A longitudinal multimodal MRI study of the visual network in postoperative delirium.

Although structural and functional damage to the brain is considered to be an important neurobiological mechanism of postoperative delirium (POD), alterations in the visual cortical network related to this vulnerability have not yet been determined. In this study, we investigated the impact of alterations in the visual network (VN), as measured by structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), on the development of POD. Thirty-six adult patients with frontal glioma who underwent elective craniotomy were recruited.

Cavernous Malformation From Cranial Nerves: A Systematic Review With a Novel Classification and Patient-Level Analysis.

Background And Objectives: Cavernous malformations (CMs) occurring in the cranial nerve (CN) are extremely rare, and there is currently no comprehensive review on CN CMs, leading to a lack of sufficient understanding of CN CMs. We aimed to systematically review all published CN CM cases; summarize the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis of CN CMs; and identify factors influencing the prognosis of CN CMs.

Methods: This systematic review identified all cases potentially diagnosed with CN CM through a systematic search of PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases.

Soft bioelectronics for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in neurological diseases.

Physical and chemical signals in the central nervous system yield crucial information that is clinically relevant under both physiological and pathological conditions. The emerging field of bioelectronics focuses on the monitoring and manipulation of neurophysiological signals with high spatiotemporal resolution and minimal invasiveness. Significant advances have been realized through innovations in materials and structural design, which have markedly enhanced mechanical and electrical properties, biocompatibility, and overall device performance.

Wireless facial biosensing system for monitoring facial palsy with flexible microneedle electrode arrays.

Facial palsy (FP) profoundly influences interpersonal communication and emotional expression, necessitating precise diagnostic and monitoring tools for optimal care. However, current electromyography (EMG) systems are limited by their bulky nature, complex setups, and dependence on skilled technicians. Here we report an innovative biosensing approach that utilizes a PEDOT:PSS-modified flexible microneedle electrode array (P-FMNEA) to overcome the limitations of existing EMG devices.

An Integrative Nomogram for Identifying Cognitive Impairment Using Seizure Type and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Neuroimaging Markers in Patients with Late-Onset Epilepsy of Unknown Origin.

Introduction: Cognitive impairment (CI) is a common comorbidity in patients with late-onset epilepsy of unknown origin (LOEU). However, limited data are available on effective screening methods for CI at an early stage. We aimed to develop and internally validate a nomogram for identifying patients with LOEU at risk of CI and investigate the potential moderating effect of education on the relationship between periventricular white matter hyperintensities (PVHs) and cognitive function.

Untargeted Metabolomic Analyses of Body Fluids to Differentiate TBI DOC and NTBI DOC.

Objective: To investigate the metabolomic differences between Traumatic brain injury (TBI) disorder of consciousness (DOC) patients and non-traumatic brain injury (NTBI) DOC patients by using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum and urine samples beneficial to understand the pathological mechanism differences between the two etiologies, provide potential clues for the subsequent treatment and prognosis, and investigate the metabolome differences and similarities between TBI and NTBI among three different body fluids.

Methods: In total, 24 TBI DOC subjects and 29 NTBI DOC subjects were enrolled. CSF, serum and urine samples from TBI DOC and NTBI DOC patients were collected and analyzed by performing UPLC-MS.

A Vessel Wall MRI Investigation in Patients With Moyamoya or Quasi-Moyamoya Disease: Diagnosis, Features, and Outcomes.

Background And Purpose: None of the previous studies have investigated the pathologic authenticity of affected arteries in moyamoya disease (MMD) and Quasi-MMD diagnosed by angiography. This study aimed to confirm the angiographic diagnosis of moyamoya as well as investigate the pathologic mechanisms in angiographically proven MMD and Quasi-MMD using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a large sample.

Methods: We prospectively studied 116 patients who had angiographically proven MMD and Quasi-MMD.

Soft and stretchable organic bioelectronics for continuous intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring during microsurgery.

In microneurosurgery, it is crucial to maintain the structural and functional integrity of the nerve through continuous intraoperative identification of neural anatomy. To this end, here we report the development of a translatable system leveraging soft and stretchable organic-electronic materials for continuous intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring. The system uses conducting polymer electrodes with low impedance and low modulus to record near-field action potentials continuously during microsurgeries, offers higher signal-to-noise ratios and reduced invasiveness when compared with handheld clinical probes for intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring and can be multiplexed, allowing for the precise localization of the target nerve in the absence of anatomical landmarks.

Cerebrospinal fluid metabolite alterations in patients with different etiologies, diagnoses, and prognoses of disorders of consciousness.

Introduction: Medical management of disorders of consciousness (DoC) is a growing issue imposing a major burden on families and societies. Recovery rates vary widely among patients with DoC, and recovery predictions strongly influence decisions on medical care. However, the specific mechanisms underlying different etiologies, consciousness levels, and prognoses are still unclear.

National Brain Tumour Registry of China (NBTRC) statistical report of primary brain tumours diagnosed in China in years 2019-2020.

