Response Surface Methodology-Based Optimization of the Chitinolytic Activity of Strain 614 Exerting Biological Control against Phytopathogenic Fungi.

As part of the development of alternative and environmentally friendly control against phytopathogenic fungi, could be a useful species notably via the generation of hydrolytic enzymes like chitinases, which can act as a biological control agent. Here, a S614 strain exhibiting chitinase activity was isolated from a soil in southern Tunisia. Then, response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design (CCD) was used to assess the impact of five factors (colloidal chitin, magnesium sulfate, dipotassium phosphate, yeast extract, and ammonium sulfate) on chitinase activity.

Taming the terminological tempest in invasion science.

Standardised terminology in science is important for clarity of interpretation and communication. In invasion science - a dynamic and rapidly evolving discipline - the proliferation of technical terminology has lacked a standardised framework for its development. The result is a convoluted and inconsistent usage of terminology, with various discrepancies in descriptions of damage and interventions.

Mental illness stigma as a moderator in the relationship between religiosity and help-seeking attitudes among Muslims from 16 Arab countries.

Background: Determining the potential barriers responsible for delaying access to care, and elucidating pathways to early intervention should be a priority, especially in Arab countries where mental health resources are limited. To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have examined the relationship between religiosity, stigma and help-seeking in an Arab Muslim cultural background. Hence, we propose in the present study to test the moderating role of stigma toward mental illness in the relationship between religiosity and help-seeking attitudes among Muslim community people living in different Arab countries.

The thalamic reuniens is associated with consolidation of non-spatial memory too.

The nucleus reuniens (RE) is situated in the midline thalamus and provides a key link between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. This anatomical relationship positions the Re as an ideal candidate to facilitate memory consolidation. However, there is no evidence that this role extends beyond spatial memory and contextual fear memory, which are both strongly associated with hippocampal function.

Plant-pathogen management in a native forest ecosystem.

Forest ecosystems all over the world are facing a growing threat from plant-disease outbreaks. As pollution, climate change, and global pathogen movement intensify, so too do the impacts of forest pathogens. In this essay, we examine a case study of the New Zealand kauri tree (Agathis australis) and its oomycetepathogen, Phytophthora agathidicida.

Harnessing CRISPR-Cas for oomycete genome editing.

Oomycetes are a group of microorganisms that include pathogens responsible for devastating diseases in plants and animals worldwide. Despite their importance, the development of genome editing techniques for oomycetes has progressed more slowly than for model microorganisms. Here, we review recent breakthroughs in clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas technologies that are expanding the genome editing toolbox for oomycetes - from the original Cas9 study to Cas12a editing, ribonucleoprotein (RNP) delivery, and complementation.

Cross-cultural comparison of mental illness stigma and help-seeking attitudes: a multinational population-based study from 16 Arab countries and 10,036 individuals.

Background: There is evidence that culture deeply affects beliefs about mental illnesses' causes, treatment, and help-seeking. We aimed to explore and compare knowledge, attitudes toward mental illness and help-seeking, causal attributions, and help-seeking recommendations for mental illnesses across various Arab countries and investigate factors related to attitudes toward help-seeking.

Methods: We carried out a multinational cross-sectional study using online self-administered surveys in the Arabic language from June to November 2021 across 16 Arab countries among participants from the general public.

Nuclear and Morphological Alterations in Erythrocytes, Antioxidant Enzymes, and Genetic Disparities Induced by Brackish Water in Mrigal Carp ().

Salinization of aquatic ecosystem, abrupt climate change, and anthropogenic activities cause adverse impact on agricultural land/soil as well as the aquaculture industry. This experimental study was designed to evaluate different biomarkers of oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes, and genotoxic potential of diverse salinities of brackish water on freshwater fish. A total of 84 fresh water mrigal carp () were randomly segregated and maintained in four groups (T0, T1, T2, and T3) in a glass aquarium under similar laboratory conditions at various salinity levels (0, 3, 5, and 7 parts per thousand) to determine the pathological influence of brackish water.

Evaluation of Hematological, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Profile in Cattle Infected with Brucellosis in Southern Punjab, Pakistan.

Brucellosis is a well-known and harmful zoonotic disease that poses a severe threat to public health and wild and dairy animals. Due to a lack of monitoring and awareness, disease incidence has increased. Therefore, this study was conducted for the first time to ascertain the status of seroprevalence of brucellosis, hematological, oxidative stress, and antioxidant enzymes in different breeds of cattle reared under tropical-desert conditions in Pakistan.

Pathological, Histological, and Molecular Based Investigations Confirm Novel Infection in .

() being the main cause of animal tuberculosis is a complex infectious agent and can be a cause of zoonotic tuberculosis zoonosis in public health. To date, the uncommon infection in public health due to still is a great challenge to both veterinary and medical professions and requires a careful diagnosis and confirmation of the bacterium. Therefore, this study for the first time reports the clinical, gross, histopathological, and molecular based confirmation of infection in wildlife animals (nilgai).

Exploration of ACE-Inhibiting Peptides Encrypted in Using Approach.

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is involved in body fluid regulation, but one of its enzymes, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), indirectly causes hypertension by constricting blood vessels. Autoimmune illness is linked to the increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. In this study, ACE-inhibiting peptides were studied from proteins.

Bacteriophages Combined With Subtherapeutic Doses of Flucloxacillin Act Synergistically Against Experimental Infective Endocarditis.

Background The potential of phage therapy for the treatment of endovascular infections remains to be evaluated. Methods and Results The efficacy of a phage cocktail combining phage vB_SauH_2002 and phage 66 was evaluated against a methicillin-sensitive strain in vitro and in vivo in a rodent model of experimental endocarditis. Six hours after bacterial challenge, animals were treated with (1) the phage cocktail.

