High cellular plasticity state of medulloblastoma local recurrence and distant dissemination.

Medulloblastoma (MB), a heterogeneous pediatric brain tumor, poses challenges in the treatment of tumor recurrence and dissemination. To characterize cellular diversity and genetic features, we comprehensively analyzed single-cell/nucleus RNA sequencing (sc/snRNA-seq), single-nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (snATAC-seq), and spatial transcriptomics profiles and identified distinct cellular populations in SHH (sonic hedgehog) and Group_3 subgroups, with varying proportions in local recurrence or dissemination. Local recurrence showed higher cycling tumor cell enrichment, whereas disseminated lesions had a relatively notable presence of differentiated subsets.

Early Versus Delayed Antihypertensive Treatment After Acute Ischemic Stroke by Hypertension History.

Background: We performed a prespecified subgroup analysis of the CATIS-2 trial (China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke II) to compare the effect of early versus delayed antihypertensive treatment on death and disability in patients with and without medical history of hypertension.

Methods: CATIS-2 is a multicenter randomized clinical trial conducted in 106 hospitals in China. The trial randomized 4810 patients with acute ischemic stroke within 24 to 48 hours of symptom onset and elevated systolic blood pressure between 140 and <220 mm Hg to receive antihypertensive treatment immediately after randomization or to discontinue antihypertensive medications for 7 days and then receive treatment on day 8.

Application of machine learning algorithms in predicting new onset hypertension: a study based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey.

Background: Hypertension is a serious chronic disease that can significantly lead to various cardiovascular diseases, affecting vital organs such as the heart, brain, and kidneys. Our goal is to predict the risk of new onset hypertension using machine learning algorithms and identify the characteristics of patients with new onset hypertension.

Methods: We analyzed data from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey cohort of individuals who were not hypertensive at baseline and had follow-up results available for prediction by 2015.

Early Microcirculatory Dysfunction on Perfusion CT Is Related to Prognosis After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Microcirculatory dysfunction is an important pathophysiology mechanism of early brain injury after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), which contributes to poor outcomes. The study was performed in Beijing Tiantan Hospital from October 2020 to July 2023. Patients with aSAH who underwent computed tomographic perfusion (CTP) within 24 h after ictus were enrolled prospectively.

Predictive, preventive and personalized project of vascular cognitive impairment in China (P3): Study design and interim baseline patient characteristics of a Nationwide multicenter prospective registry.

Objectives: To outline the design of the P3 study and serve as a summary of the interim baseline patient characteristics.

Methods: P3 study is a multicenter, prospective cohort study targeting 1000 acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) patients with a 2-year follow-up from 80 participating hospitals across China. Comprehensive multimodal imaging, neuropsychological tests, and biological samples were collected prospectively on admission and follow-up visits.

Impact of Microcirculatory Dysfunction on Persistent Global Cerebral Edema After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Age-Stratified Analysis.

Background: Microcirculatory dysfunction is one of the most important pathophysiology mechanisms of global cerebral edema (GCE) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Data regarding the impact of microcirculatory dysfunction on persistent GCE following aSAH are currently lacking. The aim of our study was to investigate whether microcirculatory dysfunction is correlated with persistent GCE in patients with aSAH across different age groups.

Association Between Folate Metabolism Risk, Collateral Circulation, and Hemorrhagic Risk in Moyamoya Disease.

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) polymorphisms are known risk factors for vascular diseases due to the impact on folate metabolism dysfunction and homocysteine (Hcy) accumulation. This study aimed to investigate the association between folate metabolism risk and hemorrhagic risk in moyamoya disease (MMD). In this prospective study, we enrolled 350 MMD patients with complete genotype data for MTHFR and MTRR.

Dual antiplatelet therapy with ticagrelor vs clopidogrel in patients with TIA or minor stroke with or without symptomatic carotid artery stenosis: a post hoc analysis of the CHANCE-2 trial.

Background And Purpose: Symptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis (sCAS) is an essential cause of transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke. We aimed to evaluate whether the superiority of aspirin-ticagrelor over aspirin-clopidogrel varies between patients with sCAS or not.

Methods: This was a post-hoc analysis of the High-Risk Patients with Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events-II (CHANCE-2) trial, all of which were loss-of-function alleles carriers.

Advances in research on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

The global increase in obesity-related metabolic disorders has led to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) emerging as one of the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide. Despite growing concerns, the exact pathogenesis of MASLD remains unclear and no definitive treatments have been made available. Consequently, the need for comprehensive research on MASLD is more critical than ever.

Gain-of-function ANXA11 mutation cause late-onset ALS with aberrant protein aggregation, neuroinflammation and autophagy impairment.

Mutations in the ANXA11 gene, encoding an RNA-binding protein, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but the underlying in vivo mechanisms remain unclear. This study examines the clinical features of ALS patients harboring the ANXA11 hotspot mutation p.P36R, characterized by late-onset motor neuron disease and occasional multi-system involvement.

