COVID-19 Lockdowns: A Worldwide Survey of Circadian Rhythms and Sleep Quality in 3911 Athletes from 49 Countries, with Data-Driven Recommendations.

Objective: In a convenience sample of athletes, we conducted a survey of COVID-19-mediated lockdown (termed 'lockdown' from this point forward) effects on: (i) circadian rhythms; (ii) sleep; (iii) eating; and (iv) training behaviors.

Methods: In total, 3911 athletes [mean age: 25.1 (range 18-61) years, 1764 female (45%), 2427 team-sport (63%) and 1442 elite (37%) athletes] from 49 countries completed a multilingual cross-sectional survey including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Insomnia Severity Index questionnaires, alongside bespoke questions about napping, training, and nutrition behaviors.

Home-Based HIIT and Traditional MICT Prescriptions Improve Cardiorespiratory Fitness to a Similar Extent Within an Exercise Referral Scheme for At-Risk Individuals.

Exercise referral schemes (ERS) are used to promote physical activity within primary care. Traditionally, ERS are conducted in a gym or leisure-center setting, with exercise prescriptions based on moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). Home-based high-intensity interval training (Home-HIIT) has the potential to reduce perceived barriers to exercise, including lack of time and access to facilities, compared to traditional MICT prescription used with ERS and improve health related outcomes.

Evaluation of a natural workspace intervention with active design features on movement, interaction and health.

Background: There is increasing focus on designing workspaces that promote less sitting, more movement and interaction to improve physical and mental health.

Objective: This study evaluates a natural intervention of a new workplace with active design features and its relocation to a greener and open space.

Methods: An ecological model was used to understand how organisations implement change.

Effect of the perception of breakfast consumption on subsequent appetite and energy intake in healthy males.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effects of consuming a very-low-energy placebo breakfast on subsequent appetite and lunch energy intake.

Methods: Fourteen healthy males consumed water-only (WAT), very-low-energy, viscous placebo (containing water, low-calorie flavoured squash, and xanthan gum; ~ 16 kcal; PLA), and whole-food (~ 573 kcal; FOOD) breakfasts in a randomised order. Subjects were blinded to the energy content of PLA and specific study aims.

Biomechanical differences between military patients with patellar tendinopathy and asymptomatic controls during single-leg squatting and gait - A statistical parametric mapping study.

Background: Prior identification of biomechanical differences between patients with patellar tendinopathy and healthy controls has utilised time-discrete analysis which is susceptible to type I error when multiple comparisons are uncorrected. We employ statistical parametric mapping to minimise the risk of such error, enabling more appropriate clinical decision-making.

Methods: Lower-limb biomechanics of 21 patients with patellar tendinopathy and 22 controls were captured during walking and three types of squats.

Training During the COVID-19 Lockdown: Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices of 12,526 Athletes from 142 Countries and Six Continents.

Objective: Our objective was to explore the training-related knowledge, beliefs, and practices of athletes and the influence of lockdowns in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Methods: Athletes (n = 12,526, comprising 13% world class, 21% international, 36% national, 24% state, and 6% recreational) completed an online survey that was available from 17 May to 5 July 2020 and explored their training behaviors (training knowledge, beliefs/attitudes, and practices), including specific questions on their training intensity, frequency, and session duration before and during lockdown (March-June 2020).

Results: Overall, 85% of athletes wanted to "maintain training," and 79% disagreed with the statement that it is "okay to not train during lockdown," with a greater prevalence for both in higher-level athletes.

Is walking netball an effective, acceptable and feasible method to increase physical activity and improve health in middle- to older age women?: A RE-AIM evaluation.

Background: Physical activity is a modifiable risk factor for health and wellbeing, all-cause mortality and healthy aging. However, for middle- to older-age females less is known about the benefits of sports participation on these outcomes. Further, the acceptability and feasibility of setting-up, implementing and maintaining sports-based programmes for an aging population is an understudied area of inquiry.

'Snacktivity™' to increase physical activity: Time to try something different?

Evidence demonstrates that participation in regular physical activity (PA) reduces the risk of morbidity and mortality. However, current PA guidelines are focused on weekly accumulation of 150 min of moderate intensity PA as a threshold. Although recent developments of this guidance have discussed the merits of short bouts of physical activity, guidance that sets large behavioural goals for PA has not been successful in supporting the public to become sufficiently physically active and a 'one-size fits all' approach to PA guidelines may not be optimal.

Free Time For Wellness: a co-designed intervention utilizing social networks to encourage physical activity for cancer prevention among low resourced mothers.

Background: Physical activity is central to chronic disease prevention. Low resource mothers face structural barriers preventing them from increasing their physical activity to reduce their chronic disease risk. We co-designed an intervention, with the ultimate goal of building social cohesion through social media to increase physical activity for low resourced mothers in urban settings.

"The balloon was just the kick start, I had to do the rest myself": Adolescents living with severe obesity experiences of an intra-gastric balloon alongside a lifestyle support programme.

Background: Few treatments exist for adolescents living with severe obesity. This qualitative study explored the experiences of severely obese adolescents and their families who participated in the BOB study.

Methods: Twelve adolescents (5 males;7 females; mean age 15 years; BMI > 3.

Evidence-based vs. social media based high-intensity interval training protocols: Physiological and perceptual responses.

Objective: High intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time-efficient exercise modality to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, and has recently been popularised by social media influencers. However, little is known regarding acute physiological and perceptual responses to these online protocols compared to HIIT protocols used within research. The aim was to investigate acute physiological, perceptual and motivational responses to two HIIT protocols popular on social media, and compare these to two evidence-based protocols.

