Asian Best Practices for Care of Diabetes in Elderly (ABCDE).

The elderly population with diabetes is diverse with the majority experiencing a decline in physical and mental capabilities, impacting the entire diabetes management process. Therefore, a need for geriatric-specific guidelines, especially for the Asian population, was identified and subsequently developed by an expert panel across government and private institutions from several Asian countries. The panel considered clinical evidence (landmark trials, position papers, expert opinions), recommendations from several important societies along with their decades of clinical experience and expertise, while meticulously devising thorough geriatric-specific tailored management strategies.

International collaboration for the development of clinical guidelines in low and middle-income countries: case study on the development of a national framework and clinical guidelines for diabetic retinopathy in Ghana.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness in many countries across the world. Ghana has seen a rise in diabetic retinopathy and is working on various strategies to prevent blindness. Clinical guidelines are seen as a promising strategy for improving quality and reducing cost of care.

Cost-Effectiveness of Peer-Educator-Delivered Lifestyle Modification for Type 2 Diabetes Prevention in a Young Healthy Population in Sri Lanka: A Trial-Based Economic Evaluation and Economic Model.

Background: This study evaluated the cost effectiveness of an intensive lifestyle modification (LSM) intervention delivered by peer educators for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a young at-risk population in a low healthcare resource setting.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term and long-term cost effectiveness of an intensive lifestyle modification intervention for type 2 diabetes prevention in a young urban at-risk population in Sri Lanka.

Methods: This was an economic evaluation using cost and outcome data from a randomized controlled trial.

Carbimazole-Induced Jaundice in Thyrotoxicosis: A Case Report.

Carbimazole is a commonly used antithyroid drug in thyrotoxicosis. It is generally well tolerated, and its side effects include allergic skin reactions, gastrointestinal upset, agranulocytosis, and hepatotoxicity. Hepatitis is a rare but serious side effect.

Costs and outcomes of "intermediate" vs "minimal" care for youth-onset type 1 diabetes in six countries.

Objective: Data are needed to demonstrate that providing an "intermediate" level of type 1 diabetes (T1D) care is cost-effective compared to "minimal" care in less-resourced countries. We studied these care scenarios in six countries.

Methods: We modeled the complications/costs/mortality/healthy life years (HLYs) associated with "intermediate" care including two blood glucose tests/day (mean HbA1c 9.

Counting the Cost of Diabetes in the Solomon Islands and Nauru.

Aim: To determine the costs associated with diabetes to governments, people with diabetes and their carers, and its impact on quality of life in two Pacific Island countries--the Solomon Islands and Nauru.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional cost of illness study was conducted on 330 people with type 2 diabetes (197 from the Solomon Islands and 133 from Nauru) using a structured cost of illness survey questionnaire adapted from the Australian DiabCo$t study. Quality of life was measured by the EQ-5D Visual Analogue Scale.

Challenges in Type 1 diabetes management in South East Asia: Descriptive situational assessment.

Treatment of type 1 diabetes is a challenging issue in South East Asia. Unlike in the developed countries, patients have to procure insulin, glucometer strips and other treatment facilities from their own pockets. Coupled with poor resources are the difficulties with diagnosis, insulin initiation, insulin storage, marital and emotional challenges.

Burden and spectrum of disease in people with diabetes in Tonga.

Setting: National Diabetes Centre, Tonga.

Objective: To describe the diabetes patient profile and disease spectrum, assess the impact of diabetic care and evaluate diabetes-attributable adverse outcomes.

Design: Retrospective descriptive study of patients registered in the National Diabetes Registry from its inception in May 2004 to 2012, and review of the National Deaths Registry (2011-2012).

High prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors in a young urban Sri-Lankan population.

Background: South-Asian's are predisposed to early onset type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk-factors in young Sri-Lankans is unknown.

Methodology/principal Findings: To determine by questionnaire and anthropometry the prevalence of first degree family history (FH) of T2DM, physical inactivity, raised waist circumference (WC) and raised body mass index (BMI) in a representative healthy urban population selected by cluster sampling.

DIABRISK-SL prevention of cardio-metabolic disease with life style modification in young urban Sri Lankan's--study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Urban South-Asian's are predisposed to early onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is an urgent need for country specific primary prevention strategies to address the growing burden of cardio-metabolic disease in this population. The aim of this clinical trial is to evaluate whether intensive (3-monthly) lifestyle modification advice is superior to a less-intensive (12 monthly; control group) lifestyle modification advice on a primary composite cardio-metabolic end point in 'at risk' urban subjects aged between 5-40 years.

The Kathmandu Declaration: "Life Circle" approach to prevention and care of diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: To formulate strategies and action plans for the prevention and care of diabetes mellitus as part of the implementation of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) United Nations Resolution (UNR) 61/225 through a unique concept of a "Life Circle" approach.

Method: Consensus following review of evidence available and presented at a meeting convened to achieve the objective co-chaired by the IDF President and President elect and diabetologists from several countries in the IDF regions.

Conclusions: The Kathmandu Declaration presents the concept of a "Life Circle" approach to prevention and care of diabetes--a continuum beginning from preconception, pregnancy, infancy and childhood to adult life in an integrated manner.

TNFalpha and leptin inhibit basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and gene transcription in the HIT-T15 pancreatic cells.

Background: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), a cytokine produced at inflammatory sites and in adipose tissue, is known primarily for its detrimental effects on insulin action. There is evidence to suggest that TNFalpha may also influence beta-cell function. Leptin is another adipose tissue-derived hormone that might also act on beta-cells.

Expression of the long and short leptin receptor isoforms in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: implications for leptin's actions.

Leptin, the adipocyte-derived hormone, is secreted into the blood and regulates body weight via its receptors in the hypothalamus. Leptin receptors are also present in many peripheral tissues implicating leptin in the regulation of other body functions, including reproduction, liver and enteric metabolism, hematopoiesis, and immunity. Four splice variants of the leptin receptor have been identified in humans: the long isoform that has full intracellular signaling capacity and 3 shorter isoforms that differ in the length of their cytoplasmic tail.

Mode of presentation and progress of childhood diabetes mellitus in the Sultanate of Oman.

We surveyed the clinical presentation, initial management and subsequent course of a prospectively registered cohort of 60 children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) diagnosed before age 15 years in the Sultanate of Oman between January 1990 and December 1993. Clinical details from the time of diagnosis were available on all the children. At diagnosis 9 (15 per cent) presented with severe ketoacidosis (DKA) with pH less than 7.

Epidemiology of childhood insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the Sultanate of Oman.

This study assessed the updated incidence of IDDM in 0 to 14-year-old children in the Sultanate of Oman, which is located in the southern-eastern part of the Arabian peninsula. Incident cases were recorded prospectively from January 1993 to the end of December 1994. Incidence rates were standardized on the basis of the National Population Census.

High prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in the Sultanate of Oman: results of the 1991 national survey.

A national survey of glucose intolerance and cardiovascular disease risk factors in Oman has demonstrated a high prevalence of diabetes (10%) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT, 13% in females and 8% in males). Prevalence of diabetes rose with age to a maximum of over 30% in both sexes. Prevalence of total glucose intolerance (diabetes and IGT combined) exceeded 50% in the seventh (females) and eighth (males) decade of life.