Association of Preoperative Physical Fitness With Post-Esophagectomy Pneumonia in Older With Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer: An Exploratory Prospective Study.

Backgrounds: Currently, there is a lack of evidence of prehabilitation during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) to prevent pneumonia of older patients. This study aimed to investigate the association of preoperative physical fitness after NAC with post-esophagectomy pneumonia in older patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer (LAEC).

Methods: This single-center exploratory prospective cohort study included 80 patients aged ≥ 65 years with LAEC scheduled for curative esophagectomy after NAC between 2021 and 2023.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of ethyl 5-(1-benzyl-1H-indol-5-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxylates as antimycobacterial agents.

The continued prevalence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, particularly against first-line antitubercular (anti-TB) drugs, presents an impending public health threat that necessitates the exploration and development of New Chemical Entities (NCEs). In search of new anti-TB leads, a library of ethyl 5-(1-benzyl-1H-indol-5-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxylates were generated through a strategy of scaffold hopping from the proven isoxazole-3-carboxylate-based anti-TB pharmacophore. We evaluated their antibacterial potential against a panel of pathogenic bacteria and MtbH37Rv strains.

Ginsenoside Ro improves Salmonella Typhimurium-induced colitis through inhibition of the virulence factors SopB and SopE2 via the RAC1/CDC42/ARP2/3 pathway.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) poses a serious threat to human and animal health, and there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic agents. In our in vivo study, ginsenoside Ro (Ro) reduced the mortality rate of S.

Primary Cilia Regulate the Homeostasis and Regeneration of the Stem Cell Niche in the Tooth.

Primary cilia, functioning as crucial hubs for signal sensing and transduction, are integral to the development and maintenance of homeostasis across various organs. However, their roles in tooth homeostasis and repair remain inadequately understood. In this study, we reveal an indispensable role for primary cilia in regulating the homeostasis and regeneration of teeth, primarily through the regulation of cell proliferation.

A simplified scoring system for predicting treatment response in limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (EAST score).

Aims: This study aimed at developing a scoring system (EAST score) to predict recurrence after chemoradiotherapy in limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC).

Patients & Methods: Treatment-naïve LS-SCLC patients receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) ( = 234) or sequential chemoradiotherapy ( = 53) were retrospectively reviewed. Using data from CCRT population, clinical and radiological variables associated with disease progression were identified.

CCN3: lactational bone booster.

Mammalian reproduction requires that nursing mothers transfer large amounts of calcium to their offspring through milk. Meeting this demand requires the activation of a brain-breast-bone circuit during lactation that coordinates changes in systemic hormones, dietary calcium intake, skeletal turnover, and calcium transport into milk. Classically, increased bone resorption via increased parathyroid hormone-related protein and low estrogen levels is the main source of calcium for milk production during lactation.

A single-plasmid-based, easily curable CRISPR/Cas9 system for rapid, iterative genome editing in Pseudomonas putida KT2440.

Background: Pseudomonas putida KT2440, a non-pathogenic soil bacterium, is a key platform strain in synthetic biology and industrial applications due to its robustness and metabolic versatility. Various systems have been developed for genome editing in P. putida, including transposon modules, integrative plasmids, recombineering systems, and CRISPR/Cas systems.

Genetic structure and demographic analysis of a true single-population species, Camellia azalea.

Single-population species (SPS) consist of only one natural population and often are at high risk of extinction. Although almost all species must go through this special stage in their evolutionary process, there is little understanding of how SPS survives. Camellia azalea C.

The prevalence of small airways disease and association with handgrip strength in young Hispanic farmworkers.

Background: Small airways disease (SAD) is a key risk in developing obstructive lung diseases (OLD). Handgrip strength (HGS) is found to be associated with pulmonary function in populations with lung conditions. Hispanics remain the main workforce in farming industry, but their prevalence of lung conditions remain understudied.

Shedding light on DNA methylation and its clinical implications: the impact of long-read-based nanopore technology.

DNA methylation is an essential epigenetic mechanism for regulation of gene expression, through which many physiological (X-chromosome inactivation, genetic imprinting, chromatin structure and miRNA regulation, genome defense, silencing of transposable elements) and pathological processes (cancer and repetitive sequences-associated diseases) are regulated. Nanopore sequencing has emerged as a novel technique that can analyze long strands of DNA (long-read sequencing) without chemically treating the DNA. Interestingly, nanopore sequencing can also extract epigenetic status of the nucleotides (including both 5-Methylcytosine and 5-hydroxyMethylcytosine), and a large variety of bioinformatic tools have been developed for improving its detection properties.

Caregivers' experiences, challenges, and needs in caring for people with dementia in India: a scoping review.

