124 results match your criteria: "National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica[Affiliation]"

Plants are vulnerable to the challenges of unstable environments and pathogen infections due to their immobility. Among various stress conditions, viral infection is a major threat that causes significant crop loss. In response to viral infection, plants undergo complex molecular and physiological changes, which trigger defense and morphogenic pathways.

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Among plant-associated bacteria, agrobacteria occupy a special place. These bacteria are feared in the field as agricultural pathogens. They cause abnormal growth deformations and significant economic damage to a broad range of plant species.

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Type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) can deliver diverse toxic effectors into eukaryotic and bacterial cells. Although much is known about the regulation and assembly of T6SS, the translocation mechanism of effectors into the periplasm and/or cytoplasm of target cells remains elusive. Here, we use the Agrobacterium tumefaciens DNase effector Tde1 to unravel the mechanism of translocation from attacker to prey.

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Carnivorous plants in the genus obtain nutrients by secreting viscous glue drops and enzymes that trap and digest small organisms. Here, we used to test the long-held theory that different trichomes play different roles in carnivorous plants. In the leaves of , we observed a 1:2.

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Two unrelated plant species, green pea and parthenium weed, harboring typical phytoplasma symptoms, were discovered in Yunlin, Taiwan. Green pea () and parthenium weed ( L.) are both herbaceous annual plants belonging to the Fabaceae and Asteraceae families, respectively.

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orchids are one of the most important exporting commodities for Taiwan. Most orchids are planted and grown in greenhouses. Early detection of orchid diseases is crucially valuable to orchid farmers during orchid cultivation.

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Celiac disease (CD) is a human autoimmune disease triggered by toxic gluten peptides. Recently, oral enzyme therapy has been proposed to ameliorate the health condition of CD patients based on the concept of removing pepsin-insensitive gluten-derived pro-immunogenic peptides. A Burkholderia peptidase, Bga1903, with promising gluten-degrading activity was characterized previously.

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The origin of nitrogen fixation is an important issue in evolutionary biology. While nitrogen is required by all living organisms, only a small fraction of bacteria and archaea can fix nitrogen. The prevailing view is that nitrogen fixation first evolved in archaea and was later transferred to bacteria.

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Bacteria commonly form aggregates in a range of coral species [termed coral-associated microbial aggregates (CAMAs)], although these structures remain poorly characterized despite extensive efforts studying the coral microbiome. Here, we comprehensively characterize CAMAs associated with and quantify their cell abundance. Our analysis reveals that multiple phylotypes coexist inside a single CAMA.

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The efficacy and tolerability of antibiotics in scrub typhus: an updated network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Int J Infect Dis

September 2022

Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Rong Hsing Research Center For Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taiwan; Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Objectives: Inadequate treatment of scrub typhus results in severe complications such as septic shock and is also associated with a high median mortality rate of 6%. However, there has been no conclusive evidence about the superiority of different antibiotics in managing scrub typhus in terms of efficacy and tolerability.

Methods: We conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) using the frequentist method.

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High-throughput sequencing has enabled genome skimming approaches to produce complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) for species identification and phylogenomics purposes. In particular, the portable sequencing device from Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) has the potential to facilitate hands-on training from sampling to sequencing and interpretation of mitogenomes. In this study, we present the results from sampling and sequencing of six gastropod mitogenomes (Aplysia argus, Cellana orientalis, Cellana toreuma, Conus ebraeus, Conus miles and Tylothais aculeata) from a graduate level biodiversity course.

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Article Synopsis
  • Phytoplasmas are plant pathogens transmitted by insects, causing significant agricultural losses and prompting research on plant-microbe interactions and plant development.
  • The study sequenced the genome of 'Phytoplasma luffae' strain NCHU2019, linked to witches' broom disease in loofah, providing the first complete genome for group 16SrVIII phytoplasmas, which is characterized by a highly repetitive structure.
  • The research found that mobile genetic elements, particularly potential mobile units (PMUs), contribute to the genome's repetitiveness and size variability and may play a role in gene duplication and the evolution of new functions in phytoplasmas.
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causes anthracnose of chili pepper in many countries. Three strains of this pathogen, Coll-524, Coll-153, and Coll-365, show varied virulence on chili pepper. Among the three strains, Coll-365 showed significant defects in growth and virulence.

