A digital lifestyle behaviour change intervention for the prevention of type 2 diabetes: a qualitative study exploring intuitive engagement with real-time glucose and physical activity feedback.

Background: Mobile health technologies have advanced to now allow monitoring of the acute physiological responses to lifestyle behaviours. Our aim was to explore how people engaged with real-time feedback on their physical activity and glucose levels over several weeks.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews with 26 participants (61.

The Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) for the Management of Non-union Fractures.

Purpose Of Review: The treatment of non-union fractures represents a significant challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. In recent years, biologic agents have been investigated and utilised to support and improve bone healing. Among these agents, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an emerging strategy that is gaining popularity.

Reducing cardiovascular disease risk among families with familial hypercholesterolaemia by improving diet and physical activity: a randomised controlled feasibility trial.

Objective: Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) elevates low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study aimed to provide evidence for the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of an intervention designed to improve diet and physical activity in families with FH.

Design: A parallel, randomised, waitlist-controlled, feasibility pilot trial.

Delayed peroneal muscle reaction time in male amateur footballers during a simulated prolonged football protocol.

Peroneal muscle fatigue could result in ankle inversion sprain injuries. This study investigated the peroneal muscle reaction time during a simulated prolonged football protocol. Nine male footballers completed a 105-minute simulated prolonged football protocol.

No Influence of the Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated Gene rs9939609 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism on Blood Lipids in Young Males.

The fat mass and obesity-associated gene () rs9939609 A-allele is linked to obesity and dyslipidemia, yet the independent influence of this polymorphism on blood lipids remains equivocal. We examined the influence of the rs9939609 polymorphism on fasting and postprandial blood lipids in individuals homozygous for the risk A-allele or T-allele with similar anthropometric and demographic characteristics. 12 AA and 12 TT males consumed a standardized meal after fasting overnight.

Peroneal reaction time delayed but dynamic single-legged stability retained in collegiate footballers during a simulated prolonged football protocol.

Delayed peroneal reaction time and impaired single-legged dynamic stability were risk factors of lateral ankle sprain (LAS), yet no study explored the change of them during a football match. The aim is to explore the change of peroneal reaction time and single-legged dynamic stability during a football simulation protocol. Twelve collegiate football players voluntarily completed a 105-min football match simulation protocol in which peroneal reaction time, root-mean-square of mediolateral ground reaction force in first 0.

Screening for laterally deviated plantar pressure during stance using the Cumberland ankle instability tool and anthropometric measures.

This study developed a method that predicts laterally deviated plantar pressure during stance by lower limb anthropometrics and self-reported ability to stop an ankle which has started to roll over. Thirty-two males ran on a treadmill for 2 minutes at 11 km/h. Foot pressure data were collected by a pressure insole system for classifying the participants as medial or lateral strikers.

Gene modification strategies using AO-mediated exon skipping and CRISPR/Cas9 as potential therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked genetic disease affecting 1 in 5000 young males worldwide annually. Patients experience muscle weakness and loss of ambulation at an early age, with ∼75% reduced life expectancy. Recently developed genetic editing strategies aim to convert severe DMD phenotypes to a milder disease course.

Fasted plasma asprosin concentrations are associated with menstrual cycle phase, oral contraceptive use and training status in healthy women.

Purpose: Asprosin, an orexigenic hormone that stimulates hepatic glucose release, is elevated in insulin resistance and associated with obesity. Plasma asprosin concentrations may also be related to female sex hormone levels; higher levels are reported in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) but this may be related to peripheral insulin resistance also associated with PCOS. Clarification of female-specific factors influence on the plasma asprosin response is crucial for studies investigating asprosin.

The cardiovascular determinants of physical function in patients with end-stage kidney disease on haemodialysis.

Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are often sedentary and decreased functional capacity associates with mortality. The relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and physical function has not been fully explored. Understanding the relationships between prognostically relevant measures of CVD and physical function may offer insight into how exercise interventions might target specific elements of CVD.

The STAK tool: evaluation of a new device to treat arthrofibrosis and poor range of movement following total knee arthroplasty and major knee surgery.

Aims: This study aims to evaluate a new home medical stretching device called the Self Treatment Assisted Knee (STAK) tool to treat knee arthrofibrosis.

Methods: 35 patients post-major knee surgery with arthrofibrosis and mean range of movement (ROM) of 68° were recruited. Both the STAK intervention and control group received standard physiotherapy for eight weeks, with the intervention group additionally using the STAK at home.

Acute Running and Coronary Heart Disease Risk Markers in Male Cigarette Smokers and Nonsmokers: A Randomized Crossover Trial.

Purpose: Cigarette smoking is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease and is associated with impaired postprandial metabolism. Acute exercise reduces postprandial lipemia and improves other coronary heart disease risk markers in nonsmokers. Less is known about responses in cigarette smokers.