Background: As the world's most populous country, India faces a growing challenge in addressing dementia, in which advancing age remains the strongest risk factor. Approximately 8.8 million Indians over the age of 60 are currently affected by this condition.

Retention strategies for medical doctors in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): are they effective? A scoping review.

Background: High turnover among the medical professions is detrimental to the healthcare system and population well-being, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with limited financial and human resources. To prevent brain drain, effective strategies are vital to improve the retention of healthcare workers, especially doctors. However, little evidence has been synthesised regarding the effectiveness of these strategies, especially in LMICs.

Quantitative site-specific N-glycosylation analysis reveals IgG glyco-signatures for pancreatic cancer diagnosis.

Background: Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis due to a low early detection rate and a lack of biomarkers. Most of pancreatic cancer is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Alterations in the N-glycosylation of plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) have been shown to be closely associated with the onset and development of several cancers and could be used as biomarkers for diagnosis.

Retraction notice to "Modified poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanomembranes for dye removal from water - A review" [Chemosphere 322 (2023) 138152].

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal).

Yes, We Can! Ensuring That our Graduating Resident's Procedural Skills Meet the Needs of Their Patients.

Objectives: There is a burgeoning discrepancy between the procedural competency of graduating diagnostic radiology residents and the needs of our patient population. The causes of this mismatch and opportunities for improvement are explored by the APDR Procedural Competency of Graduating DR Residents Task Force.

Materials And Methods: The APDR convened a task force consisting of diverse broad stakeholder viewpoints, drawing from organized radiology, academic and private practices.

Younger age as an independent factor for second primary head and neck cancer in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients after curative esophagectomy: A two-center retrospective study.

Background: Postoperative survival of esophageal cancer patients has improved with advances in technology and treatment modalities. However, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) often affects the esophagus together with the head and neck regions, with second primary head and neck cancer (SPHNC) adversely influencing the patients' quality of life. Therefore, patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) should be carefully followed up postoperatively.

Onset of pancreatic cancer before and after acute pancreatitis: A multicenter longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality, often diagnosed at advanced stages. Acute pancreatitis (AP), particularly idiopathic cases, may serve as an early indicator of PC.

Objective: This multicenter cohort study investigated the incidence of PC before and after an AP episode, focusing on idiopathic AP and the role of pseudocysts as potential early markers for PC development.

LGBTQ+ youth policy and mental health: Indirect effects through school experiences.

The link between state policies and LGBTQ+ youth mental health is well-established, yet less well-understood are the mechanisms that drive these associations. We used a sample from the LGBTQ+ National Teen Survey (n = 8368) collected in 2022 to examine whether and to what degree LGBTQ+ inclusive school strategies, student perceptions of school safety, and experiences with bias-based bullying and peer victimization explain the association between state LGBTQ+ youth-focused policies and LGBTQ+ youth mental health symptomology. We observed significant indirect effects between policy and LGBTQ+ youth mental health through all four constructs, suggesting that each of these more proximal school experiences was independently implicated in this association.

How Latine youth's positive development unfold through farmwork in rural migrant farmworker families in the U.S. Midwest.

Some Latine youth from rural migrant farmworker communities engage in farmwork to help support themselves and their families. Although research has documented their motives for working and some characteristics of their employment, knowledge about how these youth construct their work in the fields and how such experiences relate to their positive development is needed to depict their holistic experiences. Using mixed methods, we explored youth's farmwork experiences and examined how these experiences relate to youth's prosocial behaviors, civic responsibility, and ego-resiliency.

[B cells in chronic hepatitis: advances and mechanistic].

The article reviews the role and functional diversity of B cells in chronic hepatitis B (CHB). B cells play a crucial role in humoral immunity, participating in the clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) through antibody production, antigen presentation, and immune regulation. In HBV infection, B cells exhibit antigenic heterogeneity, with immune responses to different HBV antigens varying.

[The distributions of serum HBsAg level in chronic hepatitis B patients based on the China Registry of Hepatitis B (CR-HepB)].

To determine the distributions of serum HBsAg level in treatment-naive or treatment-experienced chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Based on the China Registry of Hepatitis B (CR-HepB), a nationwide hospital-based electronic platform, treatment-naive or treatment-experienced CHB patients who receive nucleos(t)ide analog (NA) therapy were enrolled in our study. We collected patients' clinical characteristics, including demographic, virological and biochemical data.

Metabolic syndrome prevalence in Mexican individuals exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their association with an increased risk of cardiovascular events.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are an organic chemical family produced during incomplete combustion of organic materials. Besides, PAHs are associated with different detrimental health effects. Therefore, this research was aimed to assess the association between PAHs exposure, metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence, and cardiovascular risk in a Mexican population.