The role of 15 mA and 77.5 Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation in blood pressure regulation: A post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at 77.5 Hz and 15 mA, targeting the forehead and mastoid areas, has proven efficacious in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) by simultaneously stimulating multiple brain nuclei and regions, many of which are critical for blood pressure regulation. This post hoc analysis aimed to assess the potential blood pressure-lowering effects of 77.

Efficacy of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for medicated adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but its use is limited by poor accessibility and time constraints-barriers that internet-based CBT (iCBT) may help overcome. This trial aimed to explore the short- and long-term efficacy of iCBT in medicated adults with ADHD.

Methods: Eighty-six adults with ADHD were randomized into two groups: the iCBT combined with medication group (iCBT+M, n = 43) and the medication-only group (n = 43).

Gaming disorder: Neural mechanisms and ongoing debates.

Background And Aims: The inclusion of gaming disorder as a new diagnosis in the 11th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) has caused ongoing debate. This review aimed to summarise the potential neural mechanisms of gaming disorder and provide additional evidence for this debate.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature review of gaming disorder, focusing on studies that investigated its clinical characteristics and neurobiological mechanisms.

Functional imaging derived ADHD biotypes based on deep clustering: a study on personalized medication therapy guidance.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with childhood onset, however, there is no clear correspondence established between clinical ADHD subtypes and primary medications. Identifying objective and reliable neuroimaging markers for categorizing ADHD biotypes may lead to more individualized, biotype-guided treatment.

Methods: Here we proposed a graph convolution network for biological subtype detection (GCN-BSD) using both functional network connectivity (FNC) and non-imaging phenotypic data for ADHD biotype.

The trajectory of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and its dynamic relationship with inhibitory control.

Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood, characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Impaired inhibitory control is observed in the majority of individuals with ADHD. Understanding the relationship between inhibitory control and the developmental trajectory of ADHD is essential for informing clinical prognosis and guiding early interventions.

Action Potential Firing Patterns Regulate Dopamine Release via Voltage-Sensitive Dopamine D2 Autoreceptors in Mouse Striatum In Vivo.

Dopamine (DA) in the striatum is vital for motor and cognitive behaviors. Midbrain dopaminergic neurons generate both tonic and phasic action potential (AP) firing patterns in behavior mice. Besides AP numbers, whether and how different AP firing patterns per se modulate DA release remain largely unknown.

The prevalence and profiles of adverse childhood experiences and their associations with adult mental health outcomes in China: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are common and associated with mental disorders. However, the prevalence and co-occurrence of ACEs and their association with mental health outcomes among Chinese adults have not been well demonstrated.

Methods: China Mental Health Survey, a cross-sectional nationally representative survey consisting of 28,140 adults, was conducted from July 2013 to March 2015.

Aberrant amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation and functional connectivity in children with different subtypes of ADHD: a resting-state fNIRS study.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with different subtypes of pathogenesis. Insufficient research on the subtypes of ADHD has limited the effectiveness of therapeutic methods.

Methods: This study used resting-state functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to record hemodynamic signals in 34 children with ADHD-combined subtype (ADHD-C), 52 children with ADHD-inattentive subtype (ADHD-I), and 24 healthy controls (HCs).

Characteristics of positive and negative effects on the quality of life of breast cancer patients.

Background: Postoperative and ongoing treatment of breast cancer is traumatic to women with breast cancer and may lead to positive and negative psychological diseases, which can affect the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. Positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) significantly impact the prognosis of postoperative breast cancer patients. However, the effects of specific emotions on patient prognosis and the relationships between them are still unclear.

Disorder-specific neurodynamic features in schizophrenia inferred by neurodynamic embedded contrastive variational autoencoder model.

Neurodynamic models that simulate how micro-level alterations propagate upward to impact macroscopic neural circuits and overall brain function may offer valuable insights into the pathological mechanisms of schizophrenia (SCZ). In this study, we integrated a neurodynamic model with the classical Contrastive Variational Autoencoder (CVAE) to extract and evaluate macro-scale SCZ-specific features, including subject-level, region-level parameters, and time-varying states. Firstly, we demonstrated the robust fitting of the model within our multi-site dataset.

Associations of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms with amyloid burden in cognitively normal older adults.

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with the development of dementia. However, the link between PTSD and preclinical Alzheimer's disease pathology (amyloid [Aβ]) remains controversial. Moreover, the correlation between the severity of PTSD with Aβ levels remains unknown.

The effectiveness of digital technology interventions for cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Digital technology interventions (DTIs) are seen as promising interventions to prevent or delay cognitive decline in older adults, yet evidence from reviews is not conclusive. The aim of this study is to explore the effectiveness of DTIs in improving older adults' cognitive function while taking study design and intervention characteristics as moderators. We searched the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases up to May 26, 2023.