Exercise for people living with frailty and receiving haemodialysis: a mixed-methods randomised controlled feasibility study.

Objectives: Frailty is highly prevalent in haemodialysis (HD) patients, leading to poor outcomes. This study aimed to determine whether a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of intradialytic exercise is feasible for frail HD patients, and explore how the intervention may be tailored to their needs.

Design: Mixed-methods feasibility.

Associations between Plasma Branched Chain Amino Acids and Health Biomarkers in Response to Resistance Exercise Training Across Age.

Leucine, isoleucine and valine (i.e., the branched chain amino acids, BCAA) play a key role in the support and regulation of tissue protein regulation and also as energy substrates.

Test-retest reliability of a clinical foot assessment device for measuring first metatarsophalangeal joint quasi-stiffness.

Background: The stiffness of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) is of interest in cases such as hallux rigidus and apropulsive gait. Subjective rating of joint mobility as 'hypermobile, normal, or stiff' is an unreliable method. Previous instruments for the assessment of first MTPJ stiffness can be too hard and uncomfortable for test subjects.

Impacts of a Standing Desk Intervention within an English Primary School Classroom: A Pilot Controlled Trial.

Traditional classroom furniture dictates that children predominantly sit during class time. This study evaluated the impact of providing standing desks within a deprived UK primary school setting over 8 months using mixed-method approaches. All children within a Year 5 class (9-10-year-olds, = 30) received an adjustable sit-stand desk, while another Year 5 class ( = 30) in a nearby school retained traditional furniture as a control classroom.

An individually moulded insole with 5-mm medial arch support reduces peak impact and loading at the heel after a one-hour treadmill run.

Background: Foot pain experienced by long-distance runners could be relieved by functional insoles which aim at evenly distributing the plantar pressure.

Research Question: We hypothesised that an individually moulded insole with medial arch support would reduce the impact and loading under the heel and metatarsal regions.

Methods: Twelve male recreational runners ran on a treadmill at 10 km/h for 1 hour with flat insoles and medial arch supported insoles.

Submaximal Eccentric Cycling in People With COPD: Acute Whole-Body Cardiopulmonary and Muscle Metabolic Responses.

Background: Eccentric cycling (ECC) may be an attractive exercise method in COPD because of both low cardiorespiratory demand and perception of effort compared with conventional concentric cycling (CON) at matched mechanical loads. However, it is unknown whether ECC can be performed by individuals with COPD at an intensity able to cause sufficient metabolic stress to improve aerobic capacity.

Research Question: What are the cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses to ECC in people with COPD and healthy volunteers when compared with CON at matched mechanical loads?

Study Design And Methods: Thirteen people with COPD (mean ± SD age, 64 ± 9 years; FEV, 45 ± 19% predicted; BMI, 24 ± 4 kg/m; oxygen uptake at peak exercise [V̇O], 15 ± 3 mL/kg/min) and 9 age-matched control participants (FEV, 102 ± 13% predicted; BMI, 28 ± 5 kg/m; V̇O, 23 ± 5 mL/kg/min), performed up to six 4-min bouts of ECC and CON at matched mechanical loads of increasing intensity.

Influence of Short-Term Hyperenergetic, High-Fat Feeding on Appetite, Appetite-Related Hormones, and Food Reward in Healthy Men.

Short-term overfeeding may provoke compensatory appetite responses to correct the energy surplus. However, the initial time-course of appetite, appetite-related hormone, and reward-related responses to hyperenergetic, high-fat diets (HE-HFD) are poorly characterised. Twelve young healthy men consumed a HE-HFD (+50% energy, 65% fat) or control diet (36% fat) for seven days in a randomised crossover design.

Changes in sedentary behaviour in European Union adults between 2002 and 2017.

Background: Sedentary behaviour (SB) has been identified as an important mortality risk factor. Health organizations have recognised SB as a public health challenge with major health, social, and economic consequences. Researchers have alerted the need to develop specific strategies, to monitor, prevent, and reduce SB.

A Comparison of Intermittent and Continuous Exercise Bouts at Different Intensities on Appetite and Postprandial Metabolic Responses in Healthy Men.

Exercise intensity affects many potential postprandial responses, but there is limited information on the influence of exercise modality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate if the nature of exercise at two different intensities would affect gastric emptying rate (GER), appetite and metabolic responses following ingestion of a semi-solid meal. Twelve healthy men completed, in a random order, four 60-min cycles at 60% VO (MOD), 40% VO (LOW) and in a continuous (CON) or intermittent (INT) manner.

The associations of BMI with mean diffusivity of basal ganglia among young adults with mild obesity and without obesity.

Obesity causes a wide range of systemic diseases and is associated with mood and anxiety disorders. It is also associated with dopaminergic reward system function. However, the relationships between microstructural properties of the dopaminergic system and body mass index (BMI) have not been investigated.