but the direction or field strength at the microscale is not easily modulated. However, magnetostrictive materials, when coupled with ferroelectric material (i.

Simultaneous Acquisition of Ultrasound and Gamma Signals with a Single-Channel Readout.

We propose an integrated front-end data acquisition circuit for a hybrid ultrasound (US)-gamma probe. The proposed circuit consists of three main parts: (1) a preamplifier for the gamma probe, (2) a preprocessing analog circuit for the US, and (3) a digitally controlled analog switch. By exploiting the long idle time of the US system, an analog switch can be used to acquire data of both systems using a single output channel simultaneously.

A Design of Adaptive Control and Communication Protocol for SWIPT System in 180 nm CMOS Process for Sensor Applications.

This paper presents an adaptive control and communication protocol (ACCP) for the ultra-low power simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system for sensor applications. The SWIPT system-related operations depend on harvested radio frequency (RF) energy from the ambient environment. The necessary power for SWIPT system operation is not always available and it depends on the available RF energy in the ambient environment, transmitted RF power from the SWIPT transmitter, and the distance from the transmitter and channel conditions.

Broadband Nonlinear Photonics in Few-Layer Borophene.

In this paper, 2D borophene is synthesized through a liquid-phase exfoliation. The morphology and structure of as-prepared borophene are systemically analyzed, and the Z-scan is used to measure the nonlinear optical properties. It is found that the saturable absorber (SA) properties of borophene make it serve as an excellent broadband optical switch, which is strongly used for mode-locking in near- and mid-infrared laser systems.

Restoration of electrical microenvironment enhances bone regeneration under diabetic conditions by modulating macrophage polarization.

Macrophage-mediated inflammation compromises bone repair in diabetic patients. Electrical signaling cues are known to regulate macrophage functions. However, the biological effects of electrical microenvironment from charged biomaterials on the immune response for regulating osteogenesis under diabetic conditions remain to be elucidated.