Post-exercise skimmed milk, but not a sucrose beverage decreases energy intake at the next meal compared to a placebo beverage in active males.

This study compared the appetite and energy intake effects of three post-exercise beverages at a subsequent post-exercise meal. On three occasions, ten active males: (mean ± sd) age 21.3 ± 1.

Physical activity is inversely associated with hepatic fibro-inflammation: A population-based cohort study using UK Biobank data.

Background & Aims: Physical activity (PA) is recommended in the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) given its beneficial effects on liver fat and cardiometabolic risk. Using data from the UK Biobank population-cohort, this study examined associations between habitual PA and hepatic fibro-inflammation.

Methods: A total of 840 men and women aged 55-70 years were included in this cross-sectional study.

The joint associations of physical activity and TV viewing time with COVID-19 mortality: An analysis of UK Biobank.

We used logistic regression to investigate the joint associations of physical activity level (high: ≥3000 MET-min/week, moderate: ≥600 MET-min/week, low: not meeting either criteria) and TV viewing time (low: ≤1 h/day, moderate: 2-3 h/day, high: ≥4 h/day) with COVID-19 mortality risk in UK Biobank. Additional models were performed with adjustment for body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Within the 373, 523 included participants, there were 940 COVID-19 deaths between 16 March 2020 and 12 November 2021.

A comparison of meal-related appetite, food reward and eating behaviour traits in people with and without spinal cord injury.

Persons with a spinal cord injury (SCI) are at a heightened risk of obesity. However, little is known about the effect of SCI on factors that influence energy intake. This study compared measures of food reward, eating behaviour traits, and appetite perceptions between adults with and without SCI.

Influence of water-based exercise on energy intake, appetite, and appetite-related hormones in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Single bouts of land-based exercise suppress appetite and do not typically alter energy intake in the short-term, whereas it has been suggested that water-based exercise may evoke orexigenic effects. The primary aim was to systematically review the available literature investigating the influence of water-based exercise on energy intake in adults (PROSPERO ID number CRD42022314349). PubMed, Medline, Sport-Discus, Academic Search Complete, CINAHL and Public Health Database were searched for peer-reviewed articles published in English from 1900 to May 2022.

Caloric restriction improves glycaemic control without reducing plasma branched-chain amino acids or keto-acids in obese men.

Higher plasma leucine, isoleucine and valine (BCAA) concentrations are associated with diabetes, obesity and insulin resistance (IR). Here, we evaluated the effects of 6-weeks very-low calorie diet (VLCD) upon fasting BCAA in overweight (OW) non-diabetic men, to explore associations between circulating BCAA and IR, before and after a weight loss intervention. Fasting plasma BCAAs were quantified in an OW (n = 26; BMI 32.

Enhancing cardiometabolic health through physical activity and breakfast manipulations in children and adolescents: good for humans, good for the planet.

The human health benefits of cardiometabolic disease prevention can be accompanied by planetary co-benefits. Focusing efforts towards young people, including children and adolescents, is conducive to disease prevention. In the context of cardiometabolic disease prevention, this review paper critically summarises the available literature on the acute cardiometabolic responses to physical activity and breakfast manipulations among young people.

Body mass index across adulthood and the development of airflow obstruction and emphysema.

Background: Low body mass index (BMI) is associated with COPD, but temporal relationships between airflow obstruction (AO) development and emphysematous change are unclear. We investigated longitudinal changes in BMI, AO, and lung density throughout adulthood using data from the Framingham Offspring Cohort (FOC).

Methods: BMI trajectories were modelled throughout adulthood in 4587 FOC participants from Exam 2 (mean age = 44), through Exam 9 (mean age = 71), in AO participants and non-AO participants (AO = 1036), determined by spirometry, using fractional polynomial growth curves.

Associations of patient characteristics, rate of torque development, voluntary activation of quadriceps with quadriceps strength, and knee function before anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Good preoperative knee function (KF) and quadriceps strength (QS) relate to good prognoses after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). This study aimed to investigate the associations between patient characteristics, rate of torque development (RTD), voluntary activation (VA) of the quadriceps against preoperative KF and QS. A cross-sectional study was conducted.

Ramadan intermittent fasting induced poorer training practices during the COVID-19 lockdown: A global cross-sectional study with 5529 athletes from 110 countries.

Ramadan intermittent fasting during the COVID-19 lockdown (RIFL) may present unique demands. We investigated training practices (i.e.

Fasting Before Evening Exercise Reduces Net Energy Intake and Increases Fat Oxidation, but Impairs Performance in Healthy Males and Females.

Acute morning fasted exercise may create a greater negative 24-hr energy balance than the same exercise performed after a meal, but research exploring fasted evening exercise is limited. This study assessed the effects of 7-hr fasting before evening exercise on energy intake, metabolism, and performance. Sixteen healthy males and females (n = 8 each) completed two randomized, counterbalanced trials.

Attenuated Cardiovascular Reactivity to Acute Psychological Stress Predicts Future Fatigue Symptoms in Truck Drivers.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of a 6-month health intervention on truck drivers' cardiovascular reactivity to stress and whether cardiovascular reactivity was predictive of depression, anxiety, or fatigue symptoms at 6-month follow-up.