Background: The lack of a well-designed brain tumour registry with standardized pathological diagnoses in underdeveloped countries hinders the ability to compare epidemiologic data across the globe. The National Brain Tumour Registry of China (NBTRC), created in January 2018, is the first multi-hospital-based brain tumour registry in China. Patient data reported to the NBTRC in years 2019-2020 were assessed.

Anti-tumor efficacy of anti-GD2 CAR NK-92 cells in diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas.

Background: Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) are rare and fatal pediatric brainstem gliomas with no cure. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered natural killer (NK) cells have been proven effective in treating glioblastoma (GBM) in preclinical studies. However, there are no relevant studies on the CAR-NK treatment for DIPG.

Role of neuronavigation in the surgical management of brainstem gliomas.

Objective: NeuroNavigation (NN) is a widely used intraoperative imaging guidance technique in neurosurgical operations; however, its value in brainstem glioma (BSG) surgery is inadequately reported and lacks objective proof. This study aims to investigate the applicational value of NN in BSG surgery.

Method: A retrospective analysis was performed on 155 patients with brainstem gliomas who received craniotomy from May 2019 to January 2022 at Beijing Tiantan Hospital.

A novel CDK4/6 inhibitor combined with irradiation demonstrates potent anti-tumor efficacy in diffuse midline glioma.

Objective: Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered (DMG) is a lethal pediatric brainstem tumor. Despite numerous efforts to improve survival benefits, its prognosis remains poor. This study aimed to design and synthesize a novel CDK4/6 inhibitor YF-PRJ8-1011, which exhibited more potent antitumor activity against a panel of patient-derived DMG tumor cells in vitro and in vivo compared with palbociclib.

Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli with Intracerebroventricular Injection of Polymyxin B: A Retrospective Study.

Purpose: We evaluated the efficacy and administration time of intraventricular (IVT) polymyxin B in the treatment of carbapenem-resistant and multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant (MDR/XDR) Gram-negative bacilli in central nervous system (CNS) infections and investigated prognostic factors.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective analysis comprised 41 post-surgical carbapenem-resistant CNS infections from October 2016 to October 2021. All patients were treated with effective intravenous antibiotics and IVT polymyxin B.

Differences of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment as an underlying key factor in glioma patients.

Background: Macrophages, the major immune cells in glioma microenvironment, are closely related to tumor prognosis. Further studies are needed to investigate macrophages, which will be helpful to fully understand the role of it and early achieve clinical translation.

Methods: A total of 1334 glioma cases were enrolled in this study from 3 databases.

Fornix alterations induce the disruption of default mode network in patients with adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas.

Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACPs) are rare embryonic tumors and often involve the hypothalamus. The underlying neural substrate of the hypothalamic involvement (HI)-related cognitive decline in patients with ACP is still unclear. We aimed to combine the multi-modal neuroimaging and histological characteristics of the ACP to explore the potential neural substrate of the HI-related cognitive decline.

Gait performance and non-motor symptoms burden during dual-task condition in Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Impaired gait is observed in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) in both single-task (ST) and dual-task (DT) conditions. Non-motor symptoms (NMSs), another vital symptom future experienced along the PD disease trajectory, contribute to gait performance in PD. However, whether DT gait performance is indicative of NMS burden (NMSB) remains unknown.

Pure and non-pure meningioangiomatosis of 36 Chinese patients: an analysis of clinical presentation, diagnosis, histopathology and prognosis.

Meningioangiomatosis (MA) is a disease that is extremely rarely reported. Sporadic MA is occasionally combined with meningioma or other lesions (identified as non-pure MA). This retrospective study investigated the difference between pure MA and non-pure MA by exploring clinical manifestations, histopathology characteristics, and outcomes of MA after surgery.

Differential associations of lipoprotein(a) level with cerebral large artery and small vessel diseases.

Background And Purpose: Cerebral large artery and small vessel diseases are related to different pathogenetic mechanisms and have different risk factor profile. Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) was shown to promote atherosclerosis but data was limited on its association with cerebral small vessel diseases (cSVD). The objective of this study was to assess the associations of Lp(a) level with the two types of cerebrovascular diseases.

Distribution and prognosis of acute ischaemic stroke with negative diffusion-weighted imaging.

Background And Purpose: To examine the distribution and prognosis among patients with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-negative acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) and explore the differences between mild (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≤5) and major (NIHSS score >5) ischaemic stroke in DWI-negative patients.

Methods: Patients with AIS with baseline DWI from the Third China National Stroke Registry (CNSR-III), based on a prospective, observational, multicentre cohort study, between August 2015 and March 2018, were included. Patients were classified into negative and positive DWI groups depending on the existence of acute lesions on DWI.

Cerebral microbleeds is associated with dementia in Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Emerging evidence suggests that cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) may worsen cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the effect of microbleeds on cognitive function in patients with PD remains unknown. This study explored the association between the presence, number and location of microbleeds with dementia in PD patients.