The impact of putative methyltransferase overexpression on the Trichoderma harzianum cellulolytic system for biomass conversion.

Trichoderma harzianum has attracting attention for its potential alternative use in biofuel production, due to a recognized competence for high diversity glycoside hydrolases (GH) enzyme complex, including higher β-glucosidases and auxiliary proteins, using low-cost carbon sources. This strain constitutively overexpressed the global regulator putative methyltransferase - LAE1, in order to improve the GHs production. The recombinant strain achieved 79-fold increase in lae1 expression and high GHs productivity.

Effects of ultrasonic pretreatment on the structure and functionality of chicken bone protein prepared by enzymatic method.

This study investigated the application of ultrasonic pretreatment (UP) to assist with enzymatic extraction of chicken bone protein. Relevant parameters of UP including ultrasonic power, duration of treatment and temperature were studied. The effect of ultrasound was evaluated by examining the protein structure changes (i.

Reprint of: Patient participation in nursing bedside handover: A systematic mixed-methods review.

Background: Numerous reviews of nursing handover have been undertaken, but none have focused on the patient's role.

Objectives: To explore how patient participation in nursing shift-to-shift bedside handover can be enacted.

Design: Systematic mixed- methods review.

Comparative analysis of 13 HPV genotypes diagnosed in urine sediment cells vs. desquamated cervical epithelial cells.

Introduction: The human papilloma virus (HPV) belongs to double-stranded, DNA circular viruses which infect the epithelial cells. The highest incidence of HPV is identified in malignant processes which affect the uterine cervix, as well as vulvar, penile, rectal and pharyngeal regions.

Goal Of Study: An attempt to find correlations between HPV incidence rates in urine sediment cells and in desquamated epithelial cells of the uterine cervix in a group of patients with frequent, recurrent cystitis.

Negative pressure wound therapy for surgical wounds healing by primary closure.

Background: Indications for the use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) are broad and include prophylaxis for surgical site infections (SSIs). While existing evidence for the effectiveness of NPWT remains uncertain, new trials necessitated an updated review of the evidence for the effects of NPWT on postoperative wounds healing by primary closure.

Objectives: To assess the effects of negative pressure wound therapy for preventing surgical site infection in wounds healing through primary closure.

Clinically-indicated replacement versus routine replacement of peripheral venous catheters.

Background: US Centers for Disease Control guidelines recommend replacement of peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVC) no more frequently than every 72 to 96 hours. Routine replacement is thought to reduce the risk of phlebitis and bloodstream infection. Catheter insertion is an unpleasant experience for patients and replacement may be unnecessary if the catheter remains functional and there are no signs of inflammation or infection.

Crude extracts of Sesamum Indicum roots used as anthraquinone source effect on pulping with sodium hydroxide of Sudanese bagasse.

The Objectives: The work was carried out for extraction of natural anthrasesamones from roots of Sesamum Indicum using different organic solvents and utilization of extracts as catalyst in pulping with sodium hydroxide for a by-product of sugar industry (Sudanese bagasse).

Results: Sesamum Indicum roots when extracted with ethanol, it gave the highest extracts yield % (0.964), followed by ethyl acetate, chloroform, dichloromethane and petroleum ether extracts.

The Indigenous Birthing in an Urban Setting study: the IBUS study : A prospective birth cohort study comparing different models of care for women having Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander babies at two major maternity hospitals in urban South East Queensland, Australia.

Background: With persisting maternal and infant health disparities, new models of maternity care are needed to meet the needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia. To date, there is limited evidence of successful and sustainable programs. Birthing on Country is a term used to describe an emerging evidence-based and community-led model of maternity care for Indigenous families; its impact requires evaluation.

Eight-hour versus 12-h shifts in an ICU: Comparison of nursing responses and patient outcomes.

Introduction: Controversy remains about the impact of 12-h shift patterns on staff satisfaction and health and on patient outcomes. Consequently, the objective of the study was to investigate the effect on nurses and patients of 8-h rostering compared with 12-h rostering.

Methods: We conducted a two-phase survey.

Effect of Delaying Replacement of Parenteral Nutrition Intravenous Administration Sets: Preclinical Experiments and a Dynamic Laboratory Model of Microbial Colonization.

Background: Recommendations prescribe daily intravenous administration set (IVAS) replacement for parenteral nutrition (PN) comprising intravenous fat emulsions (IVFE) due to risk of micro-organism growth and resultant central-line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), but system disconnection for this practice may allow contamination and CLABSIs.

Materials And Methods: Laboratory experiments and model development were used to simulate PN administration after contamination from healthcare workers' hands. This study observed the growth of micro-organisms known to cause CLABSIs in a variety of PN and other IV fluids and developed a model to investigate the effect of delaying IVAS replacement on microbial growth for up to 7 days.

Facilitating the relocation of an intensive care unit from shared room to single room setting: Staff perceptions on the effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention.

Background: Current strategies for new and redesigned intensive care units (ICUs) involve incorporation of single occupancy rooms. These changes have largely been made for infection control and patient privacy reasons. However, there is limited literature available on how to manage the transition of an ICU from shared room to a single room environment.

Evaluation of a patient safety programme on Surgical Safety Checklist Compliance: a prospective longitudinal study.

Background: Surgical Safety Checklists (SSC) have been implemented widely across 132 countries since 2008. Yet, despite associated reductions in postoperative complications and death rates, implementation of checklists in surgery remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a patient safety programme over time on SSC use and incidence of clinical errors.