Methods: Two hundred thirty-eight truck drivers completed a 6-month cluster randomized controlled trial to increase physical activity and completed a stress protocol (Stroop and mirror-tracing tasks) with measurements of heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure taken, alongside fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptoms assessment. Measures were taken at 0 and 6 months.

A modifiable factors-based model for detecting inactive individuals: are the European assessment tools fit for purpose?

Background: The lack of systematic factors affecting physical inactivity (PIA) challenges policymakers to implement evidence-based solutions at a population level. The study utilizes the Eurobarometer to analyse PIA-modifiable variables.

Methods: Special Eurobarometer 412 physical activity (PA) data were analysed (n = 18 336), including 40 variables along with the International PA Questionnaire.

Frequently Interrupting Prolonged Sitting With Light Body-Weighted Resistance Activity Alters Psychobiological Responses to Acute Psychological Stress: A Randomized Crossover Trial.

Background: Uninterrupted prolonged sitting and exaggerated psychobiological reactivity to acute psychological stress are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Breaking up prolonged sitting with frequent, short bouts of light-intensity physical activity acutely lowers CVD risk markers under resting conditions.

Purpose: To examine whether frequent interruptions to prolonged sitting with body-weighted resistance activity can acutely lower systolic blood pressure (SBP; primary outcome) and other cardiovascular (CV), inflammatory, and cortisol (secondary outcomes) responses to acute psychological stress.

Inactivity and obesity: consequences for macrophage-mediated inflammation and the development of cardiometabolic disease.

Obesity and dyslipidaemia are strongly associated with the development of cardiometabolic diseases including CVD, stroke, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. While these conditions are preventable, they are leading causes of mortality globally. There is now overwhelming clinical and experimental evidence that these conditions are driven by chronic systemic inflammation, with a growing body of data suggesting that this can be regulated by increasing levels of physical activity and reducing sedentary time.

Knee wobbling during the single-leg-squat-and-hold test reflects dynamic knee instability in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury.

We propose using the single-leg squat-and-hold (SLSH) task with kinematic analysis to objectively measure dynamic knee stability after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. There are three objectives of this study: to compare the knee kinematics of ACL-deficient patients and healthy controls by capturing knee wobbling during the SLSH task, to detect kinematic changes after ACL reconstruction, and to correlate the kinematic variables with self-reported knee function. Twenty-five ACL-deficient participants and 18 healthy matched participants were recruited.

Prospective study of beginner running groups: psychological predictors and outcomes of participation.

Running is an example of vigorous activity that leads to important health benefits if maintained. Beginner running groups provide supportive training programs to help people progress from walking to sustained running. This study explored the characteristics of individuals joining beginner running groups and the outcomes they achieve.

Living with frailty and haemodialysis: a qualitative study.

Background: Frailty is highly prevalent in people receiving haemodialysis (HD) and is associated with poor outcomes. Understanding the lived experiences of this group is essential to inform holistic care delivery.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews with N = 25 prevalent adults receiving HD from 3 HD units in the UK.

Differences in body mass index trajectories of adolescent psychiatric inpatients by sex, age, diagnosis and medication: an exploratory longitudinal, mixed effects analysis.

Background: Adolescents in secure psychiatric care typically report high obesity rates. However, longitudinal research exploring the rate and extent of change is sparse. This study aimed to analyse sex differences in longitudinal body mass index (BMI) change for adolescents receiving treatment in a secure psychiatric hospital.

Sedentary behaviour, physical activity and psychobiological stress reactivity: A systematic review.

Background: Sedentary behaviour, physical activity, and psychobiological reactivity to acute psychological stress are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Sedentary behaviour and physical activity influence autonomic, haemodynamic, and inflammatory pathways under resting conditions, and these pathways become activated under acute psychological stress. However, it is unclear whether sedentary behaviour and physical activity relate to psychobiological responses to stress.

Mercury levels in hair are associated with reduced neurobehavioral performance and altered brain structures in young adults.

The detrimental effects of high-level mercury exposure on the central nervous system as well as effects of low-level exposure during early development have been established. However, no previous studies have investigated the effects of mercury level on brain morphometry using advance imaging techniques in young adults. Here, utilizing hair analysis which has been advocated as a method for biological monitoring, data of regional gray matter volume (rGMV), regional white matter volume (rWMV), fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), cognitive functions, and depression among 920 healthy young adults in Japan, we showed that greater hair mercury levels were weakly but significantly associated with diminished cognitive performance, particularly on tasks requiring rapid processing (speed measures), lower depressive tendency, lower rGMV in areas of the thalamus and hippocampus, lower rWMV in widespread areas, greater FA in bilaterally distributed white matter areas overlapping with areas of significant rWMV reductions and lower MD of the widely distributed gray and white matter areas particularly in the bilateral frontal lobe and the right basal ganglia.

Bilateral impairments of quadriceps neuromuscular function occur early after anterior cruciate ligament injury.

The study aimed to investigate the impairments in quadriceps neuromuscular function, including strength, rate of torque development (RTD) and activation failure (QAF) early after an ACL injury. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Thirty physically active patients with a primary ACL injury within three months, aged 18 to 40 years old, and who were scheduled for ACL reconstruction were included.