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Background: Many named species as defined in current bacterial taxonomy correspond to species complexes. Uncertainties regarding the organization of their genetic diversity challenge research efforts. We utilized the Agrobacterium tumefaciens species complex (a.

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Begomoviruses belonging to the family Geminiviridae are plant-infecting DNA viruses. Begomoviral movement protein (MP) has been reported to be required for virus movement, host range determination, and symptom development. In the present study, the FK506-binding protein (FKBP)-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (NbFKPPIase) of Nicotiana benthamiana was identified by a yeast two-hybrid screening system using the MP of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) oriental melon (OM) isolate (MP ) as bait.

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Phytoplasmas are uncultivated plant-pathogenic bacteria with agricultural importance. Those belonging to the 16SrII group, represented by ' P. aurantifolia', have a wide range of plant hosts and cause significant yield losses in valuable crops, such as pear, sweet potato, peanut, and soybean.

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The investigation of a phenomenon called the unfolded protein response (UPR) started approximately three decades ago, and we now know that the UPR is involved in a number of cellular events among metazoans, higher plants, and algae. The relevance of the UPR in human diseases featuring protein folding defects, such as Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseases, has drawn much attention to the response in medical research to date. While metazoans and plants share similar molecular mechanisms of the UPR, recent studies shed light on the uniqueness of the plant UPR, with plant-specific protein families appearing to play pivotal roles.

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Precursor messenger RNA (Pre-mRNA) splicing is a crucial step in gene expression whereby the spliceosome produces constitutively and alternatively spliced transcripts. These transcripts not only diversify the transcriptome, but also play essential roles in plant development and responses to environmental changes. Much evidence indicates that regulation at the pre-mRNA splicing step is important for flowering time control; however, the components and detailed mechanism underlying this process remain largely unknown.

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Viviani, commonly known as curl-leaved tobacco, is an annual herbaceous plant belonging to Solanaceae family. This plant is native to Mexico, South America, and parts of the Caribbean and has been reported to be present in Taiwan since 2006. In March 2021, Viviani, found in Yunlin County, Taiwan, was observed to have phyllody, virescence, and witches'-broom, which is consistent with the disease symptoms caused by phytoplasma infection.

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Infection cycles of viruses are highly dependent on membrane-associated host factors. To uncover the infection cycle of Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) in detail, we purified the membrane-associated viral complexes from infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants and analyzed the involved host factors. Four isoforms of voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) proteins on the outer membrane of mitochondria were identified due to their upregulated expression in the BaMV complex-enriched membranous fraction.

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Background: During autophagy defense against invading microbes, certain lipid types are indispensable for generating specialized membrane-bound organelles. The lipid composition of autophagosomes remains obscure, as does the issue of how specific lipids and lipid-associated enzymes participate in autophagosome formation and maturation. Helicobacter pylori is auxotrophic for cholesterol and converts cholesterol to cholesteryl glucoside derivatives, including cholesteryl 6'-O-acyl-α-D-glucoside (CAG).

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Background: Isobutanol is considered a potential biofuel, thanks to its high-energy content and octane value, limited water solubility, and compatibility with gasoline. As its biosynthesis pathway is known, a microorganism, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, that inherently produces isobutanol, can serve as a good engineering host. Isobutanol's toxicity, however, is a major obstacle for bioproduction.

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SMALLER TRICHOMES WITH VARIABLE BRANCHES (SVB) is an emerging plant growth regulator in trichome development, endoplasmic reticulum stress response, and phosphoinositide signaling, and belongs to the land plant-specific DUF538 domain-containing protein family. Despite its multifaceted roles, the functions of this protein family are poorly understood in plant growth and development. Here, we report that SVB-like (SVBL), the closest homolog of SVB, modulates plant growth and trichome development with SVB in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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