Oxygenation targets for endovascular therapy in acute ischemic stroke patients (Oxy-TARGET): protocol for a single-centre, open-label randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Preclinical studies have shown that oxygen therapy can improve ischaemic brain tissue oxygen tension, reduce reperfusion injury after revascularisation, promote neuroregeneration and inhibit inflammatory responses potentially exerting a beneficial effect after endovascular treatment (EVT) in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). However, the optimal fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO) during EVT under general anaesthesia is currently unknown. Therefore, we are conducting a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the impact of high-concentration oxygen vs low-concentration normobaric oxygen on early neurological function after EVT.

Associations between stress hyperglycemia and outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke and TIA: the data comes from the Third China National Stroke Registry (CNSR-III).

In the acute stage of stroke, stress hyperglycemia is common in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients. The associations between stress hyperglycemia and functional outcomes, as well as stroke recurrence were heterogeneous in previous studies. We aimed to demonstrate these associations in a general population of patients with ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA).

Deciphering network dysregulations and temporo-spatial dynamics in disorders of consciousness: insights from minimum spanning tree analysis.

Objectives: The neural mechanism associated with impaired consciousness is not fully clear. We aim to explore the association between static and dynamic minimum spanning tree (MST) characteristics and neural mechanism underlying impaired consciousness.

Methods: MSTs were constructed based on full-length functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals and fMRI signal segments within each time window.

Longitudinal changes in remnant cholesterol and the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Background And Aim: The analyses of longitudinal changes in remnant cholesterol (RC) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains are limited. The objective of the study was to investigate the associations of longitudinal changes in RC with the risks of CVD and its subtypes (myocardial infarction [MI] and stroke).

Methods And Results: The participants were enrolled in the Kailuan study.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Covert Brain Infarction: a Community-based Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Covert brain infarction (CBI) is common and poses a potential and non-negligible burden of disease worldwide. The prevalence and risk factors for CBI have been reported inconsistently in previous studies.

Aims: This study aims to ascertain the prevalence and risk factors of CBI and its imaging phenotypes in community-dwelling adults.

Age-Specific Effect and Pathways of Risk Factors on the Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A 13-Year Prospective Cohort Study.

Aim: To assess risk profiles and pathways for incident type 2 diabetes by age at onset.

Materials And Methods: Based on the Kailaun study, 92,020 participants without type 2 diabetes were enrolled and classified into four age-onset groups as < 55, 55 to < 65, 65 to < 75, and ≥ 75 years. Clinical risk factors and serum biomarkers were examined.

Multicentre prospective, randomised open-label, endpoint-blinded study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of propranolol for the prevention of stroke-associated pneumonia in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (PROCHASE): rationale and design.

Background: Stroke-induced transient immune suppression is believed to contribute to post-stroke infections. The β-adrenergic receptor antagonist, propranolol, has been shown to prevent stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) via reversing post-stroke immunosuppression in preclinical studies and in retrospective analysis in stroke patients. However, whether propranolol can reduce the risk of SAP has not been tested in prospective, randomised controlled trials.

Treatment of saccular wide-neck intracranial aneurysm using Leo baby stent: a single-center experience based on 156 cases.

To describe the mid-term safety and efficacy of Leo baby stent applied in saccular wide-neck intracranial aneurysms (IAs). 151 patients harboring 156 IAs treated with Leo baby stent from March 2021 to October 2023 were enrolled for further analysis. Among 156 IAs, 142 cases (91.

Cognitive dysfunction in Moyamoya disease: latest developments and future directions.

Cognitive dysfunction is common in Moyamoya disease (MMD). However, current knowledge of cognitive impairment in MMD is inadequate. In this review, we explored the characteristics of altered cognitive function associated with MMD and offered recommendations aimed at guiding potential research endeavors into the cognitive dysfunction in MMD.

Identification of a cognitive network with effective connectivity to post-stroke cognitive impairment.

Unlabelled: Altered connectivity within complex functional networks has been observed in individuals with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and during cognitive tasks. This study aimed to identify a cognitive function network that is responsive to cognitive changes during cognitive tasks and also sensitive to PSCI. To explore the network, we analyzed resting-state fMRI data from 20 PSCI patients and task-state fMRI data from 100 unrelated healthy young adults using functional connectivity analysis.

Crosstalk between CD180-overexpression macrophages and glioma cells worsens patient survival through malignant phenotype promotion and immunosuppressive regulation.

Background: Understanding the molecular mechanisms in immunosuppressive regulation is crucial for improving immunotherapeutic strategies. Macrophages, the major immune cells in tumor microenvironment (TME), play a dual role in tumor progression. CD180, primarily expressed in macrophages, remains unclear and requires further investigation.