Playing surface traction influences movement strategies during a sidestep cutting task in futsal: implications for ankle performance and sprain injury risk.

This descriptive laboratory crossover trial study examined the intervention of high friction synthetic vs lower friction natural sport surfaces on the ankle joint biomechanics in a sidestep cutting task. Twenty-nine male futsal players performed 5 trials of sidestep cutting task in a laboratory, recorded by an 18-camera motion capture system to obtain the ankle joint orientation, velocity and moment. Utilised friction was obtained by the peak ratio of the horizontal to vertical ground reaction force during the stance.

The Active Hospital pilot: A qualitative study exploring the implementation of a Trust-wide Sport and Exercise Medicine-led physical activity intervention.

Background: In 2017 Public Health England and Sport England commissioned a Consultant-led Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) pilot to test the feasibility and acceptability of embedding physical activity interventions in secondary care clinical pathways. The aim of this paper is to report qualitative findings exploring the experience of healthcare professionals (HCPs) and patients involved in the Active Hospital pilot.

Methods: Qualitative data was collected by semi-structured interviews with Active Hospital pilot SEM Consultants, and staff and patients involved in three clinical pathways.

The role of hepatic lipid composition in obesity-related metabolic disease.

Obesity is a primary antecedent to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease whose cardinal feature is excessive hepatic lipid accumulation. Although total hepatic lipid content closely associates with hepatic and systemic metabolic dysfunction, accumulating evidence suggests that the composition of hepatic lipids may be more discriminatory. This review summarises cross-sectional human studies using liver biopsy/lipidomics and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to characterise hepatic lipid composition in people with obesity and related metabolic disease.

Epidemiology of Hand Fractures and Dislocations in England and Wales Professional Cricketers.

This study describes hand fracture and dislocation injuries in terms of anatomical distribution, incidence and impact on playing time in registered professional adult male players of all 18 First Class England and Wales County Cricket clubs over a five-year period from 2010-2014. Prospectively collected injury surveillance data for 1 and 2 Team matches (Twenty20, One day and four-day) and training were analysed. There were 109 hand fractures and 53 dislocations.

Effect of 8-week treadmill running with peroneal muscle functional electrical stimulation on laterally deviated centre of plantar pressure position and star excursion balance test performance.

Introduction: Ankle sprain is a common injury that can have long-term sequelae resulting in pain, swelling and a reduction of physical activity participation. Previous research has shown a laterally deviated centre of pressure (COP) during running gait increases the risk of lateral ankle sprain. As a method of altering COP, electrical stimulation has been considered.

Sleep duration and sleep efficiency in UK long-distance heavy goods vehicle drivers.

Objectives: To profile sleep duration and sleep efficiency in UK long-distance heavy goods vehicle (HGV) drivers and explore demographic, occupational and lifestyle predictors of sleep.

Methods: Cross-sectional analyses were carried out on 329 HGV drivers (98.5% men) recruited across an international logistics company within the midland's region, UK.

An inverted ankle joint orientation at foot strike could incite ankle inversion sprain: Comparison between injury and non-injured cutting motions of a tennis player.

Ankle sprain is very common in sports. Research on its prevention is as important as on its treatment as recommended in the 2016 consensus statement of the International Ankle Consortium. Successful prevention depends on the understanding of its mechanism, which has been presented with quantities in some recent case reports.

Accentuated early postprandial satiety in people with spinal cord injury versus able-bodied controls.

In persons with spinal cord injury (SCI), reduced fat-free mass and movement-related energy expenditure increase obesity risk. Although plausible mechanisms exist, it remains unknown whether impaired appetite regulation potentiates obesity risk in SCI. This study compared postprandial responses of appetite-related hormones, appetite perceptions and the sensitivity of appetite to covert preload energy manipulation in persons with SCI and able-bodied (AB) controls.

Postprandial Metabolism and Physical Activity in Asians: A Narrative Review.

The widespread benefits of physical activity in enhancing health and lowering the risk of non-communicable chronic diseases are well established across populations globally. Nevertheless, the prevalence of several lifestyle-related chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, varies markedly across countries and ethnicities. Direct ethnic comparative studies on the health benefits of physical activity are sparse and evidence-based physical activity guidelines are not ethnicity-specific.

Cross-sectional associations between domain-specific sitting time and other lifestyle health behaviours: the Stormont study.

Background: There is a dearth of literature on how different domains of sitting time relate to other health behaviours. Therefore, this study aimed to explore these associations in a sample of office workers.

Methods: 7170 Northern Irish Civil Servants completed an online survey which included information on workday and non-workday sitting time in five domains (travel, work, TV, computer-use, leisure-time), physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking.

Use of Social Media for Cancer Prevention Through Neighborhood Social Cohesion: Protocol for a Feasibility Study.

Background: Social cohesion is associated with healthier behaviors and better health outcomes, and therefore may offer a mechanism for promoting better health. Low socioeconomic status (SES) communities face higher rates of chronic disease due to both community- and individual-level factors.

Objective: The aim of this study is to leverage social cohesion to promote healthier behaviors and prevent chronic disease in a low SES community.

Spinning the legs and blood: should intradialytic exercise be routinely offered during maintenance haemodialysis?

Patients with end-stage kidney disease on haemodialysis (HD) have an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). These patients also experience high levels of physical deconditioning and programmes of rehabilitation have been tested in a variety of forms with variable success. It has been suggested that programmes of exercise rehabilitation have a role to play in improving the physical condition of patients on HD and in addressing the traditional and non-traditional risk factors that drive CVD for this population.