Perception and Identification of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) in China Medical Community.

Background: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), as neuropsychiatric manifestations within dementia, constitute core features of dementia. However, there remains a gap in understanding the recognition of BPSD in China. Our current study was to explore the clinical awareness and treatment approaches for BPSD in China, focusing especially on the perspectives of neurologists and psychiatrists.

Intermittent fasting and neurodegenerative diseases: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential.

Neurodegenerative disorders are straining public health worldwide. During neurodegenerative disease progression, aberrant neuronal network activity, bioenergetic impairment, adaptive neural plasticity impairment, dysregulation of neuronal Ca homeostasis, oxidative stress, and immune inflammation manifest as characteristic pathological changes in the cellular milieu of the brain. There is no drug for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, and therefore, strategies/treatments for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative disorders are urgently needed.

Association Between Peptide Antigen-Related Antibody Levels and the Short- and Long-Term Efficacy of Antipsychotic Treatment in Drug-Naïve First-Episode Schizophrenia Patients.

Objective: This study investigated the relationships between baseline peptide antigen-related IgG levels and 8-week antipsychotic drug (APD) treatment response rates and one-year treatment outcomes, as well as the relationships between changes in peptide antigen-related IgG levels and one-year treatment outcomes, in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients.

Methods: Sixteen peptide antigen-related IgGs from proteins encoded by schizophrenia-related genes were selected on the basis of several selection criteria from a 2022 genome-wide association study. Novel peptide antigen-related IgG levels were measured in drug-naïve FES patients at baseline (n = 155) and in plasma samples from 60 healthy controls (HCs).

Gut microbiota regulate insomnia-like behaviors via gut-brain metabolic axis.

Sleep interacts reciprocally with the gut microbiota. However, mechanisms of the gut microbe-brain metabolic axis that are responsible for sleep behavior have remained largely unknown. Here, we showed that the absence of the gut microbiota can alter sleep behavior.

A multi-view learning approach with diffusion model to synthesize FDG PET from MRI T1WI for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: This study presents a novel multi-view learning approach for machine learning (ML)-based Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis.

Methods: A diffusion model is proposed to synthesize the fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) view from the magnetic resonance imaging T1 weighted imaging (MRI T1WI) view and incorporate two synthesis strategies: one-way synthesis and two-way synthesis. To assess the utility of the synthesized views, we use multilayer perceptron (MLP)-based classifiers with various combinations of the views.

Brain-clinical pattern alterations after treatment in schizophrenia.

Discovering meaningful brain-clinical patterns would be a significant advancement for elucidating the pathophysiology underlying schizophrenia. In the present study, we analyzed associations between functional brain characters (average functional connectivity strength and its fluctuations) and clinical features (age onset, illness duration, and positive, negative, disorganized, excited, and depressed) using partial least squares. Also, we analyzed the brain-clinical relationship changes after 6-wk of treatment.

COVID-19 Infection Experience and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Medical Staff: The Mediating Role of Professional Burnout.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the relationship between COVID-19 infection-related conditions and depressive symptoms among medical staff after easing the zero-COVID policy in China, and to further examine the mediating role of professional burnout.

Methods: A total of 1716 medical staff from all levels of health care institutions in 16 administrative districts of Beijing, China, were recruited to participate at the end of 2022 in this cross-sectional study. Several multiple linear regressions and mediating effects tests were performed to analyze the data.

Shared differential factors underlying individual spontaneous neural activity abnormalities in major depressive disorder.

Background: In contemporary neuroimaging studies, it has been observed that patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibit aberrant spontaneous neural activity, commonly quantified through the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF). However, the substantial individual heterogeneity among patients poses a challenge to reaching a unified conclusion.

Methods: To address this variability, our study adopts a novel framework to parse individualized ALFF abnormalities.

Prefrontal parvalbumin interneurons mediate CRHR1-dependent early-life stress-induced cognitive deficits in adolescent male mice.

Cognitive impairment, a core symptom of psychiatric disorders, is frequently observed in adolescents exposed to early-life stress (ES). However, the underlying neural mechanisms are unclear, and therapeutic efficacy is limited. Targeting parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PVIs) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), we report that ES reduces mPFC PVI activity, which causally mediated ES-induced cognitive deficits in adolescent male mice through chemogenetic and optogenetic experiments.

Projections of the Stroke Burden at the Global, Regional, and National Levels up to 2050 Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Stroke is a pressing public health issue worldwide. This study aimed to forecast the future temporal trends and distribution characteristics of the global stroke burden.

Methods And Results: Global data on stroke incidence, prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years between 1990 and 2021 were obtained from the GBD (Global Burden of Disease) Study 2021.