Association Between Psychological Distress and Coping Styles in Family Caregivers of People with Intellectual Disability or Chronic Mental Disorder in Mongolia.

Unlabelled: Around the world, family caregivers are an important source of support for people with intellectual disability (ID) and for those with severe mental disorder (SMD), although the level of support can be influenced by the culture and government healthcare systems in each country. However, there is little evidence about the mental health and coping mechanisms of these caregivers in low-income countries. To address this need, we aimed to elicit whether there are potential links between coping style, mental health, and perceived burden experienced by this group, using a sample from a central Asian upper middle-income country.

Evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia: Updated recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology.

These updated guidelines from the British Association for Psychopharmacology replace the original version published in 2011. They address the scope and targets of pharmacological treatment for schizophrenia. A consensus meeting was held in 2017, involving experts in schizophrenia and its treatment.

Agitated depression in bipolar disorder.

Objectives: It has been suggested that agitated depression (AD) is a common, severe feature in bipolar disorder. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of AD and investigate whether presence of AD was associated with episodic and lifetime clinical features in a large well-characterized bipolar disorder sample.

Method: The prevalence of agitation, based on semi-structured interview and medical case-notes, in the most severe depressive episode was estimated in 2925 individuals with DSM-IV bipolar disorder recruited into the UK Bipolar Disorder Research Network.

The use of stimulant medications for non-core aspects of ADHD and in other disorders.

Psychostimulants play a central role in the management of ADHD. Here we review the evidence pertaining to the use of methylphenidate, dexamphetamine and related amphetamine salts, the prodrug lisdexamfetamine and modafinil for the management of comorbid ADHD and non-ADHD indications. There is a growing consensus that stimulant medications are helpful at improving the emotional dysregulation and lability, and oppositional and conduct symptoms that are often associated with ADHD.

Community rehabilitation outcomes across cultures following traumatic brain injury.

Objective: This exploratory study investigates Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) rehabilitation outcomes among culturally diverse outpatients in community-based rehabilitation who have sustained a Mild to Moderate TBI. The major aims of this study are twofold: firstly, to determine whether community-based rehabilitation outcomes following TBI differ across Măori, Pacific and Pakeha cultures; and secondly, to identify any service delivery needs Pacific people in TBI rehabilitation require that may be distinct from Pakeha.

Method: A fixed comparative non-experimental design was utilised where participants were selected using direct control based on their self-identified ethnic group resulting in sub-samples of 11 Maori, 11 Pacific and 11 Pakeha (n=33).

Molecular-cytogenetic investigation of skewed chromosome X inactivation in Rett syndrome.

We have developed an approach to differentiate homologous X chromosomes in metaphase chromosomes and interphase nuclei by a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique with chromosome X-specific alpha-satellite DNA probe. FISH analysis of metaphase chromosomes in a cohort of 33 girls with Rett syndrome (RTT) allowed us to detect eight girls with structurally different X chromosomes, one X chromosome with a large and another one with a small centromeric heterochromatin (so-called chromosomal heteromorphism). Step-wise application of differential replication staining and the FISH technique to identify the inactivation status of paternal and maternal chromosome X in RTT girls was applied.